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/Fe
3
O
4
Composite. Fe
3
O
4
.6H
2
O and 2 g FeCl
2
.4H
2
)
2
SO
4
O
4
/TiO
2
,
namely: Fe
3
O
4
/TiO
2
(1:0.5); Fe
3
O
4
/TiO
2
(1:1) and Fe
3
O
4
/TiO
2
O
4
, TiO
2
and Fe
3
O
4
/TiO
2
composite.
The peaks of Fe
3
O
4
O
4
being used (Aldrich) revealed the occurrence of anatase phase (JCPDF File no. 21-
Advanced Materials Research Vol. 626 133
1272) and rutil phase (JCPDF file no. 21- 1276), this is agree with the composition given
by the manufacturer. The peaks of Fe
3
A
A
O
4
, TiO
2
O
4
/TiO
2 composite was still clearly observed. It is
indicated that there were no phase change of TiO
2
TiO2 Aldrich Fe3O4/TiO2 (1:2)
R
Fe3O4/TiO2 (1 : 1) Fe3O4/TiO2 (1 : 0,5) Fe3O4
in the diffractogram.
The magnetic properties of prepared Fe
3
A
A
A
A
R
R
R
A
O
4
and Fe
3
O
4
/TiO
2
O
4
, Fe
3
O
4
/TiO
2
( A = anatase, R = rutil).
-50
= (H
C,+
+ |H
C,-
, TiO
2 and composite Fe
3
O
4
/TiO
2
O
4 and TiO
2
were less then 100 nm. While more bigger agglomeration was observed in
O
4
/TiO
2
composite (mixing of Fe
3
O
4
and TiO
2
O
4
/TiO
2
O
4
/TiO
2
composite shows elemental peaks which confirm the presence of titanium and iron in
the composite. As is expected, the higher fraction of TiO
2
/TiO
2 (1 : 2) Saturation magnetization [emu/gr]
43.4 27.8 21.5 15.4
Coercivity [Oe] 61.5 68.3 73.1 70.6 Remanent magnetization [emu/gr]
8.03 5.96 4.90 3.36
BET [m2/g] NA 91.35 63.45 56.54
Fe
3
O
4
/TiO
2
(1 : 0.5)
0.5 m
Fe
3
O
4
/TiO
2
(1 : 1)
0.5 m
Fe
3
O
4
/TiO
2
(1 : 2)
O
4
, TiO
2
and Fe
3
O
4
/TiO
2
.
Fe
3
O
4
TiO
2
Fe
3
O
4
/TiO
2
Fe
3
0.5 m
0.5 m
0.5 m
O
4
O Fe
3
4
/TiO
2 (1 : 0.5)
Fig. 4. Energy dispersive spectra (EDS) spectra of Fe
3
O
4
/TiO
2
composites.
O Fe
3
4
/TiO
2 (1 : 1)
FeKa TiKa
TiKa
FeKa
TiKa
FeKa
Fe
3
O
4
Advanced Materials Research Vol. 626 135
According to literature raman spectrum of TiO
2 frequencies anatase has peaks at the
of 143 cm
-1
(Eg), 196 cm
-1 (E
g
TiO2 Fe3O4/TiO2 (1 : 2) Fe3O4/TiO2 (1 : 1) Fe3O4/TiO2 (1 : 0.5) Iron Oxide
), cm the -1
frequencies (E
396 g
) cm-1 [17] and (B of 1g
145 TiO ), 514 cm-1 2
cm- 1 (A
1g
), 637
(E
g
), dan 612 cm
-1
(B
1g
was combined with iron oxide, the peak spectrum from anatase and rutil
phase was found weaker with the decrease of TiO
2
fraction in composite. While, the spectrum of the iron oxide showed peaks at
cm-1 frequencies of at 229 cm
-1
(A
1g
), 249
cm
-1
(E (A g
1g ), ), 295 615 cm-1 cm
-1 (E
(E g
), g
414 ) cm-1 (e
g
), 500 which indicated the occurrence of hematite phase. The use of a strongly focused
laser during raman spectroscopy measurement can causes a temperature increasing of
several hundreds degrees, resulting in a change of magnetite into hematite [19], may
responsible for this observation.
Photocatalytic activity of the prepared samples was evaluated by measuring the
degradation rate of methylene blue under UV and sunlight irradiation. Fig. 6 shows the
results of methylene blue degradation with irradiation time under UV irradiation in the
presence of different samples. On curve of non-catalyst, methylene blue was eliminated
slightly through photolysis process under UV irradiation. While Fe
3
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Wavenumber [cm-1]
is regarded as the only material that has high photocatalytic degradation activity of
methylene blue, within the first 1 hour of UV irradiation about 12.2 % of methylene blue
remained and by the end of the processes (6 hours) less than 5.6% of methylene blue
remained. The photocatalytic activity of Fe
3
O
4
/TiO
2
composite was found lower than that of pure TiO
2
ca
n be transferred into Fe
3
O
4
phase because of its lower lying conduction band and upper lying valence
band [23]. To improve the catalytic activity of the Fe
3
O
4
/TiO
2
between Fe
3
O
4
and TiO
2 materials to prevent photodissolution.
Among composites, photocatalytic activity of Fe
3
O
4
/TiO
2
O
4
/TiO
2 (1:1) was almost same with Fe
3
O
4
/TiO
2 (1:2), although the fraction of TiO
2
in Fe
3
O
4
/TiO
2
O
4
/TiO
2
O
4
/TiO
2
O
4
/TiO
2 (1:2) photocatalysts
under sunlight irradiation.
(Tabel 1), may be responsible for this observation.
Fig. 7 shows the results of methylene blue degradation with irradiation time under
sunlight in the presence of different photocatalyst materials. Photocatalytic activity of
prepared sample under sunlight irradiation was higher than under UV irradiation
because the light intensity of sunlight was higher than that of UV being used in these
experiments. Intensity of light was proportional to the rate of reaction that confirms the
photo-induced nature of the activation of the catalytic process, with the participating of
photo-induced electrical charges (electrons and holes) to the reaction mechanism [24].
Summary
Fe
3
O
4
/TiO
2
O
4
O
4
/TiO
2
O
4
/TiO
2
Composites by Heteroagglomeration
10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.626.131
DOI References [3] R. Andreozzi, V. Caprio, A. Insola, R. Marotta: Catal. Today Vol. 53 (1999),
p.51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5861(99)00102-9 [4] C.H. Ao, S.C. Lee: Chem. Eng. Sci.
Vol. 60 (2005), p.103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.01.073