CHAPTER 4

DESIGN OF ICE STORAGE EVAPORATOR

Design Condition:

Storage load 5.17 kW

Evaporator Bare tube

No. of units to be installed 1 unit

Material Steel pipe

Piping system Header type

No. of circuits, NC 2 circuit

Over all Coefficient of heat transfer, UO 14.19

W/m20C

Temperature of brine entering, TBin -12 0C

Temperature of brine leaving, TBout -90C

Brine velocity, VB 1.52 m/sec

Brine composition 23 % NaCl

Note:

In this design, three units of header type evaporator coils with equal capacity will
be designed for the whole storage. Each unit is composed of five circuits; the brine is
circulated by means of a brine pump and the load being carried by each freezing tank.

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Mass of brine circulated, MB

Q S M B C PB TB

Where:

Qs = Ice storage load, 5.17 kWthermal

MB = Mass flow rate of Brine, m3/min

CpB = Specific heat of Brine

Specific heat of Brine, Cpb

From table 11-4 Properties of pure sodium chloride brine by Roy j. Dossat, page 236

Weight /ft3
Pure NaCl Specific Baume Specific heat Crystalization
(brine
% gravity density (btu/lb 0F) 0
F
lb/ft3)
23 1.175 21.7 0.796 -6

12 9
2

10.5 0 C 13.10 F
From the table, at Tave = and 23% NaCl the
following data were obtained.

CPB = 0.796 Btu/lb oF or 3.33 KJ/Kg oK

SgB = 1.175

Freezing Point = -6oF or -21.11oC

Therefore:

kJ
5.17
QS Sec
MB
C PB TB kJ

3.33 0
3o K
Kg K

kg
M B 0.518
sec

30
 QB
For volume flow rate of brine,

mB m mB
B ; QB B
QB B w SGB

Therefore:

kg
0.518
sec m3
QB 0.00044
kg sec
1000 x1.175
m3

Brine Piping

In brine piping, nothing is to be gained by long coils. The velocity should be

great enough to avoid viscous flow, and the rise of temperature should be kept less than 5
o
F(30 C). With values of U of 1 to 2 Btu/ft 2oF (11.36 14.19 W/m2 oC) it is easy to
calculate the minimum rate of the brine flow. As a rule the brine velocity should be less
than 5 fps from the consideration of friction involved.

- Mc Intire and Hutchinson,Refrigeration Engineering, page 511

Size of Evaporator Pipe

( ID ) 2 B
QB A B
4

Brine velocities of 5 to 8 fps (1.52 2.439 m/sec) are allowed unless the pipe
circuit is too long.

- By Roy j. Dossat Principles of Refrigeration page, 322

For minimum brine velocity of 5 ft/sec (1.52 m/sec) the pipe diameter is equal to,

4 0.00044
ID 0.01913 m or 19.13 mm
1.52

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 From Refrigeration and Air Conditioning by Stocker and Jones, page, 136, for
standard pipe sizes.

Use 20 mm NPS, schedule 40, ID = 20.93 mm, OD = 26.67 mm.

Length of evaporator pipe, LP

QS U o Ae T U o (ODT ) ( LP ) ( TB )

Where:

Qs = Ice storage load, 5.17 kWthermal

w
14.19 2.o
m C
Uo = overall coefficient of heat transfer,

Ae = Heat transfer Area of Evaporator, m2

T = Change in Brine temperature, 30C

ODT = Outside diameter of evaporator tube, 26.67 mm

Therefore:

Q5
LP
U o ODT TB

5.17 kW
LP
kW

0.01419 2 0 0.02667 m 3 C
m . C
0

1,449.485
LP 290 m
5

Brine piping circuits

The brine evaporator piping is designed for three pipe header type system. The
overall length of evaporator pipe is divided into 2 circuits to avoid excessive frictional
losses.

Length of pipe per circuit, Lp/C

32
 LP 290 m
LP / C 145 m
NC 2

Length of Pipe per Pass, Lp/pass

From table 20.4, Steel Pipe Bends, Hairpins and Coils Limiting dimensions,
Refrigeration Engineering by McIntire & Hutchinson, page 513.

Bend diameter for standard 20 mm (3/4 in.) NPS pipe is equal to 3 in.
Therefore the equivalent length of pipe bend is equal to:

D 3.5 in.
LPB 5.49 in. or 0.14 m
2 2

Therefore, the total length of pipe per pass in the circuit is equal to:

LP / pass Straight pipe Pipe Bend 6m 0.14 6.14m

Number of Pass per Circuit, Np/C

LP / C 145 m
NP / C 21 pass / circuit
LP / pass 6.64 m

Say use 22 pass/circuit.

Headers

In this design since the system is designed for two pipe system, the supply header
is the same as the discharge or return header.

( ID ) 2 B
N C QB A B
4

Where:

NC = No. of Circuit supplied

QB = Volume flow rate of Brine, 0.00044 m3/sec

33
 B
= Velocity of in the brine circuit, 1.52 m/sec

From brine tank to TEE of Circuit No.1, 2 Circuits supplied

4 0.00044 2
ID 0.02615 m or 26.15mm
1.52

From Dimension of steel pipe By Stocker and Jones, pages, 136

Use 25 mm NPS, schedule 40, ID = 26.64 mm, OD = 33.40 mm.

From TEE of Circuit No.1 to TEE of Circuit No.2, 1 Circuits supplied

4 0.000441
ID 0.0192 m or 19.2 mm
1.52

From Dimension of steel pipe By Stocker and Jones, pages, 136

Use 20 mm NPS, schedule 40, ID = 20.93 mm, OD = 26.67 mm.

SPECIFICATIONS

Ice Storage Evaporator

Capacity.. 1.47 TOR

s to install 1 units
No. of unit

Material ... Steel pipe

Type Bare tube

Total Length of pipe, LP 290 m

34
Pipe size 20 mm NPS

ID 20.93 mm

OD 26.67 mm

Schedule 40

Pipe size 25 mm NPS

ID 26.64 mm

OD 33.40 mm

Schedule 40

Piping System Header type

No. of Circuits, NC 2 Circuits

No. of Pass per Circuit, Npass/C 22 pass

Length of Pipe per Pass, LP/pass 6.64 m

35