CHAPTER 3

DESIGN OF ICE STORAGE

Design Condition:

Storage temperature -9 0C

Outside air temperature 340C

Temperature of product ice -9 0C

Method of cooling Brine cooling

Insulation ..Cork granulated

Support .Wood (Mahogany)

In this design, the designer opted to use the brine from the freezing tank to cool

the ice storage, provided that sufficient amount of brine will be circulated and the brine

level in the freezing tank will not drop from its normal level. Also, single ice storage will

be designed for the whole system.

The total load of the storage (QS) will be divided into two and to be added to the

product load of each freezing tank. This shall be carried by the compressor in each tank

and thus increasing the total refrigeration load; the capacity of the compressor,

evaporator, condenser and most of all, the mass flow rate of the refrigerant.

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 A brine pump will be used to circulate the brine inside the storage coils. One (1)

brine pump per freezing tank will be used.

Area of cold storage, AS

In most cases, ice storage capacity is never less than twice the daily rate of

production and more usually it is four or five times this value.

- http://www.Fao.Org/docrep/to713E/to713E06.Htm

Using the maximum ice storage capacity of five times of the daily ice making capacity,

we have

area of ice block

AS 5 production rate x
weight of ice per block

tons 1000 kg 2.205 lb lbs

Pr oduction rate 2.50 x x 5512.5
day ton kg day

Therefore,

50 in 2 per block
AS 5 5512.5 lbs x 41,666.67 in 2 26.88 m 2
33.075 lbs per block

Cold Storage Dimensions

The designer would like to proportion the storage dimensions equal to thrice the value of

lenght of freezing tank which is 6.6675 m.

Say use lenght = 6.75 m for allowance of the insulation thickness.

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Solving the Length of Cold Storage

As
Width =
Length

2
26.88 m
Width = = 3.98 m
6.75 m

Say use width= 4 m for allowance of the insulation thickness.

Height of the cold storage

The height of the ceiling from the floor is from 10 ft without sprinklers and 11 ft with
sprinklers.

http://www.Fao.Org/docrep/to713E/to713E06.Htm

Therefore, use height, H = 10 ft (3m)

Miscellaneous Losses, QM

Losses due to heat transmission within the walls, flooring, ceiling, Air Changes
and infiltration, workers or occupants and heat gain from lighting.

Heat Gain Load, Qh

From table 10-15, Heat Equivalent of Occupancy, Principles of Refrigeration by Roy

J. Dossat, page 113.

Cooler Heat equivalent/Person

temperature Btu/hr
o
F
20 1050
10 1200
0 1300
-10 1400

By Interpolation,

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 For storage temperature of 15oF ( -9oC) heat equivalent per person is equal to
1125 Btu/hr (329.74 watts).

Therefore, for four occupants,

329.74 watts
person
QH = 4 person

QH = 1378.96 Watts (Thermal)

Lighting Load, QL

The heat developed by lighting fixtures can be computed as follows:

Btu Service
QL wattage x 3.42 x
watt.hr day

Where:

Wattage = Power consumption of lights

6 x 60 watts fluorescent bulb

Service = 16 hrs /day

Therefore,

Btu hrs day

QL 360watts 2.42 16
Watt .hr day 24hrs

Btu
QL 820.8
hr

QL 240.58 wattsthermal

Heat transmitted through walls, Qw

AW T
Qw U o Aw T
RT

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Where: 114.3
38.11
Total Resistance, RT
88.9
1 x1 x2 x3 1
Rt
hao k1 k 2 k 3 hai

1 0.1143 0.0889 0.03811 1

Rt
6.1 1.8176 0.048 0.13 23

m 2 . 0C
Rt 2.42
watt

Area of the wall, Aw

Aw = 2 H (Ls+Ws) = 2 (3) (6.75+4)

Aw = 64.5 m2

Therefore,

Qw

64.5 m 34 9 C
2 o

m 2 .o C
2.42
W

Qw 1146.07 wattsthermal

Heat transmitted through bottom, QB

38.11

88.9
114.3

23
 Ab T
QB U o Ab T
RT

Where:

Total Resistance, RT

x1 x2 x3 1
Rt
k1 k 2 k 3 Fo

0.1143 0.0889 0.03811 1

Rt
1.8176 0.048 1.8176 23

m 2 . 0C
Rt 1.98
watt

Area of the flooring, Af

Af = Ls x Ws = 6.75 x 4 = 27 m2

Therefore,

QB
27 m 24 9 C 450watts
2 o

thermal
m 2 .o C
1.98
W

Heat transmitted through ceiling, Qc

Ac T
QC U o Ac T 6.35 mm
RT

Where:
88.9 mm
Total Resistance, RT
38.1 mm
1 x x x 1
Rt 1 2 3
f i k1 k 2 k 3 f o

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 1 0.00635 0.0889 0.0381 1
Rt
6.1 0.12 0.048 0.13 23

m 2 . 0C
Rt 2.695
watt

Area of the ceiling, AC

Ac = Af = 27 m2

Therefore,

QC
27 m 34 9 C 430.798 watts
2 o

thermal
m 2 .o C
2.695
W

Air Change Load, QAC

QAC = (Vi) (Ac) (FAC)

Where:

Vi = Inside Volume of the storage, m 3

AC = Air changes per 24 hr

FAC = Air changes Factor, Btu/ 24 hr

Inside Volume, Vi

Vi= Li x Wi x Hi

Where:

Li = Length of Storage (inside) = 6.75 m

Wi = Width of Storage (inside) = 4 m

Hi = Height of storage (inside) = 3 m

Therefore,

Vi = (3 x 4 x 6.75)

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 Vi = 81 m3 = (2,858.29 ft3)

Air Changes, AC

From table 10-8B, Average air changes for storage rooms below 32 oF (0oC) due to door
opening and infiltration , Principles of Refrigeration by Roy J. Dossat, Page 182.

Air changes per

Volume
24 hr
2000 12

3000 9.5

By interpolation, Air Changes per 24 hr of 81 m3 (2,858.29 ft3) room is 9.85.

Air Change Factor, FAC

From table 10-7B, Btu/ft3 removed in cooling storage condition below 32 oF

o
(0 C), Principles of Refrigeration by Roy J. Dossat, Page 181.
Storage Inlet air Temperature 90 0F to
temperature 1000F (32.2 0C t0 37.778 0F )
o o
F/ C Inlet air Relative Humidity, %
60 60
-5 3.69 4.57
-9
-10 3.85 4.74

For 32 0C inlet air and 60%, RH, at storage temperature of -9 oC, air change factor
is equal to 4.10216.

Therefore,

9.85 Btu
Q AC 2858.29 ft 3 x x 3.07 3
24hr ft

Q AC 3,590btu / hr 1052.2 watts

Total Miscellaneous Losses, QMT

QMT = QAC + QW + QB + QC + QH + QL
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 QMT = (1052.2 + 1146.07 + 450 + 430.798 + 1378.96 + 240.58) watts

QMT = 4,698.61 watts or 4.7 kWthermal

Also the cold storage evaporator cooling load is equal to,

QAC= QMT x factor of safety = 4.7 kWthermal x 1.10= 5.17 kW

Ice storage load, Qs

5.17kw
Qs 1.47TOR
3.517 kw / TOR

SPECIFICATIONS OF ICE STORAGE

No. of units to be installed. 1 unit.

Dimensions

Length ... 6.75 m

Width 4m

Height 3m

Area of Storage 27 m2

Wall compositions

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 Concrete ..... 114.3 mm

Insulation 88.9 mm

Wood 38.1 mm

Flooring compositions

Concrete 114.3 mm

Insulation 88.9 mm

Cement plaster 76.2 mm

Ceiling compositions

Wood 38.1 mm

Insulation 114.3 mm

Plywood 6.35 mm

Heat Gain Load, QH 1,378.96 W

Lighting Load, QL 240.58 W

Heat transmitted through walls, QW 1,146.07 W

Heat transmitted through Bottom, QB 450 W

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Heat transmitted through ceiling, QC 430.8 W

Air Change Load, QAC 1,052.2 W

Miscellaneous Load, QM 4,698.61 W

Safety Factor, N 10 % of QP

Ice Storage Load, QS 1.47 TOR

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