(aa) Desig formulas for bor girders. ‘The shove formulas can be sunmarlted a flows fy ATe-t 5 33h) aL Gqe-mee] anus whore 1 pore wosionl moment ‘AT ep of pare trronal moment Impzineensity of aniformlydisbatod tore Ge ai, Pe terion constant ‘5 apacng of web pate th of box enter a fu tyathleknes of top and bottom Bange lates repecively tun thicnes of wet plate F=f, mare surrounded fy thin-walled plates tance from AT to point of intrest ‘indirection of gieder aia ean) Wi heen tte: peter A,bh<2s (2816850) ttm BJh>15 (2.460) pattem 4.8)h-<28 (28.5) pattem Bbh>15 (2.8) tio A,bfh<2s (29.460) otters B8)h> 18 (23187) =20 pattern A.b)h<25 (2B) re50 pattem B.4/h>15 (2.458) [Nota hat pattrns A and B overlap in tho casa where bh = 1. to 2. } i j i seria Glee en oT Ey paw (2316) ere the atonal pram yay ae evn br » och e2sane net 21s 24 Distortion ‘When a box girder having ssymeti coe seton i abcd a ‘tcl dsttbuted Ine p with an cecntricty from the centerline st {he rove aection the applied frca can ha tel nai nen trl faee p and torsional force m =pe. The lrsonal force wl be tivitel into pute freon end ditoran, ax shown in Fig. ead ‘respectively. This lofuced stress can bviouty be ead by (a PAE gta ae a Aonemethods for exur and pure terson baw a dy been cused the method for analpingdatortional warring is Trsely deta here "igure 233 shows the cross seston ofa box girder under consider. hese a breadth of brace, fg thekness of wa pte tutioilekness of top and ttom dange plate respectively (28 +8) ~crossactional asa of top ‘ange late (248) ‘Av=td\=cromsecionl ares of wil plate (2415) Aint croaszectional re of bttom Hanae piste ate) * Furthermore, the rectangular cordate ance (x32) at taken at le distorionl center 0, and te cuvinea sowtinate ets 3 ‘opted long the perimeter of cou section, se shown n Fg 20, “The cro section ofthe bo girder wil df nad profce the sogular distortion © at each corner of he box section as show eee Crm ton oe Fig, 284 duc to the distotional forces (Pig. 2822). This angalar die tortion @ is daned bythe followieg geametcc relationships ; ean ‘ori thatthe displacement v and w i the ersction ofthe wnt coordinate aes having ther origin athe contr of dtrtion Dy ae Joa. Furtierar, the derivative of the angler datorton ®” = {10fdwilsaathe placement inthe direction of be scour {ss ain Fg. 284, analogou to te defition af rional mang ‘ony. Theretore, neyo! ey where Ie defined a he warping function du to the dstorton. Ror the cove where the dgplacement ae rtrine, normal od searing "tus will occur in tho bor section Then the corroding seat "estan cone dfied st shown in able 217 anda Pig 25 Note ‘hat thas are eimai dfnition to the tortonal warping dary. 242 Derention of he fundamental agutin for dtotion (0) Displacement due to aatorion. Let the daplacenent compo Bona v and wn he directions of he andy coo axe mith ‘reac othe ditortonal enter D sa bn wc be denoted oyepreentative smal Prom this simpleton, te normal tain ¢ fd the shenring stein can be cxprated ea, ccoring t the Aisdamental hry of easy by ‘Neral strain (24) ‘Shearing tain 2a Nore, the following vo approximate assumptions ae introduced to Astormin he dopacement functions u and The fa aasumpeon s ‘ha the shearing stein ys considered tobe infntenaal ey ‘The tcondmsumption ie that the placement canbe septate into two variable ed wetten asthe prot ofthe angular ditorton 13) spd the erpenticuar distance ri) from the ditortona enter ct 9) 80) 49 Acorn, the substitution of Bg (246) nto He (2-448) and Ba, coaaynives Z roc) = x22 ean ‘Te ntogation of By (247) by the porinater coordinates reduces £2/-[avaec] he Caan intaraton constant. The distortion warping fonction (Duo can thar be denoted 8) eas) wi =-[ineree ou commen (48 sn avo © om eprint a ren ‘Sbsituting Bq (2410) nto Ba. (240, we ase tat the daoeionl seeping see can be given by Hook a au, 52, i Bea BE, ea ere Fis Younes modulus Since the dtortion dose not pede any ‘tonal ena farce Vor bending moments Mand te flowing ‘qualons must be sabe Bem [oneal ear arf, emydA=0 (aar2 eam wf, ened ad Substitution of as. (249) and (241) oto a, (2.412 daria {he dstrbution ofthe dstortinal warping fonction op The shows InFlg. 285 Tho value of oy at comer points 2 ad 9 an easly be derived br (2436) ears) (10 ane° Ll gael = hare parameter fi AG sani IA, ee ean , Not the enn nary U, duo othe ditortonal warping see Coe canbe found iret frm By (2410) 3 [ [mae [iGo By ns the erate nog sion oy shown in i 2 the distortional warping constant Zp, can be rationally defined. a eas) ne[ote-gipiteaien cus Com, 41 rc ante 8) a sin coy names Mos de be dortion wil, maeoe, be lenatd by the flowing equation, analogous to the ditions tovel ope in tho tesionel warping theory ve Moy = Bins £8 (2418) ‘ram the above equation, Ba. (241) cnn be renin jn the same {om ss the torional warping theory Thus eu (2). Shesrng sree andthe corresponding sin energy. The shou {ng stone reduced bythe diferonce ib the normal sts the eal flrction of the box girder. An equim contion fr the aia Aivecton ofthe all wloment de canbe exposed by has eum ‘Subettatng Ba (2430 ito Bg(24.20, we define the shot ow dn dur tothe dirtartion ae Soe ae anata =F Toy eazy In which Tp, ia the torsional manent de to distortion, dfn by ze ou fan Spa he Sam [ots +6.-Sae4 Ce (2433) ‘etngrn a nyt my Remmnrmranen aie reece nofearao us ‘Subatction of Bg. (24.22) and (2.428) into (2.428 gives ea) ‘Tho ial dageay of Sib shown in Fig. 287{ i eget, hermetic met with a = RSet Bests f thee sts fos du th nob and ange pees wil erro etc foe Ven etna eee Forte oblate Yaffe [oe Yeates er 429 (Hae an aaa thebot ston as lusteated in Fig 28H Thus, the sgl diario ct ‘angular dvtortion ©, hinges are inacrend teach corer of the bon Unit niente A= 1 eo applied to there points a Showa in Fig. 288 “The angulse distortion © can therehy be vata by applying the principle fren work (e425) where am) and Ko is the iffoen of the box section against the distortion. Also sete by ahh + + 1 i SMa enna 48) ls scroscoctional parameter, and yf, ao J a the geomecic ‘moments nari for the op web, and btm pte seen eae. Ueland are gives by eam) aaawhore is Poisson's ata The sri ney U, de to the shoring ‘er con thereto be chained slo [rac aet ora (4) Work due ton external fr ree. The distortion force y nd dy slong tho unit eng ofthe reside ection are own nig ak igre 200) toad Ge Eat se ‘The magnitude of thane forces an be tins eal by using Beds femal aynah ae (243%) aun ah =e cess) Since the dlstortional displacements corresponding to there foros se llstratd in ig 2880, the work done y Gstorinal foes ca ‘hvioaly be evluntd a fllowe Men [tri eee --[F(C ; = ae (2436) However the tam in paenthess af the above equation i nothing ut angus distortion ©, we previously dined hy (283) Accord i, Ba (2435) canbe vilified to van [Fou (2485)(8) The fundamental itteranta! equation for datorton. By aun: ‘ng By (215, (240) and (249, the tll pooner H "TEE (Oh ot fou [ tou aan Now, condition, which makes the total potential energy ft amin swam, canbe writen by tea fhe variate sla a stig [£24(L2) deka [oso ['"r0e -[was'2)] - [ea 28522) +[(sno-M)soae tse trasos (tn ae nedea e499 ‘The boundary conditions a bth ends a= hr giver can be found, as shown in Tale 218, uw) guation (24.9 is sila tothe oguation describing the defection ofa beam on a slantic foundation with denaral Pdty E.tting Ferd opty a nnn se, ‘erator, thi theory i fared to the Bran-on lant foundation (BE) eno. ‘Nay, he gsr ubjcad othe datortionl force y/o Fig. 2a andl latclly supported not only by the slate foundation ‘nth alfaces Kyo at oft in, B3.(2430, bul leo by the da Throgs with ies Ko, an we can ator Te the fundamental dieontal ation for tortion ie ©, gg tm (aay ee it eae) ‘Asan expla voltion fo the dstotional ange © in the cane of noni distrib Tod mt ean be wate = A sin sinh a + Bein i cosh e + Coon ih n+ Dew dscobie + ME 240) ooo | o i ogee z in Orn Stace So