345695556.

xls

WA Engineering Technical Note 12 - Equations

Expansion and Contraction Equation 1
rL = (T2-T1)* *L

Where:
rL = theoretical length change (inches)
positive valves = expansion,
negative values = contraction
= coefficient of linear expansion, 1.1 * 10-4 in/in/oF
T1 = initial temperature oF
T2 = final temperature oF
L = length of pipe (inches) at temperature T1

Expansion and Contraction Equation 1 L =

T1 =
T2 =
=
L=
the pipe will --->

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Longitudinal Stress vs. Temperature Change Equation 2

T = *(T2-T1)*ES

Longitudinal Force Equation 3

FT = (T)*A

Where:
T = Theoretical longitudinal stress (psi)
positive valves = expansion,
negative values = contraction
= coefficient of expansion or contraction (see Equation 1)
T1 = initial temperature oF
T2 = final temperature oF
ES = apparent short term modulus of elasticity
(see Table 1) at lowest temperature
FT = Theoretical longitudinal force (lbs)
A = pipe wall cross sectional area (in2)

Longitudinal Stress Equation 2 T =

=
T1 =
T2 =
ES =

Longitudinal Force Equation 3 FT =

T =

A=

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Length between anchors Equation 4

L = (TS)*(OD)2* ((1/DR)-(1/DR)2)
(0.7)*(W)*(1+sin b)

Where:
L = Maximum length between anchors (ft)
TS = Allowable tensile strength for pipe
(psi for desired max operating pressure)
OD = Outside diameter of pipe (inches)
DR = Dimension ratio of pipe
W = Weight of pipe and water (lbs/ft)
b = Uphill or downhill slope (degrees; see S (%) below)
Conversion factor: 1% slope is 0.573 degrees
S (%) = slope of pipe Uphill or downhill (ft/100 ft)

Length between anchors Equation 4 L=

TS =
OD =
DR =
W=
b=
S (%) =

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Lateral Deflection Equation 5

ry = L*(0.5**rT)

Where:
y = lateral deflection (inches)
L = Distance between anchor points (inches)
= coefficient of expansion or contraction
= 1.0 x 10-4 in/in/F for PE materials
T = Temperature change (T2-T1) in oF

Lateral Deflection Equation 5 ry =

L=
=
T1 =
T2 =

Bending Strain Equation 6

= OD (96 rT)
L

Where:
= Strain in pipe wall, percent (%)
OD = Outside diameter of pipe, inches
= Coefficient of expansion/contraction
= 1.0 x 10-4 in/in/F for PE materials
T = Temperature change (T2-T1) in oF
L = Length between anchor points, inches

Bending Strain Equation 6 =

OD =
=
T =
L=

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tions
fill in these cells
answer cells

103.2 inches
4 oF
90 oF
0.0001 in/in/oF
1000 ft
Expand

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-800 psi
0.0001 in/in/oF
70 oF
30 oF
200000 psi

-1200 lbs
-800 psi
in2 of pipe wall
X-sectional
1.5
area

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948.20 ft
2800 psi
1.461 inches
9
0.847 lb/ft
2.87 degrees
5 ft/100 ft

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60 inches
100 ft
0.0001
100 oF
50 oF

0.58%
10 inches
0.0001 in/in/oF
50 oF
100 ft

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 Service Apparent Modulus Pressure Design
Temperature of Elasticity Modulus of Elasticity Pressure
F( C)
o o (ES) psi (EL) psi Factor (FT)
30 200,000 46,000 1.6
40 170,000 39,000 1.4
50 165,000 38,000 1.3
60 150,000 35,000 1.15
73 130,000 30,000 1
80 108,000 25,000 1
90 103,000 24,000 0.9
100 100,000 23,000 0.78
110 80,000 18,000 0.75
120 65,000 15,000 0.63