Preparing a well for production

Christmas trees
Functions of a completion
Primary recovery
Secondary recovery
Tertiary recovery
Production systems and equipment
Well servicing and maintenance
 How is a Well is Completed?

Different types of completions:

Open hole
Cased hole
Single string
Dual string
Gravel packed

Completing the well:

Hang tubing from the wellhead

Seal the top of the casing with a tubing hanger
Seal the foot of the well with a packer
 Examples of Completion Packer Functions

Dual
Packer
Casing
Short
String

Long String

Casing
Dual Zone/Dual String
Annulus Completion
Production
Tubing Packer #1

Packer
Packer #2

Packer #3

Single Zone/Single Multi Zone/Single

String Completion String Completion
Preparing A Well For Production
Step 2: Run the Tubing
Step 3: Perforate the Casing
Step 4: Install Christmas tree
 Christmas Tree

Composite Design

Cost effective

Alternative stack-up arrangements

possible

Repair by replacement as needed

 Completion Functions

The Starting Point

 Completion Functions

Optimise Flow
 Completion Functions

Protect the Casing

 Completion Functions

Contain the Reservoir

 Completion Functions

Allow Well Kill

 Completion Functions

Install the Tubing String

 Completion Functions

Limit Production Problems

 Primary Recovery

Uses the natural energy drive of well

systems to produce

Primary recovery often only taps 10%

of available reserves.
Depletion
 Gas cap
Gaseous
oil mix
Combined drainage Gravity drainage
 The average oil well actually
produces 7 barrels of water for every
barrel of oil brought to the surface.
Treating and disposing of this water
is a major challenge and is very costly
 Secondary Recovery

Secondary recovery is mechanical it can

bring another 20% of the oil to the surface
 Depletion
20,000 bbl/day
Darcys Law Undamaged Well

Formation damage a reduction of w/ 100 mD Permeability 8 Hole

permeability around a
wellbore, which is the
consequence of drilling,
completion, injection, 50 ft
attempted stimulation, or
production of that well.
Formation damage due to physical
reduction in pore/pore throat
size Reservoir Pressure 1
7000 psi 100 1000
10
a. Drilling mud solids invasion
7000
b. Drilling mud filtrate invasion 1300 psi
6000
c. Cement filtrate invasion 5000 1300 psi
d. Completion/workover solids 4000 1300 psi
invasion Bottomhole flowing
Pressure 2500 psi 3000 600 psi drop in 8 inches
e. Perforation damaged zone
2000
f. Plugging of pores w/native Notice the pressure drop in the last 8 inches around the wellbore. You can imagine how
clays badly the well productivity would suffer if this area had formation damage.
Nodding donkey
 Tertiary Recovery

Tertiary recovery is used to

recovering any remaining oil.

Thermal recovery
Gas Injection
Chemical flooding
Artificial lift
Gas lift
Gravel packing
Separation

Oil and water

 Separation

Water gas and oil

 Well Servicing/ Maintenance

Well Servicing
/Maintenance

Routine Wellhead Live Well Dead Well Emergency

Monitoring Servicing Interventions Workovers Situations

Well C/T or Re- Well

Wireline Pumping Repairs Capping
Testing Snubbing Complete Kill

Production Service Units Drilling or Production Facility

Facility Workover Rig /Snubbing Unit
 Well Servicing Methods

Coiled Tubing Snubbing Drilling Unit

 Coiled Tubing Operations
The coil tubing unit uses a continuous length of small diameter
tubing that is stored on a reel. Coil tubing units uses include:

Sand washing
Jetting
Spot acidizing,
Mud washing
Cementing, etc.
 Basic Coiled Tubing Rig Up

INJECTOR
HEAD

STRIPPER
BLIND
SHEAR
SLIP
PIPE

RISER

SHEAR
SEAL
BOP

XMASS
CONTROL CAB REEL TREE
Slickline Rig Up

Grease Injection Rig Up

 Typical Toolstring
The diameters in most common use are 1 1/2" and 1 7/8", but toolstring
components are also available in 1", 1 1/4", 2 1/8" and 2 1/2" diameters.

Rope Socket Provides a connection with wire.

Swivel Joint Attached between the rope socket and stem if required.

Stem To add weight / mass to the toolstring to overcome well

pressure and friction, and provide impact downhole.

Upstroke Jars Attached here if required.

Mechanical Jars To provide a means of generating impact.

Knuckle Joint * Attached here if required

*Attach the required tool to the bottom of the jars or knuckle Joint
 Snubbing
Used in preference to coiled tubing when:

Need greater depth

Well pressures at surface (to snub
against) or well pressures
downhole (risk of collapse) are too
high for a Coiled Tubing
workstring

Greater diameter (3.5 inch OD or

over) are required (e.g. for
circulation capacities)

Rotating capacity required (under

well pressure)

Higher strength/operating
capabilities are required to
accomplish as specific task