Napatsorn Supreyasunthorn

Keawalin Sirirattanaprasert
11-5
Blood type testing

Abstact:
This experiment was performed to test blood type and predict the genotype of each
person by mixing blood with antigen A, B, and AB and check the coagulation. If there is a
coagulation in which blood type, so that person is that bloodtype. If none of coagulation, it is
O blood type.

Intro:
Every person has different blood type, which are A, B, AB, and O as a result of
different alleles and genotype from parents. On Mendel studied, the pea plants have only two
alleles, it has only two phenotypes; however, human blood type has more than two alleles,
which consider to be multiple alleles. Meanwhile, there are more than two phenotypes
depends on dominant and recessive alleles that which one will show off. For blood type A, it
has A-antigen on red blood cell as well as people with blood type B will have only B-antigen.
For O and AB, which quite different from blood type A and B, AB has both A-antigen and
B-antigen and an O blood type have neither A-antigen nor B-antigen. Antibody or
immunoglobulins locates at white blood cell function for catch and protect foreign things that
come inside body included antigen. On the other hand, the antigen is a protein that lives in
red blood cell; Their role is to determine each person blood type, so that is why different
blood type mean different type of antigens. If people receive blood from others who has the
same type of antigen with his or her own antibody, blood will coagulate. For an example, If
one who is A blood type (has A antigen) gives ones blood to other who has B blood type, the
blood of that B blood type man will coagulate because B blood type has A antibody.
Therefore, blood type is one of the most important thing to notice because if we give wrong
blood type, it may causes people a death. In our experiment, we are testing how our blood
interacts with different antibodies, so we will know which blood type we have. If there is
coagulation in any blood type, it means that person has that blood type. If none of
coagulation, it means that person has O blood type. For the method, firstly, we draw four
circles, then will tip a finger and put a drop of blood in four circles. Next, we will put
different antibodies in three of circles, but not the another circle as it is a controller. After all
the method, we will observe how our blood reacts in different antibodies. Thus, we can know
the blood type and predict possible genotype of that person.

Material:
- 2 Microscope Slides
- Anti- A, B, -AB
- Markers
- Lancets
- Lancet Device
- Ethanol
 - Cotton ball
- 3 toothpicks

Method:
1. Draw two circles with 1 diameter each next to each other on each slide
2. Mark each circle=> control, anti-A, anti-B, and anti AB
3. Wait the instructor to use the lencet to puncture the tip of your finger
4. Put a single drop of blood in each circle
5. In control circle = dont put any antibody
6. Put each antibody in the circle according to the marked
7. Use toothpick to mix the blood and the antibody. Make sure you use different toothpick for
each type of blood
8. Wait for 10 seconds then observe result
9. Put the result in this table

Results:

Figure1 : a single drop of blood in each circle

Figure2 : mixed blood and antibody in A, AB, and B circle

Result table
State: Coagulation/ No Coagulation

Control No Coagulation

Anti-A No Coagulation

Anti-B No Coagulation

Anti-AB No Coagulation

There is none coagulation in any antibody, therefore, this is blood type O

Discussion:
Maples blood type is i i
Maples mother is i i
Maples father is i i

i i(O) i i(O)

i i(O) i i(O) i i(O)

i i(O) i i(O) i i(O)

100% i i = O blood type

The only possible genotype for Maple is i i because both of father and mother have
homozygous recessive alleles, i i. Since child gets alleles half percent from father and another
half from mother, and they both have i i, so child gets 100% chance to have the same ii
alleles as parents have. Maple has one younger sister and her sister has the same blood type
which is O also as explained above that Maples mom and dad are O blood type. As children
get what parent have, this is autosomal recessive if we write the pedigree chart. From the
punnett square, when maples mom and dad alleles crossed together, it shows that chance of
getting O blood type kids is 100% because it is homozygous that no other blood type can be
in their alleles, except if we look to Maples granparents whether they are heterozygouse to
other blood type or not. In the result of our experiment, every antibody was completely
combined with Maples blood with none of the coagulate due to the fact that O blood has
neither A-antigen nor B-antigen. Therefore, this experiment proof that blood type O has no
coagulation as Maples blood wouldnt coagulate with any antibody and from the calculation
part she got 100% chance to on;y get O blood type. Being O blood type person means that
Maple can transfuse her blood to whoever, A or B or AB, because O blood type consider to
be universal blood donor that has neither antigens A or B( has both antibodies A and B); O
blood type will not catch by any antibody because they dont have antigen, so whatever blood
type receive blood from O blood type person, their blood wouldnt coagulate. Unfortunately,
O blood type person cant receive any others blood type except O blood since O group has
both antibodies A and B. To conclude, O can only gives blood to others group but cant
except blood from any other group.

Conclusion: Maples blood type is O and her possible phenotype is only i i.

 References

Genes and Blood Type. (n.d.). Retrieved June 10, 2016, from
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/inheritance/blood/

Neil, D. O. (n.d.). ABO Blood Types. Retrieved May 26, 2016, from
http://anthro.palomar.edu/blood/ABO_system.htm

What Is a Blood Transfusion? (n.d.). Retrieved June 8, 2016, from

https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/bt