KNEE LIGAMENT TEAR
Medial collateral ligament
Mechanism:
Force from the lateral side,
knee become valgus and
open knee joint in the
medial side.
Unhappy triad:
Tear medial ligament,
medial meniscus, acl tear
Clin:
Patient feel give away ini
knee at the moment of
injury, joint fill with
blood.
Painful, tenderness, knee
abduction aggravate pain
Rx: stress radiograph
Tx: partial tear : aspiration
of hemarthrosis,
immmobilizatoin of
Lateral collateral ligament
Less common.
Traction injury of peroneal
nerve is a frequent
complication
Anterior cruciate ligament
Tibia is driven forward on the
femur
Knee joint suddenly
hyperextended
Examination:
Anterior drawer sign
(flexed knee is unstable when
tibia is pulled forward)
Lateral pivot shift
( when flexed knee is extended &
tibia is int. rotated, the lateral
tibia plateau subluxate anteriorly
Tx:
Isolated cruciate ligament ruptur:
Strong quadriceps & hamstring
Posterior cruciate ligament
Tibia is driven backward on the
femur
Posterior drawer sign
Flexed knee is unstable when tibia
is pushed backward
Traumatic dislocation of knee
Tear of all 4 major ligament
Mechanism:
Extremely severe injury to the
knee, such as automobile
accident
Urgent reduction
Surgical repair of major ligament
extended knee in cast 6 stabilize knee
weeks For athlete: surgical repair
Complete tear:
Elder: immobilization
Young person : surgical
repair
Complication: Injury to popliteal artery risk
Residual knee instability of distal gangrene
Knee stiffness Medial & lateral popliteal nerve
calcification injury