XC NH LC CNG CP TRONG THI CNG

CU VM DY TREO C THANH CNG

Trn Quc Bo *, C Vit Hng **, Nguyn Nh Qunh ***
*Ths, Tng Cng ty t vn thit k GTVT
**Ths, Khoa XD Cu ng, i hc xy dng
***Ks, Tng Cng ty t vn thit k GTVT

TM TT
Ni dung bi vit ny trnh by mt s vn v cc c im ca cu Vm dy treo ni
chung v cu vm dy treo dng li ni ring cng nh phng php xc nh lc cng cp
treo trong qu trnh thi cng. Qua cung cp nhng thng tin hu ch cho vic thit k v
thi cng cc cu vm c dy cp treo, ang dn ph bin Vit Nam hin nay.

1. GII THIU CHUNG CU VM C DY TREO

1.1 Loi A: Cu vm dy treo kiu c bn

Kt cu vm chu lc ch yu, lc y ngnag pht sinh c truyn trc tip
xung kt cu mng ti chn vm, v vy hiu ng dn di kt cu dm
mt ng xe chy c b qua. Kt cu vnh vm chu m men, lc ct v
lc dc. H dy treo chu lc ko tp trung do ti trng bn thn kt cu v
hot ti. Tc ng ca nhit s lm tng thm m men un trong dm.

Hnh 1.1. Loi A

 Hnh 1.2. Cu Nijmegen, H Lan

1.2 Loi B: cu vm dy treo c thanh cng kiu c bn

i vi loi ny, kt cu vnh vm vn l kt cu chu lc ch yu, nhng lc
ngang pht sinh ti chn vm c truyn trc tip vo dm mt cu ng vai
tr nh thanh cng thanh cng lin vi vnh vm. H dy treo chu lc ko
tp trung do ti trng bn thn kt cu v hot ti. Tc ng ca nhit s
khng lm tng thm m men un trong dm. Tuy nhin lc ko trong thanh
cng s gy ra dn di v nh hng n m men un trong vnh vm.

Hnh 1.3. Loi B

Hnh 1.4. Cu Hendrik-ido-ambacht, H Lan

1.3 Loi C: cu vm dy treo c thanh cng l dm cng
i vi loi kt cu ny, dm cng s chu m men un v lc dc gy ra
trong vm. Vnh vm t bn thn ch yu chu lc nn. Do kt cu dm
cng, h dy treo s chu lc ng u hn.

Hnh 1.5. Loi C

Hnh 1.6. Cu Culemborg, H Lan

Mc d c i cht khc bit v cu to nhng cc ng x kt cu ca 3 lai

trn l tng t nhau, ch yu ph thuc vo hnh dng ca h dy treo. Nu
cn c vo hnh dng dy treo th c th phn ra cc loi cu dy treo thng
ng v cu dy treo xin nh hnh sau.
 Hnh 1.7. Cc dng cu phn theo hnh dng dy treo

1.4 Cu vm dy treo dng li

Kt cu cu vm dy treo dng li (Network Arch Bridge - NAB) c c
k s ngi Na Uy, Per Tveit pht minh vo cui nhng nm 1950. ng nh
ngha NAB l cu vm vi cc dy treo xin ct nhau t nht hai ln.
Gii php kt cu ti u cho cu vm dy treo dng li vi khong cch cc
vnh vm khng qu ln l s dng thanh cng bng bn b tng d ng lc
dc mt phn. Thng thng bn mt cu b un ngang ln hn so vi un
dc. D ng lc mt phn s hn ch cc vt nt trong trong thanh cng b
tng (bn mt cu).
 Hnh 1.8. Cu Fehmarnsund,c

Hnh 1.9. Mt ct ngang bn mt cu BTCT

Cng ging nh cc loi cu vm c thanh cng khc, thanh cng lm vic
vi cc vng chu ko v nn. Khi tng chiu cao ng tn vm s lm gim
lc dc trong vnh vm qua lm gim khi lng thp kt cu. l yu
t thm m chnh quyt nh n gii hn ng tn vm. Hu ht lc ct
c sinh ra t cc b phn dy treo, ng vai tr nh nhng sn mng.
H dy treo dng li lm cho kt cu cu vm tr nn thanh mnh hn rt
nhiu, v chng lm vic nh h dn vi mmen un rt nh ti thanh cng v
vnh vm. So snh vi cc loi cu vm thng thng, cu vm dy treo
dng li vi thanh cng bng bn mt cu b tng c th thit kim c
mt na khi lng thp, tuy nhin gi thnh tnh trn mi tn thp li rt cao.

2. Phng php xc nh lc cng cp treo

c c tnh ti u trong thit k, k s thiets k phi gii quyt cc vn
sau:
1. Xc nh lc cng cp treo;
2. Xc nh c trnh t cng dy thch hp;
3. Kim sot ng sut trong qu trnh thi cng.
Do s cng ko c hn ch v phi tun theo cc yu cu ca tiu chun thit
k nn lc cng ko phi trong phm vi t 10 n 50% lc ko cc hn.
Trong phn ln cc trng hp, k s thit k phi xc nh v tin hnh mt
s tnh ton ti u ci thin trng thi ng sut bin dng ca kt cu.
Mi gii php c th khc nhau nhng vn phi m bo tnh hiu qu v
ng tin cy.
i vi cu vm dy treo c thanh cng vic xc nh lc cng trong cc cp
treo mi giai on thi cng xut pht t mc tiu gim thiu m men un
trong c thanh cng v vnh vm. thc hin iu ny thng s dng cc
phng trnh cn bng ni lc hay chuyn v theo phng php lc.
Lc cng cp xc nh thng qua phng trnh:
MS P B (1)

Trong :
M : Ma trn nh hng m men un do lc cng dy bng n v gy ra
ti mt ct tnh ton;
S : Vc t lc cng trong dy treo cn tm;
P : M men un do tnh ti gy ra ti mt ct tnh ton;
B : M men un mong mun ti mt ct tnh ton di tc dng ca tt
c cc ti trng.
Do mc tiu l cc mt ct tnh ton nhiu hn so vi s lng n l cc lc
cng dy treo, nn h phng trnh trn c th gii c bng cch s dng
php bin i trc giao:
M T MS M T P M T B (2)

Sau khi gii phng trnh (2) ta tm c vec t lc cng trong dy m ph

thuc vo nghim xp x vi vc t B l gi tr mc tiu m men cn tm.
V d sau y s trnh by cch thit lp ma trn nh hng v cc vec t M,
P, B vi s cu vm hai dy treo.
 Hnh 2.10. V tr nt, dy treo

Xc nh ma trn nh hng m men un do lc cng dy bng 1

m11 m12
m m22
21
M m31 m32

... ...
m121 m122

Hnh 2.11. M men un ti cc v tr do lc cng dy th nht bng n v

Xc nh m men un do tnh ti ti cc mt ct tnh ton

p1
p
2
P p3

...
p12

Hnh 2.12. M men un ti cc v tr do tnh ti

Xc nh mc tiu m men un B cn t c, v d nh m men vnh vm

bng khng, m men dm ch nh ca dm k trn gi n hi.
 b1
b
2
B b3

...
b12

Hnh 2.13. M men un ti cc v tr cn t c

Sau khi xc nh c vc t lc cng dy S tin hnh xc nh trng thi ng

sut bin dng ca kt cu trong giai on hon thin.
Vic tm c lc cng cp trong mi bc thi cng l mt qu trnh gii bi
ton ti u, tm c qu trnh thi cng thch hp ta c th dung phng
php th dn vi mt s im cn ch sau:
1. ng sut ban u trong dy (lc cng ban u) khng nh hn 10% cng
cc hn quy nh v cng khng c ln hn lc ln nht theo quy
nh ca cc tiu chun p dng i vi cp treo.
2. Trong cc bc thi cng, khng c dy no c ng sut nn v cng
khng ln hn 65% cng cc hn quy nh cp.
thc hin qu trnh phn tch trong giai on thi cng, chng ta c th
dng phng php phn tch thun v phng php ngc. Cc phng php
m hnh ha ny cho php xc lp c quan h gia trng thi kt cu giai
on bt k vi trng thi cui cng do chng l c s tnh ton iu
chnh trong qu trnh thi cng.
i khi cc dy treo c th c cng ko lm nhiu ln do yu cu ca gii
hn lc ko t. Khi lp t c th cng ko mt phn lc sau cng ko
n lc thit k cc bc thi cng tip sau.
Vn kim sot tnh chnh xc ca cc bc tnh ton cng rt quan trng
c bit l khi phi thc hin cc tnh ton ti u lm sao kt cu c tnh
ton c nhng ng x gn vi kt cu tht nht. Bng khng nhng s sai
khc s gy ra cc vn i vi kt cu cu khi s dng.
 S sai khc lc cng dy gia tnh ton l thuyt vi thc t khi thi cng c
th gii quyt bng bc cng vi chnh dy, t c trng thi mong
mun nht v m men cng nh vng.

3. p dng
Cu vm M Li c chiu di nhp 150m, chiu cao ng tn 30m, kt cu
dy treo dng li vi 17 cp dy i xng nhau.
Mc tiu t ra trong tnh lc cng dy treo m men trong dm ch v
vnh vm nh nht c th. Cu c tnh ton theo giai on thi cng, vi cc
bc cng ko cp treo nh di y:

Bc 1.Thi cng h dm, dng khung chng Bc 2. Dng khung chng N2, N4, lp
N1, N5, lp t on vnh vm s 1 t on vnh vm s 2

Bc 3. Dng khung chng N3, lp t on Bc 4. Sau khi lp t xong vnh vm,

vnh vm gia kch h khung chng N2, N3, N4

Bc 5. Cng cc cp dy AC17 Bc 6. Cng cc cp dy AC16

Bc 7. Cng cc cp dy AC15 Bc 8. Cng cc cp dy AC14

Bc 9. Cng cc cp dy AC13 Bc 10. Cng cc cp dy AC12

 Bc 11. Cng cc cp dy AC11 Bc 12. Cng cc cp dy AC10

Bc 13. Cng cc cp dy AC9 Bc 14. Cng cc cp dy AC8

Bc 15. Cng cc cp dy AC7 Bc 16. Cng cc cp dy AC6

Bc 17. Cng cc cp dy AC2 Bc 18. Cng cc cp dy AC1

Bc 19. Chuyn ra x lan bng ng ray Bc 20. Vn chuyn ra v tr bng x lan

Bc 22. Lp t on dm u vm, k
Bc 21. Dng h heavy lifting a vm vo
vm trn gi
v tr

Bc 23. D b h khung chng N1, N5 Bc 24. Cng cc cp dy AC5

Bc 25. Cng cc cp dy AC3 Bc 26. Cng cc cp dy AC4

Biu m men trong vm giai on hon thin cu.

Hnh 2.5 : S b tr dy treo (mt ng)

Hnh 2.6 : S b tr dy treo (mt bn)

 Bng gi tr lc cng dy treo trong qu trnh thi cng

Ni lc dy
Lc cng Bc
STT Dy treo (Dead load)
(KN) thi cng
(KN)
1 AC1 105.8431 Bc 18 414.50

2 AC2 69.1845 Bc 24 194.50

3 AC3 91.2214 Bc 25 362.50

4 AC4 41.2068 Bc 26 292.50

5 AC5 104.5074 Bc 17 371.00

6 AC6 27.7808 Bc 16 426.00

7 AC7 99.2999 Bc 15 325.50

8 AC8 26.7686 Bc 14 455.00

9 AC9 98.2854 Bc 13 340.00

10 AC10 36.2072 Bc 12 451.00

11 AC11 104.5181 Bc 11 345.00

12 AC12 53.4885 Bc 10 433.00

13 AC13 152.5865 Bc 9 356.50

14 AC14 129.6622 Bc 8 417.00

15 AC15 130.7250 Bc 7 360.00

16 AC16 119.4200 Bc 6 400.50

17 AC17 90.6000 Bc 5 380.00

4. Kt lun
Cc kt cu vi phn t cp i hi k s thit k c s ch nhiu hn trong
cng tc thit k v thi cng.
Ngy nay, nhn nhn trn quan im ton hc th vic phn tch loi kt cu
ny khng c tr ngi ln. Phng php c trnh by trn c th gii
quyt c bt k kiu m hnh vi phn t cp no k c kt cu cu dy
vng. Tuy nhin tr ngi ln nht l phi tnh ton mt khi lng d liu
 ln do phi thc hin qu trnh tnh lp.
Kt hp phn tch ti u v m phng thi cng, c th xc nh c trnh t
cng dy v lc cng dy trong tng giai on thi cng mt cch hp l,
phng php ny c hiu qu trong giai on thit k thi cng.
Cc kt qu phn tch cho thy, phng php ti u ha lc cng cp treo c
th ci thin c trng thi ng sut trong cc kt cu vm, c th thay i
cc hm mc tiu, v c th tnh ton c cc lc cng cp treo trong qu
trnh thi cng, phng php ny chng t nu c vn dng hp l s cho
chng ta nhng kt qu thit k nh mong mun.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Wan-heng Li, Jian-ming Lv, Jin-quan Zhang & Jian-yong Song, Optimization of cable
forces during cantilever construction for arch bridge
[2] Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2003, Design and Construction of Long Span
Concrete Arch Bridges-the 600m, Japan Society of Civil Engineers.
[3] Recommendations for Stay Cable Design, Testing and Installation, Post-Tensioning
Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 2000
[4] Per Tveit, The Design of Network Arches, The Structural Engineer, July 1996
[5] Per Tveit, Adjustment of hangers in network arches
[6] Dmitry Maslov, Maxim Pashkovski, Arch bridges with cable hangers