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3, JUNE 2009
has large capacity and can generate constant power for a long
H YDROGEN plays an important role, since it reacts with
oxygen to form water and to produce electric power
through fuel cell (FC) without exhausting and thereby
time. Therefore, the combination of SMES with
satisfy various electric power demands. In recent years, wind
can
it is friendly to global environment. Liquid hydrogen turbines and PV cells using renewable energy sources have been
storage system is one of the most promising systems among intensively developed because of global environmental protec-
other storage systems such as compressed gas hydrogen tion. However, since wind speed and solar radiation fluctuate
or storing in metal hydrides because of high volumetric density. quickly or largely, it is difficult to ensure a stable supply of
is available for a coolant of magnesium diboride power. The power system generated by stochastic renewable en-
and high temperature superconductors (HTS). It was found that ergies has been studied in [5], [6]. The micro grid with SMES
stability of BSCCO-type HTS coils in against disturbances and systems can compensate the fluctuation from the
is higher than that in the liquid helium [1]. The system com- renewable energy sources and can maintain the power quality
bined with and superconducting (SC) equipment allows [7], and hence the renewable energies are got rid of installation
SC machines to operate at high efficiency and the to store limit.
a large amount of energy in compact space [2][4]. In this paper, we propose DC micro grid system with SMES
While the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) and , and investigate how the micro grid system absorbs
can instantaneously deliver large power, it has a weak point for a the electric power fluctuation from the wind turbine generator
long term operation. On the other hand, The FC and system system (WT) for the power quality. In addition, we study SMES
adequate capacity under general power supply from the wind
farm and general power demand in Japan.
Manuscript received August 19, 2008. First published June 05, 2009; current
version published July 15, 2009. This work was supported by the Japan Society II. DC MICRO GRID MODELING
for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).
The authors are with the Department of Electrical and Communication The schematic of -SC DC micro grid is shown in Fig. 1. It
Engineering, Graduate School, Tohoku University, 6-6-05 Aramakiaza is composed of the renewable energy power modules, the power
Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan (e-mail: tmnr-n@ecei. converter modules, the water electrolyser plants, the hydrogen
tohoku.ac.jp; gaiya@ecei.tohoku.ac.jp; tsuda@ecei.tohoku.ac.jp; hamajima@
ecei.tohoku.ac.jp). liquefier plants, storage thermal insulation tanks, ,
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018743 and the purified water tanks, the superconducting applications
1051-8223/$25.00 2009 IEEE
NAKAYAMA et al.: HEATER TRIGGERED SWITCH FOR HIGH-Tc POWER SUPPLY IN HELIUM CONDITIONS 2063
TABLE I TABLE II
PARAMETERS OF HTS SMES SPECIFICATION OF FC SYSTEM
IV. CONCLUSION
DC micro grid combined with superconducting modules such
as cable and SMES, and liquid hydrogen can supply stable elec-
Fig. 5. Example output power of wind turbines generators from the wind farm tric power in order to balance the power demand with the power
and general load for 24 hours in Japan. supply. Since the dual energy transmission system has low loss
rate 1.3%, liquid hydrogen and SC equipments such as SMES
and DCSC cable are useful. It is not necessary to install SMES
more than some capacity on assumed the micro grid in this
paper. It is found this micro grid can be operated at stand-alone
system.
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