'1' H E A D V 0 CAT E (} FIN D U S TRY ANn E N '1' E R P R I S E,
VOLUME J.
THE
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN,
PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY !\TORN lNG, AT NO. 11
SPRUCE STREET, NEW YORK, NO. 16 STATE
STREET, BOSTOi'!, AND ]';0. 21
ARCADE,
PHILADELPHIA,
(THE PRINCIPAl, OFFICE BEING IN NEW YORK,)
By RUFUS PORTER.
Each number wiil be fUflli:';}II-.d with from two to five ori
ginal Engravings. m:tlly of them el'gaul. nn,l ilillst!'st'w of
New [1tveniions.Scifntific Pri"cipics, linn Curious fVorks;
and will c ont ain in addltioll. 1.0 tll( most inh?reting I1fW:;; of
pgsing event3, g:ene. ral not.kefi of the progl't.'. of 1('ehauic
,
arand other Scientific Illtp"ovemenlx; A meri cnn and Fo
reign Improvements and Invention.; Ca.talogtIA' of Ame';
can Patents; Scie ntific E.s!>),;, iIIu.trative of the priuciplos
of-the sciences of Mpchanic;;, Chemi.try Hnel Architectm'\,;
useful information and in str u ctio n in valions Art.g and
Trades; Curious Philosophical Experiment.; Milcellane
OUi, Intelligence, Music DUel I'oet ry.,
'rhi. paper is especially entith'd to the j'Rtl'Onnge of Me
chani. and Manufacture", being the only pap"r in Ameri
ca. devoted to the i nte re sts of th ose cla$es; bllt is particu
larly useful to f"rme .... '" it will not only apprise them of
improvemen ts in agricultural implements. lj)lt instruct them
in variouo mechanical tl'lldes, and guard them against impo
As a f"mi ly newsp"per, it will con more u,,
sitions.
fu l intelligenre to children and young people, thllll five Innes
its cost in school instruction. Another importa.nt argument
in favnur of this paper. is that it. will he worth two. dollars
at the end of the year when the volume i. complet, (Olel
volumes or the New Y 01'1,' Mechanic, being now wOrh
double the original cost, in c a.h. )
TEItMs.-The "Scientific American" will be furnished
to .ubscl'ibrs at $2,00 per annum,-one dollar in Hdvance,
and the balan ce in six months.
Five copies will be sent to one .Jdres" six mont h s for
,
four dollar. in advance.
Any person procuriqgtwo or more suhscri[,r . will be en
titled to a commission of 25 cenu each.
. .. ::
ft. Children-and Friends.
I. the st.oJ ef our bliss be in 8banger hlinds velted,
n. SWIlDIIIfll" GIllt aa ru ptcy ends j
)ank
atth;e.h.-n .ue,hill.; which are never prottsted,
W41ten drawn on the fiItl of-wife, children and friends.
flOulb stiU glows tn Iile's dying embers,
n. 4eao1mded tar, who his col&llrs defends1
Jjrop.a. tear If resret as he, dying remembers
,
Hcor Weat was (iiI home with-wife, children and is tot.) long and should be shortened, but the average
ead s.
iJj
The .olVier,whose deeds live immortal in story,
Whom duty to far distant l atitu de sends,
'With transport would barter whole ages of glory
For one happy day with-wile, childrejl. and friends.
The day-spring of youth, still unclouded by sorrow,
Alone on itself for enjoyment depends;
But drear is the twilight of age, if it borrow
No warmth from the smile of-wife, children, and
friends.
'Let the breath of renown ever freshen and nourish
The laurel which o'er the de ad favourite bends,
O'er me wave the willow, and long may it flourish,
Bedewed with the tears of-wife/ child ren and friends!
,
Attraction.
is a curious power,
Attraction
ThlU none can understand:
Its influence is every where
In water, air and land;
It keeps the earth compact and tight,
As though strong bolts were through it j
And, what is more m ysterious yet,
It binds us mortals to it.
You throw a stone up in the air,
And down it comes-kel'-whack !
TIle centrifugal casts it up
The centripetal-back.
My eyes! I cah't discover how
Olle obj ect 'tracts another;
Unless they love each other, like
A sister and a brotfier.
I know the compass a!wl..Ys points
Directly at the pole:
Some say the north star caUSes this,
And some 8ay-Symm's Hole!
Prehaps It does-prehaps it don't;
Prehaps ome other cause;
Keep on prehapsing-who can solve
Attraction's hidden laws 1
.A .t\y li:ghtR on a 'lasses cup
Attraction bids him woo It;
And, when he's in, attractlon kecps
, The chap 'from paddling through it.
drink,
At trac tion lures the sot to
To all his tr-oubles drown;
But when his legs give way, he falls,
And 'traction keeps him down.
Attraction is a curious power,
That none can understand:
Its infiuence is everywhere
In water, air nnd land_
It operates on every thing-
The sea, the tilies, the weather;
And somet1mes draws the sexes up,
And bindl them fut together.
- '
------. -
IMPROVED
There is, perhap s, no mechunical subject, in which improvement has advanced so rapidly, within the last ten years,8s that of railroad pas
s e ng er cars. Let any person contrast the awkward and uncouth cars of '35 with the s uperbly splendid long cars now ru n ning on several of the
eastern roads, a nd he will fiud it difficult to convey to a third party, a correct idea of the vast extent of improvement.
gant cars of this class, aud whicll Ilre of a ca p a c it y to accommodute from sixty to eighty passengers, and run with a steadiness hard ly equalled
by a Ilteamboat in stin water, afl manufactured by Davenport & Bridge, lit their establishment in Cambridgeport, Mass. The manufacturers
h.ave recently introduced a variety of excellent improvcmcnts ill the (:ollstruction of trucks, springs, and connections, which are calculated to
avoid atmpheJ'ic resistallce, secure safety alld cOllvenilIJ(:e, alld contribute ease anti comfort to passengers, while fiying at the r ate of 30 or 40
mile s per hour. We pu rpose to give a particular descriptioll of these improvemnts, accompanied with suitable engravingil, in our next number,
tbat our readers may be enabled to appreciate more fully the progTcss ot improvements in this im porta n t branch of mechanism.
------- ---- --------- _ .. ...__.. _...... . _-_.. . - -----_.. _-- ----- ------ ----
LO\V.:LL AS 1'1' WAS AND AS IT Is; By Rev.
.HENRY A. MU.ES, is a neat 18mo of 234 pages just
issued by Powers & Bagley,.Lowell. It is full of well that Itlay be seen at Soutl",ngton Centre, in
facts of general interest. 'Ve learn from it that the
Merrimac Company (whose dividends are so often
quoted) employs 1250 women, whose average cartl-
rnt.CeiV.
;ngs consiL;'erably e:f'ed $2 each pCI' wed, above t he
. cost pf theiroboard. 'l'hp. laboring men average 8i.>
ce .,.,r QilY"'above ttteir board: iifr)'-Hix oyerseers
$2-eaclt pllf. day. with occasion1 premiulIls.
[These are the-reduced waglls \"e hean,f..J
of licentious c(lnducl, but not one in a lundred is
are employed "Under fifteen years of age. No wo... jury the by-sla)lder, was 1M CQll8equence, aJld
man is retained a. day after she is known to 'Je g uilty. the as Iltil l cQntillues to IHIm. It is doubtless car
ever discharged for any such cause. 'Fhe ;werage
running time is 12 hours 10 minutcs per day, which
working tim of eacltharid 1 but ten huurs
half. In the Boott Mills '- a 'careful aecollllt of
working time has been-kept, al'ld it appeHrs that 111G
girls averaged 267 days each in a year and 10 hOllrs
8 mmu . tes per day, each b llIg
. pal. d aceOl' ,..I'Illg t a I ler
work, and all are paId III cash every 1II0nh -
not one farthing in store orden;, or barter of ny
kind. 'fhe average earnings of the women in all the
. ,$1 , 93 ' per wee,
I ud'mg nOVices, IS
.
c:actones,
' me
' .
,
sides their board. Many girls who have beeri school
e achers gladly take places in the mills, as the pay
s higher here and the work lighter though the
, "
h ours are I on gel'. N0 one IlUS It o a sIxpence 0 f .
her earnings in the Lowell factories since th.e first I
was started. 'fhe girls have about $100,000 in the
Savings Bank.
-Such is the condition of the Laboring Class in
the principal Manufacturing town in America.
Granted that it is not all it should be-that it might
and should be it'nproved-it is 'still tme that no
where else does a Laboring class of equal numbers
earn so much, year bY'year; no where else are they
so constantly employed, comfortably situated aud
'adequately rewarded. Let those whu would over
throw this state of things go to work <Iud bllild up
something better, or show how it may be. done.
Until they have some crude notions of this sort,
ought they not to. cease their incessant war!ilre Oil
American Manufactures 7-Tribune.
MAKING ARTICLES IN HOR!:<1.-'l'he handles 1'0),
knives, razors, and' other articles moulded in horn,
are thus made: 'rhe horn is first cut into appropri
ate pieces with the saw, and when heated, these are
prepared with a I,nife or spoke-shave, to the general
form and size required; after which the pieees are
pressed into moulds. An idea of the mould will he
conveyed by imagining two die s 01' piece s of metal,
parallel on their outer surfaces, and with a eavity
sunk entirely in the one, or partially in each, accor
ding to circumstances: it is made either straight,
curved, twisted, rounded, bevelled, &c., of it is en
graved with sQme devi<;e, according to the patle\'ll of
the work to be -produced. The prcssure is applied
to the dies by enclosing them ill a kind of clamp
made with a strong pair of nut crackers, but with a
powerful screw at the end 0 pposite to the joint; the
mould,dies, and hom, are dipped into boiling water
or a few minutes, <'Ind then serewed as fast as possi
ble immediately on rcmoving thc samf', and in
about twenty minutes the work is ready for finish
ing; some handles are made of two pieces joiner! to
gether .
A SIOKE FILTER FOR LocoMo'l'lvEs.-An in
vention, which promises to be one of great. utility,
has been recently made by Mr. .1. P. Dempfil, a
French gentleman, of much scientific talent.-The
invention consists of . . an attachment" to the chim
ney of a locomotive, dividing ,it by a part.ition in two
parts or pasages, upward and downward. with a fly
wheel at the bottom of the downward draft , and a
layer of gravel or sand underneath the wheel. The
top of the chimney is closed, and the smoke and
cinders pass upward through one passage to the top,
then descending through t.he other, (a strong
draught being made by the revolution of the fly
wheel, whieh is put in motion hy the stearn.) and
all the ref'u8e of the smok-e pipe is retained by the
grand filter,and the heated air again passes into the
furnaces.
AND .r 0 URN A. L 0 F M E C H NI CAL AND 0 THE RIM PRO V EM ENT S .
- --- .. ----- ----- -,---
NEW-YORK', THURSDAY, AUGUST 28, 1845.
RAIL-ROAD CAR
BURNING v;rELL.-A correspondent of the Cleve-
land Plain Dealer, gives an accoUnt of a burning
'rrumbull county, Ohio. The w>41 is 91 feet deep,
all but 24 feet through sand-stun.. , quick-sand and
hard rock, which the augur used for horing could
not penetrat... 'Vhen it was withdrawn, a peculiar
odm, acicompanied hy a rushing IlQ,.wd, was perceiv-
eO. SOpec'ftr.g' totte T 111 lfIlftlable gas,
Mr. \Vallllelllaller, the olVner of the well, lowered a by this new machine, which is also worked by hand, Hein'c .Prairie, \\> T., 0c:,. '.
None IIlP intu it. Al'iolf'nt explosiolJ, that Jid sOllie in as many as 2,000 of the former, and 20,000 of the
I
bnreued hydrogen.
,
J
' I"y, Ohil1, April 17.t-b.
N EW.l\. 1I.'l'fCIt; OF E XOR'f.-:- 'V e are t 0 Id t Imta
Yall!<ee broom maker. III 01110 hs, leased .sRle
alld a
tvelve hund red acres of bctttolll land on t I1Scloo
, ;
1'11''')', IIl'ar (.UllllllhIlS, nnd phlllle!! the enUre plt 11'1
IlI'Ilfltll COrti, wlt.h a vIew to export the crol to Eng- could discover his whereabout. It was very lIlflte
lalld, where hI' IIIt.euds t.tl proceed IUJIIselt, and en- rio us, he being a steady beast, and not subject to ton, Ky., Jan. 31st.
"ag" exfensi\'ely ill the lIlanllliJeturing of brooms, flights of fancy. However, he was ar. last found in
,.., .
ta(lng \'.. fh ' hll . " . the wood fur th haudles, and the ,the' Smith's shop, where he was wont to have his
l.naclllllelY 1181..'1 . fOI . the purpos(..
f trom tilt! A Illet'lcan b roo m corn are so much supel'l-'
I be-
or, or VanOllS . Ilses, to any t IlIhg
. to Ile 1la.
.
land, that they hve become, wltlllll
.
past, qUIte :1 favl'Ite III that c.oHmry and are now
exported tlllther III large quanlltIes.-E:r. paper.
EX'l'RAORDlNARY PHENOMt:NIlN.-The inhabit
ants of the village of Moulton were greatly astonish qJeriments. He has discovered that it assumes new
ed on Saturday last, at ohservinp; a dO'Tlsidcrable properties on beiJlg melted and poured into water,
quantity of hay (from a fielll where it was in cocks the metal becoming very malleable and soft, losing
for 'tacking) rise rapidly into the ail'.
not tIl!' slightest bree:w of wind perceptible at the'
tillle: however the hay contilJued to ascend until it'
I nplHlrently passed fhrougit thfl dOUds, which were
saili,lg high at th/) time. After tbe lapse of a few
I
lIlinntes it again apfwanllike a small black streak in
the cloudy vapour, whl're, it continlled to Conn'a
lIlost novel and extraordinary sight fill' ten or fifteen
millutes, when it gradually descended again to the.
ca rt.h.-Linconsilire Chronicle.
IMPROVEMENT IN OIU:GoN.-Already has a canal
been commenced arouucl the dangerOlis falls in the
ColumiJia river, at \Villamette, I)y Dr. McLauglin,
an American citizen. lts lengfll will be about half
a mile, palt of the way through a solid bed of pri
mitive rock, alltl the fall in the entire distance will
be ahout thirty-five feet. 'rhe projector expects to
complete the work in two ycr, at a cost of thirty
thollsand dollars. His charter, procured from the
Oregon Legislature is for twenty-one years. It is
said !.hat the improvement which will be effected in
the navigation of the Columbia, by this construction
of the ('aual will, of itself. fully reward the commu
ni!.y for the privilege conferred by the Legislature.
PORTRAI'1' PAI:'1TING,-A portrait painter in large
practiec might write a pretty hook on the vanity and
singularity of his sitters. A certnin man came to
Copely, and had himself, his wife and seven children
all ineludpd in a fiunily piece. .. It was but one
thing," said he, .. and that is the portrnit of my first
wife-for this one is my second." .. But," said the
artist, "she is dead you know, sir; what can I do 7
she is only to be admitted as all angeJ." "Oh, no!
not at all," answered the other; "she must come in
a" a w oma n- n o angels for me."
Thc portrait was
added, but some time elapsed b6fole the person came
back; when he returned, he had a stranger lady on
his arm, .. I must have anothfr cast of your hand,
Copely," he said; .. an accident befell my second
wif,,; this lady is my third, and'shc is corne to have
hH likeness included in the family picture." The
painter complied-the likeness was introduced-and
the husband' looked with a glance of satisfaction on
his three spouses. Not so the lady; she remonstra
ted; never ""as such a thing heard of--out her pred
I
ecessors I1It'st go. The artist painted them out'
I
accordingly, and had to bring an action at law to
obtain payment for the portraits which h8 had Obli-
terated.-Life of Cope/y, Family Library.
j!
1845 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
NUMBER I.
S. CATALOGUE OF AMERICAN PATENTS
ISSUED IN 1844 .
CLASS I.-Agriculture, including Inlltnlment.
,and Operatwns.
Bee Hives-Improvement in Bee Hives by Aaron
E. James, Point Pleasant, Va., Jan. 6th.
Do. Samuel & .1, D. Cope, Damascusville, Ohio,
Feh.8th,
Do. George B. West, Fairfield, Ohio. April 20th.
Do. James A. Cutting, Haverhill, N. H. June
24th.
Do. hcob D. Fulkerson, Unity; Ohio, July 1st,
Do. Oliver Reynolds, Webster, N. Y . . Dec. 4th.
Bee Palaces, Lemon Hamlin, Kirkersville, Ohio,
July 13th.
Improvement in .Churns-George 'V. Cook, St.
Louis, Mo., Feb. 28th.
Do. Harmess Bently, Ballston,N. Y., April 20th.
Do. Jason B. Schermerhorn, New York, JUDe
5th.
Do. Thomas Ling, Portland, Me., Aug. 21st.
Corn and Cane Cutters-Jacob Peck, Oakland,
Penn., Aug. 28th.
Com Fodder, Cutting and Clashing-Rudolph
Miller, York, Penn., Oct. 3d.
Corn-Sheller-William M.:AlI, Talladega, India
na,April 13th.
S o m e of the most ele Cultivator-Robert Nelson, West Point, Ia .. Jan.
15th.
.
Cultivator....William Dyzert, Gettysburg, Penn.,
Aug. 16th.
Cultivator Teeth-James Birdsall, Hamorton,
Penn., Nov. 9th.
Fruit-gatherer-Alexander Me Williams, Wash
ington, D. C. March 13th.
Harrow, sward-cutting-Dennis Rice, Rowe,
GREAT IMPROVEMENT IN LITHOGRAPHIC PRINT . Mass., May 17th.
JNG.-A ver y important improvement has been made Hulling Clover Machines-A. B. Crawfqrc1, Woo
in the lithographic printing macbine by a young ster, Ohio, Dec. 31st,
Hulling and Pearling Rice-Jacob Groat, Troy.
French engineer named Nicolle, by which the same
precision and regulality of pressure is obtained as N. Y., July lIth.
by the comlllon h and-press . By the common litho Mowing, Grain Cradles-William A. Wood anel
John C. Loveland, Hoosick Falls, N. y" No".
graphic process, 1I0t more than from 200 to 250 good
impressions of desigus, or about 1,000 copies of lith 13th.
ographic writing, Gan be o.htaiJll1dJnJwelve houl'$; Mowing, Harvesting Machines-George Esterly.
MOWing Hemp Cradles-Grjffin Reyno)dt, JUDo
WashinglDn, Ky , kay 30th,
latr, can be. obtained within the same period of
time. Mo"'iDg,R6ilpll,gl\'hchines-)VilIiam F. Kttch
WII, Buffalo, , Y Nov. 18tb.
,
Improvement ill Plough'J ol1lJ'hQlDPson, Rilr
A SENsIBLE HORIIF:.-One of the truck borse.oll
M'r. Hinds' was unloosed lOr a, minute or two, from
Do. Aaron Smith. B1oqa.nfield, Mich.., May 6th.
the trucks, a 1e'Y gays since, in this city., when, on
Do. Jonathlln Metlers, Hazelton, Peon, iuly J+t
the drtvel' 10"1<1 1}$ ar9und Cot him behold he was
. . misting.- It was an hour or t"YD, before the driver De. AtJlhon.y Taylor, lew Garden, Ohio, Dec_
19th.
Plough, adjusting-William R, Allan, BrowD.l
Plough,combined-Harvey Crown, Payson, 111.,
March.9th.
Brooms mad e shoes repaired. The smith said the horse entered
Plough,double-Aaron Smith, Bloomfield, Mich,
,
and took the usual stand for shoeing. Upon exam
May 10tl! .
d'm rlIg .ining his feet he found one shoe off, which he sup Plough, excavating ditches-James. Herbert, La
a few year& plied. ,'f,b.at horse is a sensilJle beast.
grange, la., April 13th.
Plough, gathering weeds under tbefu,rrow sJice
THE PROPERTIES OF ZINc.,-PllOfessor Farraday, Dudley Hills,East Hartford, Ct. Oct. 7th.
Plough, wheel-Israel Long, Bucyrus, 'Ohio
as we are informed in the London Athenreum, has ,
made this metal the subject of ny interesting ex March 9th.
Potato-Diggers-Archibald C, Ketchum, Sche
nectady, N. Y., Feb. 20th.
Rake, grain-Benoni F. Partridge, Onondaga, N.
Y., March 13th.
There wlls none of its tenacity,but still capable of being spun
into the finest wirl), press'ed intO any required form, Rattoon and Cane Cutters-Robert Lauve, Pla
or rolled into any thinness dllsired. This promises quemines, La., Sept, 17th.
Seeding, com planters-Thomas H, Hoskings '
to be a very useful discovery.
Cra\'llU:ll'dsville, la., Jan. 20th.
A SPECIMEN OF VEGETABLE ,SILK, raised from
Seeding, planting machines-Dierck Brewer,Pe
seeds received from Italy, which came originally
tersburg, Tenn., April 4th.
Seeding, seed pbnter-Loea Pratt, Amherst, N.
from Syria, has been presellted to the National In
H., April 25th,and Ric:mrd J. Gatling, Murfreesbo
stitute. Some'of the seeds have been forwarded to
Florida to the Hon. D. Levy, for the purpose of be
rough, N, C., May 10th,
ing cuitivated.
Seeding, seed planters-U. Kilburn, Lawrence
ville, Penn., and F. Haines, Marietta, Penn., Dec:
31st,
CAUSE OF SOUND IN THUNDER.-Thunder is one eding, Bowing marhines-Ezra Fisk, Fayette,
of the consequences resulting from lightning, and
Me., Nov. Il1th.
lightning appears to be occasioned by the combustion
Smut Machine-Meredith Mallory, Motlnt Mor
of some of the inflamable particles of air; of accor ris. N. Y, Jab. 20th.
ding to more recent opinions, of a condensation of
Smut Machine-Jacob W. Brown, Mount Airy,
aerial matter Qonducing to electricity, by which in
N. C. Feb. 28th.
either case, a vacum is created. The 8Orroundihg Do. James M. Clarke, Strasburg, Penn" March
atoms which remain uninfluenced by this chan!l:e, 20th.
being forced together by the whole weight' of the Do. Samuel Scammon and R. Nason, WaterYille
atmosphere, greatly constrict each other; but their M'e., April 10th.
elastic nature causes them immediately to expand, Do. Elisha S. Snyder, Charleston, Va., lpril
and by this enlargement their sonorous property is
30th.
acquired. A centrifugal force being thus established, Do. Henry B, James, Mount Holly, N. J., May
it acts in all directions alike; but as the circle ex 17th.
tends, its propulsive power becomes gradually dim- , 'Do. Abraham Straub. Milton, Penn., May 17th.
inished, till at last its pressure i. no longer felt, nOl Do. Elisha W. Young, Parkman, Ohio,JUDe ith.
sound created. The rumbliog noise of thunder is Do. Thomas H. Nelson, Harrisburg, Penn., lune
.
produced by that portion of the sonorous circle M
which strikes upon the earth, whence it becomes
Do. James W. Webster, L1VlIY, Va.,June 5th,
condensed; and, being intercepted in its upwar(!
Do. John Pagin, Michigan Cily,lao, Aag. 19th.
course by dense masses of vtlpo.r, it is again reflected, Do. Jacob Groat, Troy, N. y" Nov. 9th.
and this alternate motion and reverbration continue, Straw-Cutter-William Hovey,Worcester, Mau.
until the interuption ceases, or the original force is Feb. 12th.
exhausted. Echo is occasioned also by reverbration
Do_ Hiram M. Smith, RichmolJd, Va., Feb.
from one cloud to ahother.- Web8ter'3 Principles of 20th,
&und.
Db.. EJiakim Taylor; Rochester, N. Y.,Oct.l2tb.
Do. Ezra Taylor, Monroe, N. Y., Nov. 6th.
LiQTJOR BURNT.-Alnon,g the property destroyed Threshing Machine-Luther & Ezra Whitmu
by the late fire, in this city, was a large' qullntityof Winthrop, Me" March 20th.
intoxicating liquors, for which nobody ought to Do_ Chane,.. W. Cuheart, New Duthamr .1M,
mourn. It is announced that 912 pipes of brandy, Aprjl25. .....dd Frtlderick A. Stuart,Cathariae. ]!I
200 pipes of gin, 100 puncheons of rum, 2000 pipes; Y., )'"l!I.
half and quarter pipes of Madeira wine, 3000 c8JSks T and Winnowing Machine, aild Onltn
of port wine, 1 000 Malaga, 1500 MarSeilles, 1000
SeparaJacob V. A. Weniple, Mohawk, IdMI
claret, and 5000 baskets of Cnampaigne were oon Grgll WettiDghouse, Schoharie, N. Y. J.1dJ'1lIt1t,
sumed. How much more that is not told of, on Wioilowio F.p.QUlg Mill, fllr tlleatrial,
account of the little sympathy the tale would excilQ,. Calvin O. Gernsey, Rfwsia, ,N. Y., Q' Ul'tA.
is Jlpt known, The operations of sundry large W;oe
merchants are also rudely put a stop to.
N, y, ngelut.
Winnowing, separating &rain from . .., ....-
ning Packard and Christian B. Pack.arclr,e__...
N, Y., Nov. 8th.

N EW . Y O R T H U R S D A Y , A U G .
To the American Public, ..
Patrons and Friends :
Hav in g the pleasure of aga in appearing before
you, though unde r a new title, and in new dress,
we may be . expected to advance some remarks
on things in general, and particularly on ttte
subject of our motives, intentions and prospects .
Since the discontinuance of th e " American Me.
chanic "-the " Elevator " of Cincinnati, " Amer.
lean Protector " o f Hartford, and " N . Y. State
M ech an i c " of Albany, having previously retired,
-we have been frequently sol i cited by enterpriSe
iog mechanics, and others, to engage in the pub
lioation of a new scientific paper, for the ad
vancemen t of more extensive intell igence in Arts
and Trades in general, but more particularly in
the se v e ral new, cu riou s and useful a r ts, which
have but recently b een discovered and introduced.
We h av e , moreover, received communications
from va rious sections of the country, a n d esp e
cially from the South and West, expressing the
opinion that a paper of this description was want
ed, and would pe well received and extensively
patroni zed , if once introduced. With this en
couragement, we have made arrangements to
furnish the intel l igent and liberal workingmen,
and those who delight in the developement of
thOie beauties of Nature, which consist in the
laws of Mechanics, Chemistry, and other bran.
ches of Natural Philosophy-with a paper that
will instruot while it diverts or amuses them, and
will retain its excellence and val ue , when polit
ioal and ordinary newspapers are thrown aside
and iorgotten.
In conducting this publication, we shall en
deavour to avoid all expressions of senti ment, on
any sectional, sectarian, or pol itical party sub
ject ; but shall exeroise II. full sha re of indepen
dence, in the occasional e xposu re of ignoranc e
and knavery, especially when we find the m shel
tered by arrogance and aristocracy. We shall
pr8lent no gloomy catalogues of c rime and de.
pravity, believing that the caU!e of neither h ap.
piness nor moral ity will be the reby promoted ;
our object being to pl ease and enlighten. We
shall advocate the pure Christian re l igion , with.
out favouring nny pnrticular sect ; and shall
make it a point to adhere to re aiOn and common
lense, independen l l y of the op i n ion s of those,
whose inte rests a n d popula rity depend on their
rigid adherence (0 traditional doctrines, and
church creca!.
With these sentiments and intentions, respected
Friends and ' Sovereign People, ' and with full
confidence in your good-will a nd generous sup
port-not in the least do u bting , however, that you
will consult you\" own interests q u ite as much as
ou rs in the matter-we commend to your favour
and pat ronage the " SCIENTIFIC AllIE RICAN . "
EDITOR.
- to e a r t h s ; the nce tl) t r a u s p a r e u t cryslals
Editors and Publishers.
We shall send c o p i el of our first n u mb er to seve
ral of our molt respected cotemporaries, and would
IOJicit th.ir aid in n o t i fy i n g the me c ha n i c s of their
vici ni ti el , of the exl.tepce of the S. American.
Those who will give o ur advertisement ( he ad of our
fint page,) an insertion in t he i r columns, shall be
enti tl ed to two c o pi es of our p ape r, by which t hey
will each have o n e copy to preserve and an o th er to
clip, as occasion may req u i re ; or, if they prefer it,
we will s e n d a d o ll ar in cash fo r the i n s erti o n .
Those who may .,ol u n teer to act as agents for this
paper, may retai n of the money received, 25 ce n ts
as commission, for each su b scrib e r o btain ed .
.. ...
l!:CUllE THE F I RS T NUMDy.R.-Three d o l lars per
volume is offered for the first volume of the " New
York Mechanic," co m pl ete , and 25 cents per num
ber, for several of the early numbers, by those who
neglected to subscribe for the work in season to se
ure the first numbers. Thus it will be with the
Scientific American ; hundreds of peo ple will wish
for It in vain, when th e first numbers are out. In
anticipation of this circumltance, we -shall print a
few hundred m ore co pi e s than are as yet ordered ;
b ut not more than will probab ly be taken up in two
or three w e e k .
- Springfield, Boston , a n d various o t h e r pities and
E VEI\Y SUBSC RtBER. AI' AGENT .-We h a ve of
ten o bserved in lectarian papers, a general request
that aU cl e rg yme n of the same denomination, should
act as agents for the pa per ; and by lIuch meanl,
some papen have attained to an immense circula
Not having any similar available advantage,
tion.
we would solicit the favoilr o f every honest m e
chanic wh!> may receive this paper, to use his inltu
ence In o ur favour, and induce III many more as
possible to subscribe for it. All favo urs of this kind
will be duly dppreciated.
- chants of onr Western states, to c om m u n icate their
POSTMASTE,"S who may receive this number, are
req nested to present it to B o me mlchanic who will
pay its postage, and shew the paper to others . Any
Postmaster who may procu re and fo rward the
name.s of three .ublcribel't!, will be entitled to the
yolumt> free.
001. ADVl!:I\TIIEUJ:NT.-Every p41r80U who looks
at this paper, i. particularly requested to exami ne
our advertillltuent at the head of the tirst column,
ClD e tint p.age.
T H E S T E A M
This mammoth of the ocean, which h a s rec e n tl y
arrived from L iv erpool, has created much eXCite-
ment here as well as in E u ro p e ; be i n g in fact the I T h e saloons aI's g feet 3 inches hi g h and su rro u n d
greatest maratime c uri o s i ty ever seen in o u r
She wa s built by the Great \V est ern Steam- Ship
harbour. I
C o mp a n y , at B ristol, E n gla n d . Her k e e l was laid
I
in J u l y, 1 839, and she w.,s l aun c h e d in Ju ly , 1 8 4 4 ,
wi th her engines and machinery o n b o ard. She is
composed entirely of iron wh i ch renders h e r per-
fe c tly safe against accidents by fire, a n d even an ex-
plos i on o f he r steam-boilers c o ul d not sink her, as
she is di v i d e d into fiv e d i fferent compartments, each
b e i n g t h or ou g hly w ater- t ight , so tha t in ca s e of ac-
cident even one perfect d ivision would float the ves-
sel and cargo . The length o f the keel is 290 feet ;
total l e n gth 322 fe e t ; beams 5 1 fe et ; depth 32 feet
6 inche s . S h e has four d e c k s , the upper o n e being
fluth, and is 308 fe et long ; the second deck con-
sists of t wo promenade saloons, one of which is n o iron w i re rigging, so that very littl e su rfa c e i s pre -
==
S C IENT IFIC,
F i r s t P r i n c i p I e s of M e c h a n i c s .
The science of mechanics, in its most e x t e n sive
sense e mbra c e s a l a r g e pro por t i o n of what is termed
Natural P hi l os o p hy, o r t h e system of laws which
govern the various o p e ra t i o n s of Nature . It inv e s ti
gates the l a w s and effects of I n e rt i a , force, motion,
momeutum, equ ilibriu m , gravity, &c.
Inertia is that which constitutes in all b o d i es or
substan ces, a t en de n cy when at rest , to remain at
rest ; a n d when in m o t i on to continue i n motion i n
d e p en d e nt of any force or p o w er . B u t as every
m ovi n g body is su pp os e d to h a v e been put in motion
by some movin g power, its i n e rti a i n this case be
c om e s momentum.
lZlustration.-If .a rou n d ball is pl a c e d on a table
that is p e rfe c tl y l evel, it will remain a re s t , and wiIi
re quire the application of power or for c e to put it
in moti on ; but when this ball is p u t i n motion, i t
will require s o me resistance to stop i t s m o t i on.
Gravity is that p roper ty which con s is t s i n a l l b o d i e s
a te n de n cy to move towards each oth er, and espe
c i ally, towardi the centre of the earth ; it is a lw a ys
Gravity is g e n
in d i re ct proportion to i n e rt i a .
erally considered to be m e re l y the attraction o f
t h e earth ; it c on si sts o f t h e fo rce b y wh ich b o d i e s
descend towards the earth when suspended, or are
let go from a height ; and this force co nstitutes
we ight.
lZlustration.-lf a ball be suspended b y a c o rd , i t
will un i for m ly hold t h e cord i n a p o s i t i o n a t ri g ht
If the p oi n t
angles w ith the surface of the eartIJ.
fro m which the b al i is sus p e nd e d be fixed, a n d the
baIl be re moved any distance from its natu ral posi-
8.0n, it will, when liberated, return to its n atural po
. s iti o n d irec tly u nder the poi n t of sus pensio n ; but
in t h is instance, it w i ll not read ily stop at the poi n t
of i ts natural pOiition ; but h av in g received an im
pulse from the force o f gravity, its mo m e n t u m will
force it some distan ce beyond the given point, u ntil
this m om en tu m is again overcome by g r a v ity : then
gravi ty again impels it i n a c o n tr a ry d irecti o n , a nd
it is a ga i n c arri ed b ey on d b y its inertia. Thus a
v ib rato ry motion is for s o m e time c ontinued, before
the ball b e c o m es stationary. Here are i l l u stra t e d by
one example, Gravity, Inertia, Motio n and Momen
tum.
--""""",. ...,.,.., , ---
ART OF PAINTING .-B eing practicall y acquaint
ed with every bran ch of p ai n ting , from the plainest
house and ship-work, to the fin e s t miniature por
t rai ts , we pro po s e to g i v e in a s eri e s . of numb ers,
c o m pl e te instructions in every b ra n ch, i n cl u d in g the
mosaic and fres c o landscape in o i l , transparencies,
carriage o rn am e n ti n g , sign lettering, claro-obscuro,
glass-staining, perspective, portrait, an d mir,iature
gilding, burnishin g, varn i sh i n g , &c, \Ve s h al l be
particularly explicit with re g ard to the preparation
o f c ol ors , and e x e c u ti o n of p l ai n work, that many
of tho se who have h a d no i ns tru c ti o n , may b e e n a
bled to a c c o mpl i sh smal l jobs in this line o c c as i on
ally, fo r their own amusement or convenience.
- orders for goods, &c. by means of the t ele gra p h ,
REMITTING MO N E y .-Our subscribers who re
ceive their papers by m a i l , will remit o n e d ollar
each by mail o n the receipt of thesecond number of
this paper. Those who resid e in cities, w i l l pay to
such ag ents only as may prod u c e w ri t te n a uth o r i ty
from the pu b l i sh e r, to c o lle c t the same. T hi s rule,
however, will not i n te rfere with those ,'ol u nt a ry
agents who may procure a few subscribers a m o n gst
their associates and acquaintance, and remit the mo
uey by mil.
S H I P G R E A T
feet lon g by 22 wide. '1'he th i rd d eck consists of
d i n i n g saloons, the first of w h ic h is 9 6 by 30 fe e t .
ed wi th berths, of whi ch there nre s u ffi c i n t to ac
c o m m o d ate 252 persons. H e r burden is 3,600
tons, and her e n gines are cnpable of \v o rk i n g 1 ,000
horse powers. S h e hns four e n g i n e s united, which
w ith the boilers, weigh 540 ton.
is 28 i n c hes in d i am e t e r in the ce ntre, and 24 i nches
in the b e ari n g s , and weighs nearly 16 t o n s .
power of the e n g in es is applied t o a s ingle sub
m e rged propeller, on th e s c rew p ri n ci ple , and 1 5
fe e t 6 i n c h e s in diameter. The e n g in es and boilers
o c c u py a space o f 80 feet in the middle portio n of
the vessel ; the boilers are h e ated hy 24 fire s , and
w i l l co ntain 2,00 t o n s of w a ter. She has six m a st s ,
four of w hi c h a r e hi n g ed for lowering when h e a d
w i nds set in ; the m asts ure made of i r o n , havin g
C HE MIS T RY.
We p r o p o se to give, in a series o f brief essays,
such explanations a n d illustrations of the p rin cip l es
a n d peculiarities of t.h e sc i en c e of chemistry as may
be the most i m m ed i ately " p pl i !' a h l p t o t l I P
trades, the most uSl'fl l 1 t o 11 . .. . - I I ,, " i , . s,
interesting t o the c u r i o u s , a m i read e rs in g e ne r,d .
C h e m i s t ry d e v e l opes the composition a n d proper
t i e s o f b o d ies, and th e combination o f the various
ing re d i e n ts of which th e y are c o m posed ; a l s o , the
effects of one substance on a n o t her, and l h e a rt of
d e com p osi n g , re c o m po s i n g s e p a r a t i n g n nl! C U I llbi l l
ing the m , i n s u c h a m a n n e r a s tu c x a l l l i u c m i n u te l y
the several i n g re d i e n t s o f wh i c h b l)d i e s " r e c o m pos
ed, a n d by new c o m b ination, t l l <n' o f, to fo r m o r
prod uce other substa n c e s e n t i rel y d i ffe r e n t fro m t h"
o r i gi n nl . There is no
a rt or s c i e n c e hy ", h i c l l a
man can a c c o m plish a work of c re a t. i o u w i th so
IU u c h verity, as by che mistry. L i qu i ds are c h a n g
ed to solids, and d ry s u b s t a n ce to l i q u i ds , and thpn
ag ai n to air o r gascs. M e ta l l i c b o d i es a re rpd u ced
t h e nc e to transparent liq u i d s , and
w hen c e t h ey m ay hc a g a i n pre c i p i t a t ed and resto l c d
to the i r or i g inal bril l i a u t Illeta l l i c s l a t e .
l i m pid fl uid, like w ate r , a c h e ll1 i t will prod u c e a
marble st a tu e ; a silver u rn ; an i ro n h o l t ; or a g l ass
decanter ; also, paints o f vari o u s b ri l l i a n t and d u rn
b l e c o lo rs , such as vermillion, p rus s i u n b l u e , c hrome
yell ow, fre n ch g reen, s pa n i sh brown, r ed lead and
The precious m e t als, g o l d and silver,
whitc lead.
a re extracted from the l u stre l e s s r o c k , amI appear i u
d azzling b ril li a ncy ; again, thcy arc ma,l c t n t a k e t l l f'
form of tr an sp a r e n t fluid, or i n t h e m o re i n v i s i h l,!
gaseous form, float off i ii the p assi n g bl'et'z e .
is chemistry ; and we feel assured that t h i s snhl i l l l C
and illteresting science wou l d n o t b e l o n g ncgk ctc'd
by mechanics a n d working m e n , if th ey coulr! J i rst
b e m ad e aware of the utility of n hauled o ve r th e Rea din g Ra ilroad seven hundred and
prin ciples, and the beauties an d w o n elers o f n at u re
w hi c h are thereby brought to view.
Morse' s Telegraph.
This w o nde r of the age, which has fo r several
mon ths past been i n operation between Wash i n gton
and B a l t i m o r e , appears l i kely to come into g p n P r 1
u s e through th e l e n gt h and breadth o f o u r l a lll1 .
Ar ra n ge me n ts are already ma d e fo r e x te n d i n g the
lines to P h i l ad el ph ia , New York, Albany, B ll llit l o ,
s e cti o n s . Hcn. A mos Ke nd al l ,
Ge n e r a l , h a s t ak e n the management of t h e invcn
tion,-whether as proprietor o r agent we
informed,-while the i n v ent o r is o n a tour to Rus
sia. \Ve sh al l take an early op p or t u n ity to g iv e
r e aders a ful l and m i n ute description o f t h is inven
tion, with explanations and i l lustrations of its prin
ciples ; but i n consequenc of t he press and va ri e ty
of m at te r which presses o n l this o ur first n u mber , we
are c o n s train ed to d e fer i t. \Ve will add the re-
I
mark , how e v e r , that it is contemplated by t h e mer-
instead of abid i n g th e slow and tedious progress of
rai l - r o a d c ars.
THE J O I N '!' S T O C K SHAREs .-The pro po s i tion
in our first . prospectus, rel a t i n g tli fu rn i s hi ng joint
stock c e rt i fi c a tes , appears to have met with p erfe ct
indifi'erence. We d o n o t know of one s ubscriber
w ho ap pea rs to regard i t as of any consequen ce.
We intend m ak i n g the ex peri m e nt, however, and
shall fnrnish certificates as propo s ed .
I
1845 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
B R I T A I N.
VA RI E T Y.
A correspondent of the S t . Louis Republican
h av i n g been bitten by a mad dog, wal! cured by
drinking a d e c o c tion of th e barl, of the common
black ash.
The paddle wheels of the U. S. Steam F r ig a L e
Mississippi, a re so c o n s t r u c t e d that they can be di
minishI'd i ll d i a m eter i f n e c pssary . by short e n i n g- t h !'
arms.
-; I t i t tatpd i ll o n e of t h e fashionable city . pa pers.
t hat II there a rc 190 doctors is B oston, more that;
t.here a r e patients." I t m ust b e a healthy place.
The M o u n t Sava g e R a i l ro ad Iron C o m pany, is
t u rn i n g out 1 0 0 t o n s of r a i l ro a d b ars pel' day, and i,
adding m u c h larger fa c i lities 10 i ts wOl'lls.
The M as t a d o n S k el e t o n , lately discovered i n Ne\\'
Jersey, and b e i n g exhibi ted in this city, is 23 fe e t iI,
l e ngt h a n cl 11 feet h i gh . It is d iv rse from t h e ele
ph ant. a n d apears to have b e e n carnivorous.
A n a n cient E l m wh ich ti1l flonrih"p, with i n thref
m i l e , of P rovid ence, R . I. m e asn rps :lG feet in cir
cU mfere n c r . ] :2 fe e t fro nl the groll n d . The circum
fere l l c e of the top is o ve r ;:;00 feet.
The P i ttsburg A g e sa y s t h at there are now in
prog rf'ss of erecti o n , in and n e a r t.hat city, t w e n t)
six rn rnace, w h ich wil l turn ofr b e tw e e n s e v e n ty-
five nnd one hundred t o n s o f iron per da),.
It is d e c i d e d by the logical sc h o o ls that Puseyism
sented to t hc res istan ce of the a tm o sp h e re ; the
is d i r iv e d from catechism, while puppyism comes
q u a n t i ty of canvass c arr i e d , is about 4,900 squ are
Up w a rds o f l ,500 ton s o f iron h ave been used
from dogmatism ;-tha t m a kes the d i fl e l enc e .
yards.
i n her c o nstlUction ; her draught of w at e r is about
1 6 fe!'!, and the displaceinent of water, e qu a l to
A c o m pa n y has been formed a t Port sm ou th , N .
H . , who intend erecting a steam c o tton fac t o ry to,
3 , 2 0 0 I o ns.
carry twenty thousand spindles, w hic h is to be put
The Great B ri tain was v isited while at L ive rp o o l
u nd e r c o n t ra c t i m m e d i ately .
The main shaft by 33,000 p e rs o n s, a n d p rob ab ly by an equal number
at London. D n r i n g the few days since he r arrival A n e w and extensive woole n factory IS b ei n g estab
The at N e w York, she l a s been visited y a b o ut 1 2 , 000 lished at F re d ricllsbu rg , V . A . ; we a re gl ad to h e ar of
pe o p le, who have paid 2.'> c e n ts fo r t h e g r ati fi c atio n . the progress of m an u fac to r i e at the South .
If t he re is any thing o bj ectional in the construction
or m ac hi n e ry o f t hi s noble ship, it is th e mode 01 T he P i c ay un e has a s t ory of a rattlesnake that
p rope ll i n g her by the screw propeller ; and we swallowed a m o le ; but t he mole would not stay
h o u l d not he surprised if it should be, ere long, su swallowed, but g n a w ed his way out, thull killing
p e r c ed e d by p add l e wh eels at the s i d e s ; . as th ere the snake, and was off.
can be l i t tl e doubt th at s u c h an i mprovement w o uld
i n c rease h e r speed t o 1 8 m i l e s per h o ur, and render There is much talk ab o ut in trod u c in g ,lectro-'l1lag
he r the s w i ftest sh i p o n the ocean. netic light, as a substi tu te for o il or gall ; whe n we
.- -- --,-,-:.: =--,c.:.:-_ :: __ l e a rn more about i t , we shall be free to com mu n i-
===;==-=-=_=-=-= cate p arti c u lars .
N E W I N VE N T IO N S.
DAG U E RIlEOT Y I' E C.'l.MERA .-M . M a rti n er hall T h e Roy al P rinti n g Office of F r a n c e posseS/Jes:
fonts of type in upwards of one h undred different
s t a t e d to thl F r e n c h Aca d e my of S c ience, t h a t he
hns d iscovered the mcans of c arrying o n th e Dag u er languages, and is still rec ei v i n g extensive addil ioni_
" rt " n el ... o t '. 1'" pro . . . , ,, Oil a /l i g a l l t i i. scale, as c o m pa re d
The egg trade of C i n cinnati, the past year amount
""d t l ... " , , ,,I I WillI wlo"t I, ",," du"". II " c : t u , hc says, D aguer-
ed to 24, 1 9 1 barrels,-2 , 1 7 6 , 333 d ozens, or 26, 1 1 6, -
no ' }, I 'I' :11J I.' l I t i n ' j > iJ I J U r a I J l a , t' I H h raciug 1 5 0 d e gr e es .
0 0 0 eggs : -su ffi c ie n t t o cover twenty-five acret o f
H i s proc:"" C U l I s i s t s i l l c ll r v i l l the llletallic pl at e ,
a n d causi n g t h e l e u s w h i c h reflects the landscape
ground .
to turn by c l oe k - w o r k . The lens, in t u rn i ng , passes
I t i s c o nt e mpl ated t o establish a steambo at fen'Y
o v e r on olle s i d e the w h o l e spa c e to be Daguerreo
i m m e d iate ly below the gee .. t falls of Ni agora, which
t y p,oJ , ; l I l d Oil t h e o t h e r s i d e m oves the refracted Iu
will give visitors a great advantage in viewing .
I l I i u o u s c o lle to t h e plate, to w h ich the o bj e c t s are
the
catarac t.
s u c c essiv e l y c o nvey e d .
The shares in the stock of the New River Com
M r. J USI'ph l I urd , o f S h o n- h am , V t. h a s s e c u red p a n y of L o ndon, which were at first sold at ,'100.
] . el l C' l's P a t e n t , fo r an apparatlls for s e parati n g or cla are now w or th 15,000 each.
r i fy i n g l i q uids by a pp l i c a t i o n of centrifugalforce.
It
i a w e l l - k no w n fae t that lllu e i la/l:e or s u g ar , ns w el l T he A m os k e a g (N. H . ) Manufacturin g
C o mpa
as mineral a n , 1 sal i n e s u n s t a uces, h ave a greater spe ny h a v e declare d a s e mi - a n n u a l dividen d of
teD per
(' i fl c g r a v i t y t h a n wnter, th o u g h the p a r t i cles there c en t . ; yet l e av i n g a r e s erv e d fund of $600,0
00.
0 1' !(Iass ; u f, w i l l nut readily separate fro m water by mere
n e x t. to t h i u " i I', fum' o f I(ra v i t y : but when a m i x e d fluid, or t urb i d I n th e town of E d en, Me., the ..e is o w n
ed a schr.
WilLer is p n t i n t o a v i o l e n t rotary motion, in a cask called the ' Gard e n , ' and which is com manded
by
F ro l ll
II ur c'y l i ll,lc!r, t h e c e n t r i fu g a l force w i l l d rive the hea C a pt . Adam Wilkin s. Thus Adam y et holds com
v i e r p" rticles t o he s i d es o f the vessel, while the
mand o v e r the Garden o f Eden.
c l e a r w a t l' r remnins in the centre.
In the cou n ty o f C ay u ga , N. Y., reside
-- -- s nmety
three " old rev o l utione rs , " o r so ldi er. o f the revolu
A NEW I V EN TlUN FOil C L}:A N I N G C O T T O N ,
t ion . These veteran s were all i nvited to particip
c o m pleted by M r . P h i l i p A ult, of N atches is c om ate
in the celebrati on of the 4 th ult.
posed of a wi re cylinder with i n a b o x , i n which re
vol vcs Il shaft with arllls c ap p e d w i th rails ; fro m
S e vera l s p rin g s have been re c e ntly discovered iu
t l . ., r i l s spili es o r pins proj e c t, w h i c h s ep a rat e the
G e n e s ee county, the wat e rs of which are acid ulated
l o c k s c o n t .. i n i n l( t h e seeds from each o t h er , knock
n e a rl y to the d e g re e of le m o n a d e.
S uc 1 t The acid is the
oul t he t rash n d d nst, a n d p a s s the cl eaned cot
sul phu ric .
t O l l o v ( ' r t h e c y l i nder down into th e gin stand .
The
sha li is driven by the s a m e power that driv e s th e g i n
One o f Morris's engines, of 18 to n s , has lately
requ i r i n g b u t l i t t l e frJrc e . It i s a v a l u ab l e assistant
to t i t " P l anter.
IInowledge of its
This engine s h o uld be call
fifty tons, at o n e load .
od the .Samson.
I r.. li B H \ J R B E tl.-rhere i;; no e n d to the many
val u ahl e objeets t o which I ndia Rubber may be ap One of the fac to ry g i rl s of L ow el l , has earneci
plil'd . A new o n e h a s been discovered, and that is $3, 150 in the mills o f that p lac e , of which shE>.
has
t i ll' i ll n e r sheathing o f s h ip s , w h er e s h ea th i n g paper
saved $2000, besid es applying $1 , 1 .50 to th e sujJPort
is now l I s.,cl in s m nll sheets and where this n e w
of her p are n ts .
nthhcr call be a pp l ie d i n wide s trips ex tend i n g the
,nt.i re len g th of the v e s s e l .
The rubber being in
There is to be seve ra l railroad tunnels made and
destruct i b l e nnd i m pe rvi ou s to w a te r , renders it an
extended u n de r t he ci ty of L o n d on d u ri.ng the Jlres
a d d i t o n a l mea n s of preventing leaks, while sand
e n t season . So writes Willis.
sprcml over it puts an e nd to all r av a g e s of i n se cts
t h at i n fpst nl t w a t e r .
E x-P o s t - l l l s t e r B t>ston, according to the new census, cOlltaifiS
n e arl y 1 29,000 i n h abit an ts, sh o w ing an i n cre ase of
AN htl'ILO V E n C O T T O N -G I N .-A. M. Groat is 26,000 w i th i n the last five years.
are not
about i n trod u c i n g a G in for long st a pl e Sea Island -------........ ------ --- ---- ----- -
cotton . It is expected to c l e a n at least, 100 po un ds It is est i m a te d that there are n o w i n p ro g ress oi
our
per d ay, whereas the gins n ow in use will c l e an e recti o n within the l i mits of Pennsylv ania, at least
o nl y about 25 po u n ds . one hundred n e w iron furnaces.
The seed is sep arate d w i th
o u t b r e a k in g.
A slave in Charlestow n, S. C . , re c en tly , at I he
A new machin e fo r b reak in g s tone, has been late imminent risk of his own life, p l u n g e d into the rapid
ly c o n s t r u c te d at B rook lyn. Its c o n s tr u c tio n is on c u rren t of t h e river, and saved the life of a small
t h e principle of a l a r g e hammer or be a te r , operated wh i t e boy, who had fallen i n and was drowning.
by a m ove abl e steam-engine. It i s intended for the
No l e ss than 282,599,00() tons of coal have b e e n
\Vest I n d i e s , to be u s e d in M c Ad a m iz i ng ro a ds .
tra n sp o rted over one railroad, fro m the S c hu y lk i l1
reg i o n s , this seaso n, up to the 9th inst.
W \Ve w o ul d i nvite our readers to look at the
advertisement hca'ied " R a re P roj e c t." There is Thl! tow n of New Bedford , M ass . , con tains weal t h
real benevolence to m e n , in the plan proposed. As e nou gh to divide $ 1 , 0 0 0 each to every m a n , woman
success must attend s o m e o f the inventions, and and child within its limits .
m uch gain may fo llow at little risk, it c o m me n d s it
self to al l who desire human i m p ro ve m e n t . We Hav the c o ura ge to pay a debt, whil e you hav
gl ad ly co m m e nd , n o t o n ly the p roj e c t , but a ls o the the m on ey at command. Have the courage to \year
company, as worthy the confidence of the publi c . your old coat till you can pay fur a &lew one.

Speak Hently.
" peak !(ently ! -It is oetter far
To rule by love toan fear :
-:lp e ak gently i -let not harsh words mar
The good we might do h e re !
Sp e ak
g e n t l y ! -Love doth whisller low
h e a rts bin d j
The vows th at t ru e
And gently friendship's accents flow j
Affl i ct i o n 's vo i c e is ki nd .
Speak gently to the little c h il d !
Its love be sure to gain :
Teach i t in a c c en ts soft and mild :
It may n ot lon g rem a in .
" peak gently to the youn,g, for t he y
Wil l h ave ' enough to be a r-
Pass t hrough th is lift' as best they m ay,
'Ti full of nnxious care !
Sp e ak g e n t ly to the aged one,
Grieve not the care worn h e art j
The sands of life are nearly r u n
Let such in peace depart !
.sp e ak gently, kinuly, to th e poor,
Let no h ars h tone be h eard j
They h a ve enough they m u st endure,
Wit hout a n unkind word !
Spe ak ge n tly to the erring-know,
Th('y may have toil'd in vain ;
Perch ance unki n d n es s made them SO ;
Oh, win them b ack ag ai n !
Speak gently !-He who gave hiil life
To hend man's stubborn will,
were in fierc e strife,
When elements
Sai.,! to th e m , " P e ace, be still ! "
Spe ak gen tly ! -'tis a little thing
Dropp'd in the heart's deep well ;
The good, the j oy which it m ay brin g,
Ettrnity s h all tel l .
Tis said that Wine will cheer the Heart.
AIR-'Tis said thai absence conquers love.
'Tis aid that wi n e Will cheer th e heart,
But oh ! believe it not ;
Touch not th e cup, 'twill leave a smart,
Which cannot be forgot.
The wine cup as it p as s es round,
Is hailed with jovial cheer,
But soon, al as, is c h a nged the iound,
The smile becomes a tear.
Too J Uan y hearts h ave felt the sting,
That lurks within the bowl ;
And JUany h e arts it yet will wring,
W ho heed not its controu!.
But take the warning ere too late,
And leave that cup of wo,
And eek a better, happier fate,
Th a n wine can e'er bestow.
Natu re has given in plenteous streams,
The beverage of the ros e,
To d ri nk t h e dew that on them gleams,
The flowers t heir le av es un clos e .
Then why should ye not drink the same,
And leave the ruby wine ;
It wi n not rob thee of thy n ame,
Nor leave thy h eart to p ine .
" FOR OF SUCH IS THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEliI."
BY PHAZMA.
A bl i nd old beggar, w it h h is hat in h a nd ,
Nt'glec ted by the lazy p ass ers .by,
I notice'! shyly at t he c orner stan d ,
Wi th moisture fallin g fr om h is sightless eye .
A child came by- a laugh i n g little creature
'Vith joy amI i nnoc en c e in every feature
Ski pp ing forth gaily to an apple-stand,
She saw th e beggar, and became less gay ;
T h en flung th e bit of silver in her hand
Into t he old man's hat, and ran away !
PROFUSE P ROFUNDITy.-The following is an
extract fl Om what purports to have been one of the
speeches i n a recent discussiou on the explosibility
of saltpet re. " That question, sir, whether ignition
and deflgration, combined with a l ar g e concatena
tion of explosive substances i n a deleterious mixture,
ignites by co ntact with sulphuretted oxid of super
carbonite of hydrogen, and solutions of mineral m at
ter in a ruass of unsophisticat ed materials. is ess$ll
tially ass imilated to the question by the ilIustriou
Pantagol us, whether the hybernal frigidity of the an
tipodes, passing in an orthogonal line through the ho
mogeneous so l id ity of th e centre, might warm the
su perfici a l co nvexity of our heels by a soft antipor
istasis."-(Interrupted by eries
C.ULI N G HARD NAMEs .-One of the multit ude
of modern n o st rum s , is headed " Clirehugh's Trieo
plierus," " caution to the pub li c , " &c., but which
we. have not sufficie ntly examined to ascertain
whether it is a specific for the loek'd jaw, or other
wise ; but Dr. Feuchtwhangers Scolicotoxi.;on, wh i eh
is highly recommended for the destruction of rats,
may be e ffec t u al in disabling them at least, if they
at tempt to) a r t icul ate the title o n the label.
...
WHAT IS WEALTH 1-1n a 're c e n t statistical vo
lume in P en nsylv a n i a , 1 ,000 d i stil l e ries have been
.enumerat e d as w e al th . A co temporary inquires
how muc h such wealth as this would be re q u i red
to render the United States properous aM happy 1
allowing each distillery to manufacture and vend
10,000 gallons of alcoholic liquors annually.
The juice of v i o l e t s will tke a b rilliant y e llo w on
half an ounce of nitric acid in a ph ia l, add one ounce
E xchequer promptly moved a vote of 20,000 i n
of American clocks have been shipped to E ngland
ow n colonies.
ed " Sa co, Me."
will look sharp to the " auld folks at hame," or they
may find themselves " taken in " more essentially
than they have hitherto learned to a nti c ip a te.
co mpleted a boat,
oj ' The questio n , ' 4-e. )
have of his plans, we are inclined to allow him at
but that of the " B u rden'S boat," so called, can ever
for last week ; but a little d el ay in p ro c u r i ng our
C urious A rt s .
To W R l T t; I N VAR I O U S C O LO U RS WI TtI T H E SAME
P E N , I N K, AND PAPE R.-Take a . h ee t of paper nd
w e t s o me parts o f it with a s o l ut i o n of sub-carb o
n a te of potas. w h i c h m u s t b e d il ut e d w ith w a t e r so
as n o t to appeal' o n the paper when d ry .
\Vet some
o t he r parts with diluted m uratic acid, o r w i th
of Je mons. S o m e other partH may b e wet w it h a di
l uted solu tion of alum ; and o thers w ith a n i n fu s i on
o f n u t -g al l s ( w ater i ll w h i ch bruised or pulverized
nu t- g al ls have been steeped. ) None of these pre
p a ra ti o n s must be so stro n g as to c o l o u r th e p a p e r
an y . Whe n th es e are d ry , t a k e some fi nely pow
d e r ed sulphate of i ro n , and rub i t lightly O il
p a rt s o f th e paper, that have been wet w i th the sub
carbonate of potas and i nfusion of galls.
w it h th e j ui c e of violets, or of the leaves of red cab
bage, write on the paper as usual with a p en .
ink is of itself a faint purpl e ; where t h e paper was
r i t in g wiJI b e b ri gh t red ; on the
w e t w i th a c i d , t he
w
sub-carbonate of potas, it wiJI ta k e a beautiful g re e n ;
on the alum i t ilJ be brown ; on the sub-carbonate
of potas that was rubbed w i t h p o w d ere d s n l ph ate of
i ron, it will be deep y e l l o w ; and on the in fn sl on of
galls that was rubbed with powder, it will b e black.
the al k ali if it be v e ry strong. The juice of \' i ol e ts
or red cabbage may be kept a lo n g time by m e a ns
the addition of a few dr o ps of alcohol ; or t he leaves
may be d ried by the fire, and thus may b e kept rea
dy for use ; and it i s o n ly re qu i s i te to s t e ep them i n
hot water, in o rder t o pr e pare t h e ink at any time.
=
To WASH B RASS OR C O P P E R WITH S ILV E R .-T o
o f water, and o n e-fourth of an ounce of good sil
ver. It will soon b e d issolved, and if the acid and
metal are both pu re , the s o l uti o n (which is c alled ni
trate of silver) will b e t r ansparan t and c o lourl e ss.
Add to this a s o ln tion of nearly two drachms of m u
riate of eoda, in any quantity of water ; th i s will
precipitate the si lver in a white o pa qu e mass.
offthe water with the acid, and add to the .silver an
equal quantity of super-tartrate of pota , thus fo rm
ing a soft paste ; dip a piece of s o ft l eather in this
paste, and rub it on the metal to be silvered ; con
tinue rubbing it till it is nearly dry ; then wash it
with water, and po l ish by rubbing it hard with a
Another method is, ' t o add
piece o f dry lea t he r .
ilnb-carbonate of potas to th e nitrate of silver, as
e h ulli t io n ensues ; then the acid is p ou re d off, and
the precipitate ( which is wh i t e at firs t , but becomes
green when dry ) is mixed w ith double its quantity
of muritat e Itf soda, and s up e r -t ar trate of potas.
With this composition, being moistened, the metal
is rubbed over, &c.
Late News from Europe.
ARRIVAL OF THE IlIB E RNIA .
The Royal Mail Steamshi p H i b e r n i a , a rr iv ed
B o sto n o n S u n day , having made her passage i n less
than twelve da ys . S h e brings intelligence t e n days
later than that hy t h e Great B rit a i n , hut we find b u t
little that i s interesting.
The news of the annexation of Texas to the U n i
ted States h ad c re at e d n o s ur p ri s e , t ho u g h it p ro
duced some little depreciation in Mexican B onds.
The over-land !'hail from India had arrived , b u t
brought no news of political imortance.
The news of th e seco nd fire at Qu eb ec , had exci
ted extensive sympathy. The C hancellor of the
aid of the sufferers.
T he pri nc i pal news fro m the c o ntinent is of the
spl end i d prep arati on s mak i n g fo r the reception of
Que e n V ic t o ri a .
A most disastrous collision had occurred o n tht!
Black Sea, on the night o f the 11 th ultim o . Two
T urk i sh st e a m e rs , th e o n e co mi ng : fro m, and t he
other going to Trebizond, ca m e into sndden. c o l l i
sion, and with such violence, that one of them went
down immediately, with o ne hundred and thirty-five
persons on bo ard .
The Asiatic cholera prevails to a frightful extent
i n China ; in the city of L ah o re the people are lall
ing b y hun d r eds d ai l y .
Exportation of Manufactures.
W e are iDformed that m ore t h a n $2000,000 worth
within a ye a r past, notwi thstan d in g the h eavy duties
thereon. Ten thousand' clocks have been sent from
one house in B oston. C otton goods of various kinds
have been sh ip ped in considerable quantities, and
we lmow of several articles which might he, and
soon wil l be exported with gr eat advantage.
what seems decidedly queer, is that the B ri tish
manufacturers are now p u t ting American stamps
on their articles of export, even. when sent to their
It is re po r t e d that a bale o f goods
recently arrived at Quebec, fro m E ngland was stamp
We hope our Canada neighbors
FOUR HOURS F R OM TROY T O NEW YORK.
We l e a rn that Mr. J. Gold. of 'l'roy , has nearly
w h i ch he expects to make the trip
to New York in four hou rs , by means of a n improve
ment on the prope1ling principl e . We should hope
he may succ eed ; b ut from the l ittle k n owl edg e we
least six additional hours in which to accomplish the
trip. We yet hold firm the opinion that no plan
be driven with the velocity an ticipated by M r . Gold.
We m ay say more on this subject anon.
THE NEWS .-Our readers will rea d i l y perceive
that several article i n this number were prepared
engravings indnced u s to date fo rwarrl . \Ve sh all
b e prompt i n future.
=
NEW INVENTi O N S .- We h a ve a v ar ie ty of no t ic es
of new inventions on hand . which we are c o m p e ll e d
to defer for the present.
rial Navigation.
SWNOR lU Z [ O M U Z Z [ 's TRAVELL I N G B A LL O ON .
We d o u bt whether any event or circumstanc e has
t r a n spire d within the p re s e nt century, which has
s e rved to develope th e ignorance and gullibility of
th e citizens of New Y o r k , to so great an extent, as
j ui c e t h at of t h e in trod uction of Signor Muzzi's contri
v a n c p fo r fl' rial locomotio n . We have indeed been
d i s tresserl with m ingled s e n s at i o n s of regret and vex
ation, to w i t ness the ap pl a u s e of several of the m o s t
popul ar c i ty papers, and the names of several of our
professors of sciences, and men o f r e pu t e d scientific
att i n men ts, appended to a certificate of c o m men d a
ollle tion of a c o n t ri v a n c e , the futility of which is so
p a l pab l e at first s i ght, that a school boy of n i n e years
The n would ge censurable for dnllness i f he c ould not rea
d i ly detect it. But without pro c ee d i n g further with
The o l l r own opinion, we will present an il l u s t rate d d e ..
scription of t h e apparatus to our read ers, that they
llIay exercise th e i r ow n j ud g m ent o n th e s u bj ec t : -
of
This cut s n ffi cie n tly represents the machine ;
which consists o f a balloon 0 1 b all, ( A) made of
oiled silk or paper, and filled with hydrogen gas.
To this b alloon art) attached two inclined planes (B
B ) which are also constructed of light material and
secured i n their position by cords.
is a t rian g u l ar vane, tail, or r u dd e r (C) by which t h e
machine is steered on the prin c ipl e of a helm.
plan, or mode of ope r at i ng the machine, is to s n pp l y
it with a sufficient q u an tity of gas to canse it to as
Pour c e n d , while the inclined planes, enconnteri n g some
degree of atmospheric resistance,
off in an ob l iq u e direction, drawing the balloon with
them. Then, when the machine has ascended to a
sufficient h e ight, a part of th gas is to be let off or
c o m p re s sed , so as to cause the balloon to descend,
and by a sim pl e contrivance, th e position of the two
planes is rev ersed , the depressed ends being brought to
the front, they give the balloo n a n oblique direction
i n its descent. Thus, by a sc e n d i n g a m il e and again
descending, a m i le of horizontal rl istan c e is gained ;
a nd if t.h e atmosphere be e ntirely cal m , a m i l e llI ay
be travelled b o ut as qu i c k as a lanw ma n would
a
wal k the same d is t a n ce . B ut i f t h ert' h e the least
breeze of head win d , t h e game is u p .
m ea ns the b alloon is to be made to again as c e n rl ,
w i t ho u t a fre sh s u p ply of gas, the inventor h a s 1I0t
informed us-pe rh aps h e d o e s n o t exa ctly k n o w .
at Such, ge n t l e reader, is the invention which has
heen l au d e d by o u r first m e n and b i g ge s t editors, and
of wh ic h an aw k w a rd model h as re
of applause " from a " s e l e c t and fashio nable a ud i
( w h o paid fifty e e n ts each to witness t he
ence "
w o n der ,,> as th e n earest approach to successful rerial
n avigation that has ever been thought of, notwith
standing t hat ten years ago, in a popu l ar publ ic J our
nal of th i s city,-and again four years ago, in ano
ther city paper,-a plan was presented to them, with
a m pl e i l l u s t r ati ons, expl a n ation s and demonstrations
of an re r i al apparatns, on perfectly rational and es
t a blish e d principles, that will evidently navigate the
a
at m o s p here at s pe e d of one hund red
ho ur, with s afe ty , a nd perfectly at command ; b e i n g
in the form of an eliptic spindle, with
several t o n s , and d riven forward by the powe r o f
S l e a m, ap pl i e d to e v o l vin g , spi ra l fan-wh eels . *'
r
W hy then, it may be asked, h a s this new plan pro
d uced so much excitement, amongst t h e very peo
p l e w ho a p p e ar e d t o t ally indifferent t o the rational
plan 1 T h e answer is, s imply, that the scientific
plan was introd uced by an A merican, while the new
apparatus w a s invented by an Itahan ge ntl e man,
the aud ience knowing but littl e of th e merits of e i
ther.
With regard to the inventor,-Signor Muzzi,-he
appears to be a n u nassuming gentleman, desirous of
procuring asssistance to put his invention i n succ ess
ful o pe r a t i o n on a l arge scale. In this we may well
sympathise with him, and heartily wish him all pos
sihl su c c e s s ; but we should be glad to have our
citiz e n s of scientific pretensions, become better in
formed i n the p rinc i ples of n atural philosophy, than
they h av e m an i fes ted o n t his occ asi on .
We had intended to add some remarks on Mr.
West's eloquent l e c ture o n this subj ect, but must
But
de fe r thcm t i J I llext wee k .
We have a large engr avi n g o f this app aratus in pro
gr ess, and s h all present it w i th full explanations in two
or three weeks.
Electro-Plating.
'l' hi s in c o m pr e he nsi bl e art, which has been in use
a b out three y e ars, is truly val nable and must prevail
extensively, n o t wi th s t a nd ing the d i s ad v anta g e to
which its re p u t atio u has been subjected, in conse
q uen c e of the m'll ny impositions practised on the
public, by the unprincipled speculators .
been the first to introduce this art in the city of
New York, we h av e had opportunity for more ex
pe rien ce in the business, probable, t h an any other
p e rso n in the country; and c an say with co n fid enc e ,
that e i th e r gold-plating or s ilv e ri n g can be execu ted
by th e electro process, with greater b ea u ty and per
manence than c a n be done by the old process, yet at
l es s than one half the expense. B nt there is a
much deeper and extensive Imowledge of th e art
required, than is usu ally attaine .by ordinary practi
tioners, in o rde r to msnre durabilIty as well as beau
ty, t h ou g h there i s ill re al i ty , no difficulty in effect
i n g i t . ve n . iron , s t e l o r . pevter mar be 'p lated
directly WIth Ilver, whICh will firm ly ulllte W i th the
surfaces. I t is we ll known that many young men
hav e p a id fifty d o l l a rs cash for a mere superfi c i a l
k n o wl e d g e of the art ; but i .is o u r i nteution to gv e
in fu ture numb e rs , such m m ut e and complete iD
stru ctions in the various branches of this art, and of
the requisite apparatus, that any attentive reader
m ay a cqui re the art, mor!' pe rfe c tly than h s h en
hitherto understood by those who have paid hIgh
prices for instructioQ.
1845 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
Intere sting Experiments.
It frequently occurs; that s,ubstances of different
colours or even without colour, by coming in con
tact, produ c e colours very different fro m that of
either of the ingredients when separate ; thus, if
sheet of paper be striped in one direction with
hair pencil dipped in a solution of sub-carbonate of
potas ; and then crossed with a solution of sulphu
ric acid, diluted with five times as much water, it
w i l l be colourless ; but dip it in a mi xture of a weak
solution of suI phate o f iron, and infusion of nut galls,
and it will instantly become a beautiful plaid ; the
ground being purple, striped one way with black
and c rossed with whit e .
If a similar paper be striped with sub-carbonate
of potas and crossed with infusion of galls, and af
terwards dipped i n a solution of sulphate of iron, it
will become purple, y e l l ow, black and white.
Stain some parts of a sheet of paper a purple
brown, with a mixture of infusion of galls and sul
phae of iron : stain other parts green with a mix
ture of tinctures of turmeric and litmus ; stain other
parts purple' with juictl of red cabbage ; o ther parts
red, with tinc ture of litmns and mnriatic acid ; other
parts yellow with tincture of turmeric ; wash the
remainder of the sheet with a solution of sulphate
of iron, which will remain white . Then print or
draw with a camel-hair pencil, any figure or figures
on every part of the paper, with a solution of sub
carbonate o f potas . On the purple brown. the fi
gu re will be blac k ; on the green it will be purpl e ;
on the purple it will be green ; on the red it will b e
blue ; on t h e yellow, red ; a n d o n the white it will
take a yellow c olour. Thus the figure will appear
i n colours different fro m the ground in every part.
Immerse a piece of white cotton in a solution of
In addition there sulphate of iron-it will remain white : dip another
piece in tincture of turmeric, it will take a y e l l ow ;
The wet another piece with j uice of red cabbage, con
taining also a few drops of muriatic acid,-it will be
red ; dye another piece green by i mmersing i t in a
mixture of tincture of turmeric and litmus ; and
another pnrple, by a mixture o f infusion of galls and
naturally IIhoot
sulphate of iron. Let them dry ; then immerse
them altogether in a solution of sub-carbonate of
potas. The white will be changed to a yellow ; the
yellow to a re d ; the red to green ; the green to pur
ple ; and the purple to black ; and it is not improba
ble that black might be ma t eria lly changed
bleached by the same simple solution.
= Cure of sm o ky chimneys-A ugustus H am an ,
Rational Religion.
\V hat i t ru e and rational re l igi on 1 In answer
i n g t h is important q u es t i o n , we s h a l l come to the
)Jo i n t at O l l C C , w i thout prej udice or sectarian influ
A n d b y what
e n c e ; and l ay ing aside a l l traditionary s u pers tit ion,
which has had i t s origin in clerical policy, inquire
what is now t he will of the blessed Deity, with re
gard to the c on d uct of the children o f m e n . What
course of cond uct, in us, frail , erring human crea
t u re s , w i l l now, un d e r all the present existing cir
c e ive d . . rou nds
e u m stan e es, bl' ac c e p t a bl e and approved by our di
vine Creator, who c o n t i nual l y watches over us, and
observes our every act, and the thoughts of our
he arts 1 W e have so dilligently examined the an
swer which we are abut to give to these questions,
and so attentively viewed the subj ect in all its be a r
ings, and with all its eviden ces and demonstrations,
that we can not think it possibl e th a t there is any
ground to do ubt its correctness. F irst, then, let us,
as rational creatures, b e ever ready to acknowledge
God as our Creator and daily Preserver ; and that
miles per
we are each of us individnally dependant on his spe
cial care a n d good will to w ards 11S, in su pporting the
a b uoyancy of
wonderful action o f nature which constitutes our ex
istenc e ; and in preserving us from the casualties, to
which our complicated and delicate structure is lia
ble. Let us also, knowing our e ntire dependence o n
Divin e B e ne vo l e n'!e, a s rational creatures, do our
selves the honor to express personally and frequent
ly, our thanks to him for his good ness ; and to pre
sent our petitions to Him for the favours which we
constantly require. This course is rational, even
without the aid of revelation : but being spe
cially invited to this course, by the divine word, and
assured of the readiness of our C reator to answer
our prayers and recognize our thanks, it is truly sur
prising that any ration al being, who has ever read
the inspired writings should wiJJingly forego this
privilege, or should be ashamed to b e seen engaged
in this rational employment, or to have it known
that he practices it. Next to the worship of God by
thanksgiving and prayer, we skould repel and ban
ish all feelings of anger and bitterness toward our
fellow beings, and cherish love and kind feelings to
wards them. This course is also rational, having
th e example of God in his kind dealings to",,:ards us ;
and conduces at once, to the glory of God, the hap
piness of m ankind in general. and to our own indi
vidual happiness and prosperity i n particular. It i s
also a rational duty to be ever reconciled and resign
ed to the dispensations of Divine Providence ; and
to trust i n th e good ness and b enevolence of God for
the present and future, and to feel willing to have it
known amongst. our associates, that we follow a ra
tional course. This is rational religion.
...
RELIGIOUS INTELLIGENcE.-The following item
Having
is the more interestin g on account of a recent state
ment by one of the missionaries, that the Chinese
are supposed to spend $360,000,000 a n n ually for in
cense to burn before their idols :-
D R . P A RK ER O F THE CHINA 1\1 I S S I O :\' , i u a letter
recently received, says, that a report came to his
rs that a native C hinese had memorialized the
E mpe ro r i n relation to Christianity, forwarding at
the same time specimem. of Tracts, &c . , and that
the E mperor had returned an answer in which he
said that the publication of such Tracts was calcu
lated to promote virtue and happiness, and ought to
he encouraged. Dr. P arker wrote to the governor
to ascertain whether this was indeed the fact. The
governor in a v e ry curious reply, confirms the re
port, and added that the E mperor had concluded to
excuse those who embraced the Christian religion,
and believed in su ch Tracts, from the punishment
usually i n flicted .
...
THE GUARANTEE.-We shall present in our next
number a safe and satisfactory guarantee fo tbe
cOl.ltinua(lc e of this paJiler for a ye at lea.s.t.
N e w P a t e n t s.
(We are under special obl igations to the Commissioa
er of Patents, for furnish ing us wit h the followinl\' list
of Letters 1'atent, issu ed since July 1st, 1845. )
a
Names and residence of Patentees ,-subjects and dates
a
of Patents.
Raising and lo w e ri n g weights-E phriam Morris,
New Yo rk , J uly 5 th .
I nd i a rubber fabrics-C has. Goodyear, New Ha-
ven, C t . Jn l y 5 . ,
Ship's Anchors-N . P . .J ones, & J ames Rais
beck, N. Y. July 5.
Globes, mounting-Silas Co r n e ll , Roch e s t e r ,
N. Y. July 5 .
C ooking Stoves-\V. L . Po tt e r . C lifton P ark,
N. Y. July 5.
Saddle S p rin gs-J o h n F . L eh r, Hu ntsville, Ala .
July 5.
Washin g M ac h i ne- H arr i s on H a ga ns , B randons
vi l l e , Va. July 5.
T ru ss P ad s , double-Wm . R. Goulding, N. Y.
Jnly 5.
Ores, method r ed u c i n g iro n ore to malleable iron,
&c.-Wm . Neal, Clag, (England) ass igned to Wm .
Green, Jr. Woo dbridge, N. J. July 5.
Printer's Ink-E dward Clark, B rooklyn, N. Y .
July 5.
Hydro-oxygen ;Blow-Pi p!'-Robert Hare. M . D .
Philadelphia, .Ju l y 5 .
P lanin g Machine-Wm . W. Wo ods w orth . ad
m inistrator of Wm . Woodworth, d e ce ased , Hyde
P ark, N. Y. re - iss u e d , Ju ly 8.
Ornamental Stove-Samuel H. Ransom, Albany,
N. Y. July 1 0 .
Mode of adj u s t i ng T o gg l e Joint-S . W. Bul
lock, Willi amsb u rg , N . Y . J u l y 1 0 .
Piano F ort e-S am u e l R. \Varren, Mo nt re al, Ca
nada, July 1 0 .
Winnowing, F an M i JJs-Isaac T. Grant, Shagti
coke, N. Y. J u l y 1 0 .
Machine for screw fin ishing-Cu llen \Vhipple,
Providence, R. J. July 1 0 .
Sugar Making-Joseph F rancois L ap i ce, Asa'e.
of Charles Louis Derosne, France, ( A mer. patent)
J uly 1 0 .
Hemp B rak e-Col e ma n C . E stes, Maury Co.
Ten n . July 14.
P lou gh-Samuel S h e a re r, B ig- P rairie, Ohio,
July 1 4 .
'l'hrashing Machine-J . T . & E . \Varren, N . Y .
J u ly 1 4 .
E xcavator a n d Ditcb i ng--Robert C u m m i n g s ,
Lima, la. July 14.
Propeller-Horatio H u b b e l l , Moyamensing, Pa.
J uly 14.
O r n a m ental O pen S tov e-Ja gger, Treadwell, &
P e rry , Albany, Assigness of Exra Ripley, Troy,
N. Y. July 1 4 .
or Air-'r;gh Stove-Benj . Starbuck, Assignee of
Anson Atwood, Troy, N . Y. July 14.
Washington , D. C. J uly 22.
Cooking Stove-E . Johnson & D. B. Cox, Troy,
N. Y. July 22.
Carriages-John Kimhall, Kinnebun k, Me. July
22.
Turning L athe, for irre gu l ar forms--Warren
Hale, & Al l a n Goodman, D an a, Mass. July 22.
Ma n agin g B ees-Elias P arks, Wheatfield, N . Y.
July 22.
M a n u f cture s of H ats- J o h n N. Genen, New'
York , J u ly 22.
V e ntil a t i n g Hats-Goo. W. C herry , Alexandria,
D. C. Ju ly 26.
B rick Makin g-J. P ars o n s Ow e n , Cincinnatti,
Ohio, July 26.
Atm o s p he r i c Rail-way-.Tames Pilbro", E lllWIud
July 26.
Water Wheel-R . C. Gran t , Pomeroy, O. J uly
26.
Rf'action Water-Wheel-Orin W . S eely Assig
nee, of J oshua Evered , L odus, N . y, July 30.
Reaction Water- Wheel-Abner C h apman, F ort
Miller B rid g e , N. Y . Jul y 3 0 .
T w i st Augu r-E z ra Ch a pma n , Chester, Ct., re
issued, July 30.
Castors-Philos, Eli W . & John A. Blake, New
Haven, C t. rei s s ued , Ju l y 30.
Plough-Wm. B ullock-J e rsey C ity, N . J . J uly
30.
B ee-House-Abraham Decker, Walnut Town
ship, Ohio, Jnly 30.
Hot-Air F urnace-Gard ner Chilson, B oston,
Mass. A u g . 4 .
Stove-Jehiel T . Farrand, Port Byron, N. Y .
Aug. 4 .
B alance for Time Keeper-John Bliss & F .
C reighton, New York, Aug. 4 .
Harness Collar-F . C . C urtis, C olumbia, S . C .
Aug. 4 .
M o d e o f casting Type-Thos. W . Starr, Phila
delphia, P a . A ug. 4 .
B ugles, keyed o f Turtle shell-Geo. W . S haw,
Thompson, Ct. Aug. 4 .
Artificial N i ppl e-E lij ah Pratt, N e w York, Aug.
4th .
Uterine S upporter-Ephraim C alvin, North
Granville, N . Y., Aug . 4th.
B ottles for nurs ing- E l ij a h P ratt, New York, Au
gust 9th.
Saddles-B enjamin Suits, C hittenango, N. Y . ,
Aug. 9th.
Butt H inge-Jamcs Itoy & C o . , Troy, N. Y.,
reissued Aug. 9th.
Paper Manufacturing-Arthur Varnham, Lon
don, E ng . , Aug. 9th.
Reflecting Heat B aker-Wil l i a m Tainter &. H.
S. Orton, P orter county, Ia.
Hot Air Furnace-Adrian Janes, New York , Au
gust 9th .
C locks-E li Terry, P lymouth, C t . , Aug 9th.
P reparing P rovisions-D. L ardner & James Da
vidson, New York, Au g . 9th .
Gas B urner-Wm. B lack, B osto n , Aug. 9th.
lmpro vement i n Cooking Stoves--Hosea Huntly,
Rochester, N. Y., A u g . 1 6 th .
C onstruction of Hose-Horace H . D ay, Jersey
C ity, N . J., Aug. 1 6th .
L athe C utting Machines-Solom o n F . F inch &
James Wheeler, Rootestown, Ohio , A u g . 1 6th.
Machines for making wooden p eg s- T hom a s A .
Robertson , Georgetown, D . C . , A u g . 1 6 th .
Improvement in Grinding Mills-B eriahJ Swift ,
Washington, N. Y., Aug. 1 6th.
Clover Hulling M ach ine-S am u el W. Powell ,
Turbet, Pa., Aug. 1 6 th.
Improvement in Door Locks-Angus McKinnon,
New York, Aug. 1 6th.
W a sh in g Machine-Harvey \V. $,l'orrr. 8,\H.I
ville, N. Y., Au g. 1 6th.
=
SECOND ADVE N TISM.-A gentleman writing from
E ngland , states that a religious excitement similar [0
American Millerism, has c o m menced in that coun
try, u n d er t he au spi c es of late minist e rs of t h e es
tablished church, who preach the approaching sec
ond advent of the Saviour ; but that the preachers
have all been s uspe n ded by the establ ish ed church.
It could no t be expec te d , that the dign itaries of that
church would tolerate the preaching of the proba
bility of an event, by them dreaded as one that would
destroy all their fair proilpects with their enormou.
s al ari es, and ho no urs of this world.

i-ii Most numero us are the inventiona lost to the world
for agee, and m any doubtless to this day, be
inventors, being poor, could not bri ng them out. To
nmedy this evil to s ome extent, the following plan is
auggeated.
RARE PROJECT.
G PECK & co. h aving, a nd being offered, several
new i nv en tions, worthy to be tested a nd b rou ght
out, preaent to the public the follOwing liberal offers.
One i nven t ion promises great usefulness to most cities
vill ages, and farmers ; o ne, gre at a id to ' agriculture
One, greater safety and cheapness to rail-road convey
ance ; on e a great saving of expense, time and toil in
education, &c.
T hey r quire means to bri n g them into use. If many
. C ha rl es O' Ne al , Dan en, G eo .
WIll furn ISh each a httle the burden wil l be light-the
succes almost certa i n , .a nd the advantage the greater ;
and this ad va nta ge t he mve n tors will gl adly share with
the helpers. In c urrin g m u c h exp e n se, a nd risk i ng mu.ch
themselved, it cannot be p resumi ng too much to trust
tht'I! <Ilr _in:-,;,!"e, : public wil l see i t to be liberal, and
wile to risk a little and invest the small sum proposed
on t h e terms here offered.
It is little a ny can lose if he were to get no return,
while we must lo s e far mpre, even for a d vertis ing, if
none accept our offe rs . Bnt t h ey will h ave some retnrn
and may m u c h g ai n . L et th e n ea ch . s end us his n am
and $2, or 25 c ents weekly for te n weeks, and se
cure the adva n t age s of these i n ven tions.
We add one other conl>ideration. Had Fitch, who
first pplied steam to pro pel a boa t, and was the real
first mv e ntor of s te a m b o ats, received a little a id , steam
boats woul d have been in o peration more than 50 years
ago, and o ur, cou n ry would have had the undisputed
honor of the l DventlOn. But he ex h austed his means
none would h el p- a nd th ough he knew it was worth
millions, he d i ed in poverty, and our cou ntry was the
loser for a h al f century .
WORTHY ATTENTION.
A sh a re or town right of a val uabl e patent-50 or 100
acres of good fann i n g land ; $2, $30 or $85 cash a
copy of the circular interest tables, or useful Essay' to
be had on easy t erm s.
The patent share will be sent to a n y on e who sends
us $2, or 25 cents week ly for ten wCf!ks, which share
.
will be worth $5 or more.
Th e town rig h t will be his who procures 25 share
lubscrlb ers and sends us t h e money. The 50 acres his
.
wbo sends us the mon ey for 1 50 s u bs cribe rs witbin three
months. The 100 acres his who sends us for 300 i n
four mo nth s . ,! he $2 h i s who sends us the $2 e a c h for
.
2 subscnbe rs ID 2 m o n th s . $30 his w ho sends for 1 00
.
In 3 !D0nths, $85 hl w h o sends for 250 in 6 m onth s.
:r h e lD.terest tabl es or Ess ay shall be lIis who sends us
Immediately the n am es of each wa ggo n, carriage, plou gh
or harn es s maker, of e ac h farmer who keeps bees or silk
,,!orm s ,.o o wn ers of fu rn a ces or forges , of each physi
Cian, mullster, teacher, m ill er, tan ner and merchant of
the villa ge
.
or town where he lives, twenty-five names
o
or m re ; and also a share of the patent ri gh t if he sends
25 o r more n ames and 25 cents c a s h with i n o n e mo nth .
The patent share to eac h of those who pay $2 within
8 wees fro"? n ext Septemb er I, or before, will embrace
thre: mve tlOns ; to thos e who pay in th e next 5 weeks,
two I DVentl O ns j an d but one to ot hers and not this un
leIS c ash is received in 4 m ont hs , unle8s we choose. T h e
'
essay or tables will a ls o be h is who pays before Septem
ber 20th. What we desire is speedy wo rk-hen ce these
large premiu ms. Most important in ve n tions will t hu s
be secu red , a nd a profitable share to e ac h.
We als o offer t o any one who wi l l send us $ 10 $30
7i) or $ 1 25, to give him H, 9, 27 or 54 s h llres on .third
ID each of th ree i n ve nt ion s , or a tOWIl ri gh t of n e two
o N C ; J SpofI())'() , E a s t Thomaston, 1\1 (' ; 1\1 Ad ms, Ad:
or three of t h e patents, and a p rivi l ege to s ell rights, at
g:eat profit ; a d he may o;om m e nce at o n c e . We can
go:1 busmess o f this kind DOW. If our project
give
meets With the favor we expe c t we ahall be abl e to give
a gr eat deal of bus iness of t h i s kind and thus greatly
p romte enterprize and industry. We have the best
macillne to cl ean whe a t of smut, garlic, &c.; price $75.
Over 70 h ae be;n put in opera tio n in o n e cou n ty in
We h ave also the best c u l tiv ator for
e l.lDsylvaDla.
tilllDg corn and p u tti n g in wheat and rye, from $ 6 to
$ 1 5. Als? t he neatest, h a ndiest and swiftest straw cut
.
te r of Its Size, for $ 1 2. Offic e for orders at room 13, 25
. New York
Pme street, next to t h e Custom House.
The inventions will be of different val ues, and wi l l be
pm lUto ucn number of sh ares as will make e ach share
worth $0 or more. We wil l d ispos e of t h e rights, keep
,
the acc ou n ts an d p ay. to sh are holders the dividends.
We shall a lso fro m tim e to ti me, quarterly or oftener
se n d them a paper giYing them a full account of th e in:
. n s, as far as
ven uo it will be best to publish it. We
s ha ll send th em' the first in September. L e t i t a nnou nce
that u b8cri b ers e al r ead y in to se c u re the Whole project.
. AGENT S WANTE D F OR SEARS' PICTORIAL HISTORY OF THE AMERIC AN
It will not fall If no more subscribe than we already
have . . We c a n do a l i ttl e , and each who h elp s will a id
us to do 1Oe ; thus none Will .
lose , but if m any h el p, the
bettr Will It be to each. One of th e most promising in
v e ntJo s will be very cotly o start. We w an t 10,000
_
,ubscnbers for It . : but It will be worth
ten times the
cost ; a nd it is certain of s u c c ess , it has been 80 far test
ed. T e oth rs are very excellent in promise.
:rhe m ventln s are very i m o rtant ; the l a n d good in
this State or 10 P e nnsylva n i a ; the Tab l es useful and
the Es say on a subject of deep intere st to all ; ad th tl
nodlcal we sha occasion ally send, free of charge,
. .
WIll be of g neral l n erest to farmers, m e ch an i cs, paten
and owners of m ine ral s' and
.
tees, phYSICIans, mmlSters,
to all.
It is t hu the interest of all to push this proj ect. Let
the each Im rove thiS o ffer at on c e, and have t h e sat is
fa tlo n of aldmg to bring o u t great inventions that pro
mise vast bel1efit to mankind, and good profi t to t he
h elpe rs, as well as timely aid to s ome worthy inventors
ho are struggling wi t h poverty, whom we greatly de
Nre to aid. Now is the WORD ! Now or n ever . If
QUICKLY done, it will bc DONE an d WELL done' Mat ches , &c
and a GOOD THING done.
It will be easy for two or more to u n ite, write their
names m . a l e tter, put
ID the money, and d ire ct to G . well matched and trained work i n g cattle , and new and
Peck f!' o., ew York. T :,e ll i ilil will bring it safe, or
we Will flsk It, and pay the postage.
Ne Y ork , Au ust, 1 845 . G. PECK &. CO.
. E ltors w ho Will notice this rare proj e c t and advertise
It, will I?romote a great pu bl i c good, and shall share Ii
ally m the advantage they prom ote . For 13 lOser.
tlons o the proj t:ct in full, they shall receive 5 of the
three ri gh t s hnres.
Besid s the g u ara n t e e, which the expense we have
eadr Incurred for patents, models, m ac hi n es , ad vertis.
109, &c . to make t h e se pro pos ah, gives, to warrant con
fidence at l ens t to the little extent we ask we are fa
' I n a S l rit's of ProJTp.::mi\,{l EXp.rC1es, & c .
vored wi th the following certificate, si gned by Hon. R .
.
la t e mayor and present post-mDBter, and by Portraits, from im p e rfectio n s i n t h e Pl ates t h e s u b sc ri b
H . Morn6,
Hon. F. A . Tall m ad ge, the present recorder of New er begs l eave to i n for m them th at he is a n u factu rin g
York :-
': Messrs. G. Pck .t. Co. wish ing the public to favor been used i n this coun try. These Platf!s have b een fair.
thel! busmes8, thiS certifies, that, from our perso nal ac
quamtance we are assured that co nfide n ce in their pro
posals will not be mis pl ac ed .
ROBT. H. MOR RIS,
., ",-,
j F. A. TALLMADGE .
" New York, August, 1 845."
N. B.-We bave one i n vention , well tested worth
$ 100,000, the profits of wh i c h from this State 0;
Ma ss a
chusetts will be t hr ee times th at sum in the next five
years. It needs a capital of $26,000. A half can be
had for this .sum, one half as capital, and an e qual
sum to b e paid out of the . half of the first avails.
rr::T All .our travelling and c i ty agents will have re a nd Mess rs . L ltch .& Whipple, !}6 Washington-st. Boston .
.
cei pts to give, Signed by us. Pos t m as ters , Editors , and
others, actmg as local agents, in t ow n s and villages N . Y.' Manufactured an d sold wholesale and retail b
where thev are known , will give their own receipts,
wnlcll Will Oil LtUlY acknowledged by G. Peck & Co.
a u 22
DAGUERRE OTYPE APPARATU S
A
ND MATERIALS.-JOHN R OACH, O p tician ,
No. 2 Nassau-street, NeW-York, is co ns ta ntly
manfactunn , aud has on h a n d all a rticles of the best
q uahty used .lU the D ag uerreotype p roc ess .
Plates ,
.
Cases and C h emicals can be h ad as cheap, if not ch eap
er, than f om any other est abl is h men t, all warranted of
C a me ras of his own manu fac ture, as well
good quality.
as Fre ch and G erman o n e s .
Any a r ticle or instrument
sold Will not be re p res e nted to be of different manufac
ture from what it really is. Orders from the country by
exp ress or othe r wi se, will be punctually atte n ded to . '
au23
N A T I O N A L W 0 R I!
LIST OF AGENTS.
G R E A T C h arles Braina rd , 16 State street, B ost on .
Colon & A d ri a n ce , 21 Arc a d e, Philadelphia.
C . A. H i nkle y , B al timore.
PICTORIAL HISTORY OF TIIE AiE RICAN REVOL UTION.
Thoma.s Wemple, Albany.
M i c h a el Down es, New Haven, Ct.
Peter Cook, H artford, Ct.
W. H . . Pratt, Springfield, Mass.
L. C . Lyman & Co, M iddl eto wn Ct.
H. P. B arn es, P i ttsfiel d , M ass .
,
T. D i ck i n s o n , Newark , N Y.
E . Hopkins, Lyo n s , N Y.
: R. G. Slivery, Ro me, N. Y.
J. G . Thompson and S. R icker, utlt BerW Ick, Me.
S. xones, Colchestp.I, C t .
Col. A. P. C he sl e y , Hu ron , O .
M aj or J. Na t h a n s, Qui n cy, Flo.
J. Hu nt e r, Thompsonville, Ct.
H. S. Snow, Meriden, Ct.
Daniel Cohh, Providence, R 1.
Sa fford &. Parks. Norwich. C t .
R . Kidney, j r. Newark, ]1; ' J _
W. Sol om on , N ew B ru ns w i c k , ]I;" J .
Thomas B"y n t on , 'Vi n d sor, V t .
LIST OF LETTE RS
; Recently 1'eceit'ed Inl busil1ess cO/meded vit" th'i , pllJler.
W W Kinne, M D, Freemansburg, N Y ; N White,
Bucks port, me ; P M, R i pley, Ohio ; C W R o ck h ol d '
C anton, 1IJ ; J R W i ld m a r, Da nbury , Ct ; D Melville
Newport, R I ; T D i ck i n s o n, N e wa rk , N J ; P M AI
ford, Mass ; E Gri swold , D e l awa re, Ohio ; H P Merri
m an! C lin to n, Ill ; P M, N ew H arm o ny , Ia ; G F Snow ,
M enden, Ct ; P M , Rome, N Y ; S Parks, P M, S Ber
Wi. ck, Me ; P M, H a nc oc k , Md ; E G Chand l ee , B M
Hou s e, Md ; John W Tr u s ton , Whtheville, Va ; Ja mes
L Drake, L oud o nvi ll e , 0 ; P M, G ui lford, N Y ; P M,
Greene, N Y ; P M, H u ron, 0 ; L G More Bellefoun
taine. 0 ; D P ec k , Naples, N Y ; P 1\1, W i nch este r C en.
tre, Ct ; I' M, a u c h Chu nk, I'a ; I' M, Ben to n , N Y ;
' P M, BrownSVille, Pa ; J T Grnn l , Pri nc e to n , N J ;
P M, Hazelton, Pa ; P M, New A l exll ndria, I'll ; A S
ren ch, Dexter, Mc ; P M, North ElIst, Md ; P M , Bur
lingto n , Mass ; P M, West Willchester, N H ; A V Hol
by, Williston , Vt ; P M, West :\l idd l c t o n , I'a ; A Glea
so n , Uniollville, Ct ; P M , Wejlsboro', I'a ' P M B e .
lair, Md ; P M , H i l l s d a l p , N Y; W :-; Fritis, ()ne n l n ,
N t ; A Palm,'r, P M, Sti l l water, N Y ; P M , U n i o n
town , Pa ; .p , Auhurn, Mass ; E I' P h i n n ey, \\'nrrey ,
R I ; H H ilI , Jr, C u l pepper, Va ; L A n i bal, .Hens o n .
A B O O K F OR E V E RY F A MI LY! N Y ; P M , Al l owa y, N Y ; P M, CoIlS N e c k , N Y ;
P M, Meth u e n , M ass ; P M, Narau agus, M e ; U .
We ld, M ar c e l l u s Fal ls , ]I;" Y ; P 1\1, M idd leborough,
A M E RI OA.
Ma s s ; J R Walter, C an to n, 1II ; A friend to .. The A m e
TO TH E PEO PLE OF
-----. ---
rican," Franklin, Tenn ; P M , Farmer, N Y ; T Skel
l r ge and han ds o me octavo of between F OUR
AND
A Beauti ful l y Illustrated Vohune-pur ely American in i ts character an d design, forming a a ton, H a nn iba l , N Y ; J G T h om pson , N or w i c h , N Y ;
FI VE HUNDRED PAGES ; wit h several h undred engravings ! II? All Postma sters
are her eby authorized to act as Agents . J G ard en , C h ristiansbur/,:, Va ; P 1\1, L it t le to n , N H ;
P M, F u l t o n . N Y ; J H V l'rm i l l i o u , Newbern, V a ;
RETAI L P R I C E $2 () () BOU N D I N M U S L I N, G I L T . M oshe r & Al l en, U n ! o n S pr i n gs , N Y ; P M, Pike, N
AS F O L L O W S :- Y j S Parks, l\1 a ltavllle, N Y ; P G Sm i t h , Mont pel ie r,
T il E T I T L E OF T il E W O R K I S
Vt ; Thomns B oyn to n , Windsor, Vt ; P M , North Brook
fie ld, M as s j P M, Liberty, N Y ; H P Waugh, G ray
THE PICTORIAL H I S T O RY s on, Va ; R Sackett, May v i lle, N Y ; P M, M adison,
ya ; P M, Weston , M as ; L J C h a bot, E l kr i d g e Land
mg, Md ; P M, Northaml, to n , Mass ; P M, J a m a i c a
OF
Iains, Mass ; P ]\f , ( u i ll c y , Florid a ; C O 'Neal , Da
T H E A M E R I C A N R E V 0 L U T I 0 N; nel., G a ; P M, M a rion, 0 ; P M, H ol id " ys bu rg, Pa ;
P M, Huron, () ; S Hill, D a n v i l l e , N Y ; I' M, C e n t re
WIT H AN ACCOUNT OF THE E A RLY HISTORY OF THE COUN TRY. ville, La ; P M, G u i ldfonl , C t ; Wm 11 A I I " n , ElizabetI.
INDEX j C ity, N C ; P M , Cnbots v i l le, M ass ; P M , New Mil,
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE \JNITED STAT E S , AND A C H R O N O L O GI C A L
ford, C t ; Wm Sherwood, Southport, C t ; B H oi t, P 1\1 , .
St ll n fo rd , C t ; P M, Bristol, It I ; C F Sus!uorfr Salem '
ILLUSTRATED ,V I T H SEVERAL HUNDRED ENGRAV INGS!
ams Basin, N Y ; () It Hopll ins, C l a n'nce, N Y ; P M,.
b e editor to make it every w":y worthy ..r liberal
It. i. t. ,e. d e lerm i n a t i on of Ihe p u L l i , i I e r to 'pore ",ilber p a i n o nnr eX- to excite. has encouraged tsale can only cnabl,: th e publisher to olfer It '!t the Ne w hul:Y , V t ; P M , Ilrook fi.ld, Ct ; E Hopk i n s , Ly o n s
I
pc.e to make thi, .worl' p :' r l ;' c tl y ocCP". i h l tn ,,'erpfmnil.q tlmmghollt tlte p atro n ge . An ext. en8ive
prosented lo prIce proposed Postm!l"ter8 and otb,:" Wlshmg to a as Agenll,
. will reo N Y ; S Jones, Colch,ster. C t .
en/,,'e COU1I/ ry . 11 1< oue ot th" . n1O " t all r " " t l Vt' and ch('.I"'t ever
ct
addreli8mg. post.pald.
to the patronage . of Ibe Aml'rtcu" Vl'o ple. The prf'
hR8 been attended with gT."t Inhor Hnd ox pen.". H I STORY require. a dis-
f Hu'atlO n of the work I
celve all necess ary
.
mform ation by
. ..
.
tant eminenct", n'om \\'hich to t a ltt) an impaltial viI!'" of the charactp.r of the B E E 1 1 I'; & U :-; T A H
transnctions which RJl umit thpm.c 1 v P I 10 t l , , r<""",l i , , I"'n : h u t more than
half 0. r.entnry ha now c l np!ud .i ncc th .... colo n i atll lj rt H !"Ierterl the ir in e .
d
en D .1.
__ c::>l.-. PubluhtT,
" , alld
. ' Edt"tor ( ;
I f A TT E 1{8,
pendence ; aud the I{cncratioll, wh(}( ard l H H I H t r l l g !-; ) f n,'l lic\"("!d 80 glorious JliU. I ',ti BROA D W AY .
\
a re.ult, h a. pa""ed away l o thc sjj,Jl t l .. m h .
it l .ou t npel"ity ;
1 2 8 Nassau Street New York .
, ESPECTFU LLY i n vite those Who are in want of a
whole wurlt , lh f"diwr h llK a h l ll . l l o cltJ j l l lit'p
to.:
" ARS.-8eaN' beau R SUMMER HAT, to c all at their establ i s h m e n t and
the
Cdr"' T wo VALU A B L E P u n r.ICATIONS FOR THREE DOJ.L
Through
to appland patrioti!Jlll, hut 1I0t to j U lify i t " t X I ' ('f ' H ; 10 I ' u l l d e m n t :.rann y
above work com lete
,
the tifal Pictorial F AMILY MAGAZINE for on yea, and the
bnt not to overlook the virtnc of many of i t " j nt rnOlcnl. "' ; : 1 1 1 ( 1 10 (xhjbit
fundi get themselves fi tt ed with one of theIr 'PI'c l u l l )" a d m i red
Dollars, remitted m
Idudly pn'"rect of the '- U T U tlF; more .tn m ll" l , I i i " " Ih .. i rri t K t i " g" " ' 1' .. ("1 of the will be fu rnished foruThree
or E astern
CRAN IUM PROTECTORS, ", l igh t, a i r y , e l a s t i c a u d beauti
'l'hn gre ft t inteJ'f!lit that tIle han! mt'litioll of H UC ' ! . 11 w o r lt i (:Illcu l ated . free of postage, t hro gl1 the fu l, tha t OLD SoL, through i l s u g n'cablc lint! c ooli ng in.
postmasters.
I' A ST .
:-_-=-=-=.-==--=-- _ .:...r;.:. _ __. . _ -------- --- ----. - ------ terven ti on, is fairly set at defia nce.
ItJ P L E A S E T O R E A D T H I S. c::CtI They have now in rea d i ne ss a variety of SUMMER
HATS, not to be met with ev erywh ere, and to su ch as
TO YO U N G M E N OUT OF E M P LOY M E NT. are particular in their choice of that most essential fea- .
ture of " the Man," they offer an u n r i valled chance for.
selection.
A splendid new article of
REVOLU TION.
LEGHORN CAPS FOR C HILD R EN,
with a v a riety of STRAWS , PANAMAS, &c. A hNoutifill
strictly moral and bQsi
TilE S UBSCRIB ER wishes to engage a numher of YOUNG MEN of
article of W alking Stick, c alled the MALACCA CANE ;
with Cane Umbre l l a s , Cane Fish i ng-rod s , C arpet Bags,
; and a certain DISTR IC T f
ness habit.s. A capital of from $50 t.o $100 will be r equired &c. &c. au2a
ials of character wIl)
COUNTR Y will be secured to each Agent . Unexcep tionable testimon
DAGUERREOTYPES.
be required. Address, ROBERT SEAR S,
RATT & CO.'S GALLERY OF COLOURED P H O TO
IT All letters must be post paid, to insure attention. 1 28 Nassau St., N. Y. City. P GRAPHS, No. 293 B roadway, La forge Buildin gli>
nooms Nos. 3 1 aud 32, up stairs.
A MERICAN INSTIT U T E F AI R. VAL UAB L E R E C E N T P U B L I CAT I O N S E. W. P R A TT, late operator for Plumbe, flatters him
self th at he can give as good satisfaction as any other
T
HE EIGHTEENTH GREAT FAIR OF THE professor of t he art. The public are requested to call
AMERICAN INSTITUTE at NIBLO'S G AR DEN, and ex amin e s p ecime ns. PriCtl will vary from $1 to
New.York.-The Fair will open on M o nd ay, the 6th of B Y H A R P E R & B R O 'l' H E R S, N E W - Y O R K. $ 15.
October next, at 12 O'clock, M. The d ill'S fo r deliver Likenesses of d ecease d persons taken in any part of
ing a r ti c l es at the G ard e n , THURSDAY, FRIDAY a nd SA this city and vicinity.
Plates, Chemicals a n d C ase s for sal e at th e lowest
I.
I VtIJ.
TURDAY pre v iou s. The National Convention of Far
I
mers, G ard en ers, and Sil k C u l t u r ists , will be h E'ld on A BOOK :I;' OR l1VER l'AMILV. OAMPS:DLL'S 2HETOlUO. pri ces .
!
T h u rS d ay, 9th October. Delegat es, wi thout furt h e r n o fuhlishl llg III numbers. t. ;j cnts e-:l(;h, t w e l \" tll elllllplei. 1 11 1 vol. 1 2nHl, hound. Pnf!e $1 2.
Instruction will be given on mor e re aso n a bl e t erms
the w'lrk. 1 I J 1l t rlll fd hy ) 1)00 wood e llgra\ i IlX!i. i
t ice, aTe i n vi ted from all part of t h e Union . The C at T H E P H I L O S O P H Y OF R H E T O R I C . than at any other establishment in the ci ty . au22
tle Show will he held on the ((round between 23d and
T H E HJ C Y C L O PJ O I A O F D D M E S T I C E C O N O M Y , i B Y GEORG E C AMPBELl., V.D., F R . S
Pl ou ghi n g and S pad i ng CUlIIpnlllllg a C"( l m p l .: l b C i rde of l\.uuW ltH.. Igtt c:mtnf';cr.(1 OR the accommodation of the Publ ic, at the Old
24th streets, 5tb Avenue.
., as us u a l . Head Quarters for ManagE'rs, .'1t.h l Iuu!ll kelpiltg, &c., i1ll:l n d l llg a large A mflnnt IIf I I C IX. F St a nd , 276 Bowery.-Bl:NEDICT & SON, would
C om mi ttees, &c., secured in th e M adison Cott"ge. F i n e ful lufnrmo.tiotl un all lllatters of i ntcrco:sl tu tilt' F:uui l -v C l r-
respectfully i nfo rm their customers and the public in
SCml'"T'URAL CHRONOLOG'I'.
c.
horses for draft, healthy fat c attl e, and sheep for market, I n 1 " 01 . Svu, sheep . Pn('o $3 00. general, that th ey have been refitting th eir establisbment
II.
lind renewing their stock of Goods, consisting of the fol
TRE PLAFJ.'ONIC TIIIlOLOG1Z". A C H R O N O L O G I CA L I N TR O D U C T I O N TO THE lowing articles , viz. Gold and Silver R & G Beesley and
useful i nv ention s , will command h igh er premiums than
In I ,u1. 1 21110, halltlanlely print.ed. P r i c e $1 ao. M I Tobias L evers, Ch ronometers, D u pl ex, L epi n e and
H I S T O R Y O F T H E C H U RC H :
at any pre ceu in g Fair. An o pen in g, a nDlversary, &c.
lJeing n new hu.l'l i ry i nto the trne Dutftll 1)( the Birth &I,d,
. Addresses will be del i ve red by the most cminent o rato rs P L A T O A G A I N S T T il E A T f! E I S T S , Deat h of C h rist, with all original H:um9lly of the (.i OllJ"t.t o ther Wat ch es, too nu merou s to mention. Jewelry,
?f ou r country. T h e peo ple of this grea t R epu b l i c I\re \\'ith C r i tical Notes and D i ssertat lOu:> . lluw first nrranged in the Order of Tim., &. consisting of fine diamond pins and rings, gold chains
I Dvoked z ealousl y to co-opl'rate in carry ing out t h i s ex B Y T A Y I. E R L E W I S, LI .. l1 . . & c . , IlY R E V . S F. JARVIS, D . D . , Ll . D and miniature cases, gold fob afl!1. vest c h a ins, Ladies'
hibiti o n, which promises far to ex c e ed a nyth i n g that has o f t h e University uf N e w - Y;.rL . and Gents' fine bosom brooches, aDtl a handsome assort
X.
gone before. au23 ment of rich gilt and m arbl e parlo ur c locks .
Ill. JE" IlESOOTT'S NEW WOJUL Our Silver Ware consists of spoons, forks , kri ives, su gar
LA'l'IN VllRSlI'I CA'rION'. In 3 lu'nut.ifI11 Ynl 8vv, with fime IUlgrn.yingK. J'rlCf'l $0 00 to n gs, so u p, ladle, s alt, mustard a nd egg spoons, &c. ,.
DAGUERREO TY PE. Prioe 90 cellt.s.
I n 1 \'01. 1 2JUfl, RhflP.p. H I S T O R Y O F T il E C O N Q U E ST OF M E X I C O .
L ATES ! ! PLATES ! ! !-To Daguerreo
w h i ch are warranted to be as pure as co in . Silver sets
:,? made to order. A good assortme n t of Bri tan n i a and
P
LATES !
type .I1rtnu and .I1mateurs.-In c on s eq ue nc e of re A S Y S T E M OF L AT I N V E R S I F I C AT I O N , \-V i t h a }lre l i m i l 1 :try V i t' w o f Ancient l\l ol;can Civihzu.1l0D
BY W. J L PRESCOTT, ESQ. Plated Ware constantly on hand. You are invited to
peated complai n ts from Artists of failu res to obtain fi n e call and examine for yourseh'es.
BY CHARLES ANTHON, L L . D .
G old Wa t c h es, from $ 15 to $ 1 25 apie c e, and war
Xl.
IV. Pl'tlJ900TT'S I'EIlDINA1I1D. r anted to keep good time, or no sale.
Pl ates of a s u perio r q u a h t y to any that have hitherto Pnc:r. $6 00.
.
DAllN l:IS'S BIBLICAL NOTES. (n 3 vols. 8vo, nentl;r pri nted and t'ulbellihe(1.
MARTIN .BENEDICT.
Price i5 t'l: l l t li , I.)I!in:; the ighth of
Iy t ried , and tes ted by s everal of the most experienced
l u 1 ol. 1 2111:). III l1/Sli u .
H I ST O R Y OF T H E R E I G N OF F E R D I N A N D A N D JOHN J. BENEDICT.
the Senes.
I S AB E L L A , T H E C AT H O L I C . N.B.-M. Benedict would state to the public in gene,
and s kilful operators in the United States, from whom he
DY w . I I . P R E S C O T T, E S Q . ral t h at he is no strangcr in t he city, having heen estab
N O T E S , E X P L A N AT O R Y A N D P R A CT I C A L ,
lished 22 years in business in the Bowery. The reI/air.
h as received certificates that they are su perior to any
N TilE EPITI. E S T O E I'Jl E S U K S , PJIlLIPPIAN>:,
Plates they h a ve ever before uled. XII.
ing of watches, j e w el ry , and French parlor clocks, at-
AND C O LO S S I A i': S .
Siglled by DY ALD ERT F A R N E S , A . M . ALISON ON TASTlJ. au23
tended to with strict punctuality.
PAUL B. GODDARD, M. D. In 1 vol. 1 2mo, muslin, Pri('.e 75 cents. - _. _---------
y
JOSEPH E . PARKER, and
M'Cl7LLOCH'S GAZllTTE ll:R.
LSTEREOTYPING AND PRINTING.
WM. G . MASON, Amateurs.
AN E S S A Y ON T H E N A T U R E A N D P R I N C I PLES
O F TA S T E ,
Messrs. W .t. F. LANGENHEIM, Operators, Phila. 1u 2 \,flls. tn rgft Sn), with i fine map. P n ce $6 50. HE subscribers are prepared to ex ec u te all orders
" LITCH & WHIPPLE, do. .Bos ton .
A D I CT I O N A R Y , G E O G R A P H I C A L , S T AT I S T I C A L ,
R" ARCHl B A L )) ALISON, LL. D . F.R . S.
\Vi t h Notes and Emenda.tions,
T. committed to thei r charge, with neatness, punctu,
..dgent3.-Messrs. W. & F. Langenheim, E xch a n ge, ality , and despatch .
A N D H I S T O R I CA L , B Y ABRAHAM M IL L S , ESQ. J OHN WESTALL & Co.
n Bd Wm. G. alOn, 46 C hesn ut-street, Phil a del ph ia ; of til e nrlol1s C o u ntries, N <1tural Objp.:t!!, & c . , in the
\lor!d . X!ll. 1 83 Williamst. corner of Sprce, N .Y .
Non e genuine unless stamped ' E. WHITE ' mak er BY .! . R. M ' C U L L O C II .
A. G. BAGLEY'S CELEBRATED I M PR OVED
y
ALISON'S EUaOPlJ.
'Vith N vtes and A d d l l i oll. III 4 ,ol s . 8\'0, lX.lI1lld in sl1fwp. Prwe ' 00.
au21 EDWARD WHITE, 1 78 Broadway, N.Y. B Y DAN I EL II.\ S K E L . A . \l EVERPOINTED GOLD PEN.
H I S T O R Y O F E U RO P E ,
n. From thr. COlUlI1encement o f the French Revutlltterl t o , .... HIS Pen received th ig h e s t premium lit the l a$t _
J. B. CARE Y & CO. , C O P L A N D'S D I C T I O N A n y O
Re:.tllrntlOll of the Bourhons. \Vilh imponl:t.Dt Cuneo
hUllS Ily the A u th o r respectmg thi Country, &e.
T Fai r of the Am eri can Ins ti tute, and h a s been pro -
m: Xl YJ nn.: N II. nounced by t h e first t e achers of P en ma nshi p in the coun
AR TISTS, &c., BY ARCIIlI HLU A L I S O N , F . R . S . E .
In Dl1t)1her!ll of 1 44 fin f> l Y I)ri n r.t!d pages, pri {e 50 ennt f!af:h. try to be i n fi n i tely superior to any Gold P en ever before
MANUFA C T U RERS OF ORNAME N TAL to h enmplfttcd i ll ahol1t 20 lluHlher1 i uf which a n IIOW XIV. introduced to the American public. The l a s ti ng proper
SHOW CARDS,
reudy.
BURR:;:: ON THE BUBLIMJI. ties of th is Pen are undoubted, owing to the total ab
isence of corrosi bility from any of the inks in use, and
APTE for ut iliy as well as o rn am en t, for A D I C T I O N A R Y O F P R A CT I C A L M E D I C I N E . I I I I VIII. ( 2m!), m u s h n . PTJC i5 (ellb.
A In Rll krnds of bus mess. Specimens may be s een in
stores
B Y .l A M E S COPLAND, M . V . J' . ll . . the peculiar shape of the n ib s , [wh ich was first i n tro
Bdlt"d, w it h t:opi nus Notes, A P fl I l O S O P ll i CA L I N Q U I R Y I N T O O U R I D E AS duced by B agley] makes it mo re pleasant to use, ren-
the l eadi. n g stores of tbe pri n c ip al cities of t he Union.
BY PROF. CHAR L E S ... . L E E . O F HI E S U Il WII E A N D B E A U T I F U L : d ers it less li abl e to d am age, more easy to repair, an d '
Agent s for Boston : Messrs. Sowle & Sh a w . Mr. J. l utroductory I>i (:()llf:-le COllCCrl1ll1 TJL.Pl8
W i th prevents the n ec essi ty of t h e great care that other arti-
L. L azarus is now visitmg the Eastern States-All or
nn
YII. DY RT. 1l0N. E D M lJ ;>; U BUR K E
ders received by him w il l meet with prompt a tte n tio n .
c\es of the kind require .
.t B I R L W A L :t. ' S G R 1 H U A lIT
34 BEEKMAN-STREET, ( l at e 323 Bro adway .) XV. ,
Man u factury 189 BR O A D W A Y, N. Yorle. au23 :
D I S T O R V.
ID'" Ob8erve l our names are prin ted at the foot of BALL!leK'B PO:MS.
ach card, and we caution the public that imi tators are In 2 voll. ave, sheep. Pric $4 60. In muslin, 11;3 50.
v o l . , heolltifu l l y vri nted. Pri'!e $1 25. JOHN WESTALL AND c o . PRINTEBS, 183 WILLIAM.
I
In I
In the field. A H I STO R Y OF G R E E C E , STREET, NEW-YORK.
RT. REV. C . THlRLWALL,
au23 A L N W I C K CASTLE A N D O T H E R POE M S .
lIY D.D.,
J ard Biahop of St. David'. B Y FITZGREENE HALLECK
1845 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.