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Section A

[ 60 marks ]
UNTUK
Answer all questions. KEGUNAAN
The time suggested to complete this section is 90 minutes. PEMERIKSA

1. Figure 1 shows two organelles X and Y , contained in a cell.

Figure 1
a) Identify organelle
X : mitochondrion
Y : chloroplast
[ 2
marks ]
b) State two similarities between organelles X and Y.
i) Both organelles can be found in a plant cell
ii) Both organelles have two layers of membranes
[ 2
marks ]
c) State one difference between the two organelles.
Organelle X can be found in both animal and plant cells while organelle Y
can only be found in the plant cell (or any other difference) [ 2
marks ]

d) i) What is the main function of organelle X?

To generate energy in the form of ATP molecules
[ 1 mark ]
ii) How does organelle X function?
Through the oxidation of food during cell respiration.
[ 1 mark ]

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e) i) State the name of the substance contained in organelle Y.

Chlorophyll
[ 1 mark ]
iii) What is the importance of organelle Y?
As a medium to absorb sunlight required for photosynthesis.
[ 1 mark ]
f) i) Write the name of the organelles P, Q, R and S in the boxes given in
Figure 2.

4 – 3 : 2 marks
2 : 1 mark Figure 2
1 : 0 mark
[ 2
marks ]
ii) State one type of cell that contained above organelles abundantly.
Pancreatic cells/ Cells in the salivary glands
[ 1 mark ]

2. Figure 3 shows three types of tissues found in the body of a multicellular

organism

Figure 3
a) Name the three types of tissues.

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A : Epithelial tissue
B : Nerve tissue
C : Muscle tissue
[ 3
marks ]
b) i) State the function of tissue A.
ITo cover and protect the whole external and internal surfaces of the body
and organs , also modified into glands for secretion of certain substances
[ 2
marks ]
ii) Name one organ which formed by tissue A and B.
Skin/ Brain/ etc.
[ 1 mark ]
c) i) Give one example of organ which is formed by tissue A and C.
Biceps/ etc.
[ 1 mark ]
ii) Name one system which the organ in (c) (i) involves in a multicellular
organism.
Muscular system (according to the above answer)
[ 1 mark ]
d) Describe briefly how the various organ system coordinate to regulate the blood
glucose level when it exceeds the normal level.
• Glucose is absorbed from the small intestine of the digestive system.
• The blood circulatory system transport the glucose to the liver .
• When the blood glucose level exceeds the normal level, the pancreas will
secretes hormone insulin through the blood circulatory system to reduce the
exceeds level.
[ 3 marks ]

3. In an experiment, a similar cylinders of potatoes were separately immerse in

sucrose solutions of different concentration for two hours. The results are shown
in Table 1.

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Table 1
a) Complete Table 1 [ 2
marks ]
b) From the data above, draw a graph of percentage of change of length of
potato cylinder against the concentration of sucrose solution.

[ 3
marks ]
c) From the graph drawn in (b), state the concentration of sucrose solution
which is isotonic to the potato cell sap.

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0.28 M / any suitable value cutting x axis

[ 2
marks ]
d) i) Name the process which caused the change in length of potato cylinder
immerse in 0.4 M sucrose solution.
Plasmolysis
[ 1 mark ]
ii)Explain why the changes in (d) (i) happened.
The 0.4 M sucrose solution is hypertonic to the potato cell sap. This is
why water molecules move out of the cell by osmosis.
[ 2
marks ]

4. Proteins are complex organic molecules and they show four levels of
organisation. Figure 4 shows four different types of protein structures.

Figure 4
a) State the level of organisation for structures P, Q, R and S.
Protein Level of organisation
P Quaternary protein structure
Q Secondary protein structure 4 – 3 : 2 marks
R Tertiary protein structure 2 : 1 mark
S Primary protein structure 1 : 0 mark
[ 2
marks ]

b) Name three different of proteins found in the human body, each of the
proteins shows the level of organisation shown by P, Q or R. State one
function for each of the named protein.

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Protein Example Function

P Haemoglobin
Q Keratin
R Enzyme
Compliment E & F : 1 mark
To transport oxygen
Found in hair, horn and nails
Biological catalyst that speeds up
biochemical reaction in the cells
[ 3
marks ]

c) i) State the differences between essential and non-essential amino acids.

• Essential amino acids are amino acids that cannot be synthesised in
the body and must be included in the diet.
• Non- essential amino acids can be synthesised from other amino acids
in the body
[ 2
marks ]

ii) Animal proteins are first class protein and plant protein are second class
proteins. Explain how a vegetarian can obtain all the essential amino
acids in his diet.
By eating a wide variety of vegetables, e.g. mixture of different legumes
and corn to obtain all the essential amino acids.
[ 2
marks ]
d) Name a disease caused by lack of protein in the diet of human.
Kwashiorkor
[ 1 mark ]
e) Describe briefly a food test to show that egg albumen contains proteins.
• Biuret test

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• 2 ml of egg albumen is placed into a test tube and 2 ml 5% KOH

solution is added. The mixture is added with two drops of 1% copper
sulphate solution.
• A purple colour is formed indicating the presence of protein in egg
albumen.
[ 3
marks ]

5. Figure 5 illustrates the action of an enzyme.

Figure 5

a) What are represented by W, X, P and Q?

W is enzyme, X is substrate while P and Q are products.
[ 2
marks ]
b) Name the structure in the cell where W is synthesised.
Ribosome
[ 1 mark ]

c) State two factors which can alter the shape or charges of R.

i) High temperatures
ii)Extreme pH
[ 2
marks ]
d) State a property of enzyme that is depicted in Figure 4.
Enzyme are highly specific.
[ 1 mark ]

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e) Based on Figure 4, explain why a small amount of enzyme can catalyse a

large amount of substrate?
This is because enzymes are not used up at the end of a reaction. Once the
products formed leave the active site of the enzyme, the enzyme is free to
participate in further reaction.
[ 2
marks ]

f) Draw a curve in the graph below to show how pH affects enzyme activity.

[ 1 mark ]

g) Figure 5 shows a handkerchief with grease stain and bloodstain (U). This
handkerchief was washed for 10 minutes with an enzyme-containing
washing powder at room temperature. The handkerchief after washing is
shown in (V).

Figure 5

i) Name two enzymes that can be found in this washing powder.

Protease and lipase
[ 2
marks ]

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ii)A woman complained that the washing powder is not effective in

removing the stains when she washed her clothing at 60oC. What would
be the reason for this problem?
The enzymes are denatured at high temperature.
[ 2 marks ]

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