Tutorial Forces of Attractions

Due on Thursday February 9, 2017

1. The boiling points of three gases ammonia, hydrogen chloride and carbon dioxide are given
in the table below:

Gas Mr b.p/0C
Ammonia 17 -33
Hydrogen chloride 36.5 -85
Carbon dioxide 44 -78

a) Describe both the intramolecular and intermolecular bonding in each of the above
compounds, relating the bonding to the boiling point where appropriate. [6 marks]
b) Illustrate the intermolecular bonding present in ammonia and hydrogen chloride [2 marks]
c) Use a dot-and-cross diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in the CO2 molecule
[2 mark]

2. a) State the principle of the VSEPR theory [2 marks]

b) Discuss and explain the shapes of four fluorides BF3, CF4, NF3 and SF6. Explain the
shapes they adopt based on the VSEPR theory. Bond angles should be included in the
discussion. [8 marks]

3. For each of the following, give reasons to support your answers.

a) Which of the following substances is most likely to exist as a crystalline solid at room
temperature? HCl or FeCl2 [2 marks]
b) Which of the following gases, which would be the hardest to condense to a liquid under
pressure? NH3 or Ne [2 marks]
c) Which of the following is expected to have the highest boiling point?
i). HCl or HF
ii). Ar or Ne
iii). Br2 or N2 [6 marks]