AAL 41 - Skinner Monographic Journals of the Near East General Editor: Giorgio Buccellati froastatic nguistics Editor: Robert Hetzron, Santa Barbara Associate Editor: Russell G. Schuh, Los Angeles Advisory Board: Ariel Bloch, Berkeley ‘Talmy Givon, Los Angeles ‘Thomas G, Penchoen, Los Angeles Stanislav Segert, Los Angeles Volume 4 Issue 1 March 1977 North Bauchi Chadie Languages: Common Roots and ‘Fly’ (Noun) and ‘Mouth’ in Afroasiatic by Neil Skinner a ‘Undens Publications Malibu 197AFROASIATIC LINGUISTICS AAL includes contributions in linguistics within the vast domain of Afroasiatic (Hamito-Semitic) languages. Articles of general, theoretical interest using Afroasiatic material, descriptive, historical and comparative studies are included. Editor: Robert Hetzron (1346 San Rafael, Santa Barbara, Ca, 93109, U.S.A) Associate Editor: Russell G, Schuh (15337 Hart St., Van Nuys, Ca, 91406, U.S.A.) Advisory Board: A. Bloch, J. B. Callender, T. Givin, T. G, Penchoen, S. Segert. MONOGRAPHIC JOURNALS OF THE NEAR EAST MINE is a system of journals on the Near East, with each journal devoted to a specialized study area, and each issue consisting normally of a single article. Current journals in the system are Afroasiatic Linguistics, Assur, Computer Aided Research in Ancient Near Eastern Studies and Syro-Mesopotamian Studies. General Subscription For a prepayment of $15.00 the subscriber selects random issues from within the entire system as desired, up to a total of 200 pages. The subscriber is also entitled to (1) periodical lists of abstracts from all journals in the system, and (2) reservation to any journal within the system, whereby issues of a given journal are sent on approval immediately upon publication (and may be returned within two weeks). Library Subscription A prepayment of $15.00 for each journal in the system secures all issues of a single volume as soon as they are Published. 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No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any ‘means, electronic or mechanical, including photo-copy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Monogaaphic Journals of the Near East AMroasiatic Linguistics 4/1 (Narch 1977) NORTH BAUCHI CHADIC LANGUAGES: COMMON ROOTS by Neil Skinner The University of Wiseonsin Madison, Wisconsin The main part of this paper is a list of approximately 650 roots, arranged in alphabetical order of the English glosses, with cog- nates fron nine North Bauchi Chadic languages. This is prefaced with an account of the means by which the data were obtained dur- ing the writer's nine mnths’ research in the Ningi Miya area of the North-East State of Nigeria, in 1973. There are two maps to show geographic relationships, also within the Chadic area as a whole. In separate columns, possible cognates fron other Chadic (and Some non-Chadic) languages are noted. The evidence supports the validity of the North Bauchi cluster as a subgroup, with per- centages varying from 44 percent (Warji and Kariya) to'20 percent (iri and Miya). ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS age TABLE OF CONTENTS «2... ee ee 1 0. INTRODUCTION © ee eee eee eee 1 1. COMMON FEATURES 6 eee eee pes 2. THE PHONETIC IWENTORY ....... bo00nGGG05ccGuoqcKeo0 4 3. SUBROUPING 2 eee eee pte cer can spe Tis VOCAIULARC IST eee eee ey pe eee 41. The fomt .. 022222 I SSDP EDDDI iii 6 4.2. The symbols wed 220222222 I lit ee ee 4:3) The comon roots 22222222222 DDI PDDII DDI Dit 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 2... Bee fee eee 49 MAPS: Sketch map of the North Bauchi language area... 2.2... 4 Sketch nap illustrating the principal Chadic languages quoted .... . 9 The North Bauchi Hoffmann (1971). 0. INTRODUCTION group of Chadic Languages was separately classified, most recently, by ‘The peoples who speak them were described briefly in Gunn (1956), but2 N. Skinner IAAL 4/1 other than Jungraithnayr (1966/67) there appears to have been little published on those 1an- guages. References in Greenberg and in Kraft (1971), however, indicate that they recorded material at least from Diri and Miya. There are also unpublished lists for Warji, Siri and Pa'a — and perhaps others — collected by Govers in 1907. In an attempt to provide further information about this group, the author spent nine months in the N.E. State of Nigeria in 1973-74 and recorded versions of the Jungraithnayr-Giinther Chadic list in Ningi, Nasaru and Miya for eight languages. The list was also recorded for the ninth language, Ficaka (Hausa Patanoi), by Margaret G. Skinner during the sane period. Assistance of the infornants Listed below, the Local Authorities of Ningi and Bauchi and of the Principal of the N. College of Arts and Science, without all of whom the work would have been impossible, is gratefully acknowledged. ' ‘The Language of elicitation was Hausa — except for Warji — and the recordings were made over several sessions, usually with only one informant. For some of the languages the ses- sions were public and’others were present to check and anend what the infomant was offering. In addition, except for Siri, the Hausa version of the list was given to the informants, who were literate, in advance of the recording sessions, and they prepared versions in theit own Janguage at hone, usually in consultation with others. These versions have been used as checks against the author's transcription of the taped list. For Siri the main informant was illiterate, but also more readily available, and so recordings were done over many ses- sions, transcribing and checking being done at the sane time; whereas for some of the other Languages it was not possible to clear up queries on the later part of the list. None of these restrictions apply to the Ficaka data, which was collected from several informants and checked and rechecked over many weeks as part of a larger study of the language. Copies of ‘the tapes and transcriptions are now available in the Narburg Chadic card index. The nine languages studied were APPROX. NUMBER coves aM HAUSA NAME MAIN INFORMANT OF SPEAKERS ABBREVIATION Dirk Diryanci M, Ganbo, Store- 3,000 D keeper, Ningi Flicaka Pa anci M, Ganbo, Wakilin 20,000 P Gona, Ningi Vinaho® K@riyanci (Kriyan Gyada) M. Usuman Sanusi 3,000 K Vo Mveran? —-Mburkanci Muhammadu Bako 4,000 B Vane Mi? Miyanci Banabo Yakubu 5,000 M Ciwogai ‘Tsganci Dano sheka 3,000 ao Siri Siryanei Kankene Siri 3,000 s Vina Zunbun? — Jimbinanci Maigari Audu 1,500 J Sorzakwai — Warjanci Ibrahim Baia 50,000 W ‘he author is most grateful, in addition, to Professor Paul Newnan then of the Centre for the Study of Nigerian Languages, Kano for assistance of various sorts; to him also and to Russel] Schuh for detailed coments and criticisns — many of which have been adopted; and to the Anerican Philosophical Society and University of Wisconsin Graduate School for sup- port. 4AL 4, 21977 North Bouché Chadéc Languages 3 There are two other languages in the group, of which one, Hausa Ajanci, is now reported to be extinct. The other, Gia, was said by Ibrahim Baina to be a dialect of Warjanci (see belo). No Giiéa’information’was recorded. The following nap shows the positions of the speakers of ‘these languages. 1, COMMON FEATURES Except for Fiicaka, which was studied in depth, the only other information directly elicited for the eight languages consisted of minimal pronoun and verb aspect paradigms. These and the vocabulary listed below, however, seem enough to give reasonable support to the hypo- thesis of a North Bauchi (Rénceforth’NB) grouping. Other comon — but not necessarily ex- clusive — features are 1) Glottalized lateral ['t1|— see ‘earth’, "numeral 5" and 'belch' below — ? lost in WIM, 2) Ast p.s. pronoun {m] for (n] common elsewhere in Chadic, 3) [tl] conmonly in 3rd p.s.f, and pl. pronoins, 4) intransitive copy pronouns — see Newnan (1971) Festschrift Lukas — in, at least DIMBK (T seems to have suffixed pronoms for tansitive verbs) , 5) continuous aspect marker (a) in WSMBKT, 6) verbal negative marker occurring after the verbal complex and having the form [labial + uu/a] except in W where the labial has been lost, 7) nominal suffixes (for sone humans and animals), ~tsoké, -eabé (m.) and -zaku ( "Teaning on elbow' ,Karbo kocingedon 58320 ‘sleep’. *°where a language has both forms, e.g. JB -Z is completed, -a continuous. "ce. "faeces'. 140/s-m- commoner in Chadic. */a altemation as for ‘drink’. ‘CE. ‘copulate’ AL 4, 1920 N. Skinner TAAL 4/2 ‘elephant’ a)t/eakat- W cakat-aé,D acakala,X tabyat; Dr tukueak "huge'; byywn ——$ yuan, J yauan,M yauun, IM tg-wn B yawons ° P tayga ‘enbrace’ WD tamb-,T hbu,P gurbu,J ygag-, Bac kowirdpe,? H karBi ‘accept’ S gohawi,B gogak-,M favdvan- ‘enter a)zi-,zau WK zau,PS za,JM 20-,B 2d; >) D eagu H Liga,Gis co,Mat seo gay entrance hut' a) W van-ai,K vat,P géta,M bai, B puta; ») S nzagi,T deabi; 7H zaure,Dr an; ° D akinju 2 Gwd Rene ‘envelop! a)baz- W baz~,D baza,X baza,T vazas b) P baka vd kumuka ‘evening’ a)nu/dz/2-** W avza(n.),M 4920,B 228, K niza,T vbride; vy? S hureu,P ferei 2H manaice ‘exchange’ W tsok-,M 'sau-,B 'so8é-, 2 Gnd Sewoye,? H sauya ‘change" K "sobo,J jag-,T jekan(n.), $ sungat- ‘eye’ "-t-() W toiyai,P ata,S ita,T ace, M aéti,B tenan-huf* K’ tavi, Dadd,5 ida ‘face! S sunwi,J zunguar,B "ewww, ——Ngz fampok T tanber faeces’ cu/adi/> W wadi-na,PS wudi,MK wad, Somrai ajéne ‘kot’ Bowado,D a'iyu,T wa'an,J adi “fall! a) W dad-,K dado-,S da,BT da-, 7 NM tds M dod-,P nda,J’nda-} ») D xgya KK ggad,Tr ngadé "farm" s/Sorina W sona-na,P séna,S Bing, D sina, una,M Sin,B Bina, K Son, sin, T Sénan 2/5. B has -hu for body parts. ‘Afar, Saho énté, Tuareg cof. AAL 4, 201977] Nonth Bauché Chadéc Languages "fart (v.)" red "fat (animal) ' hed/'-a "eat(v. and adj.)' a)a-v-2/%- v) Netishgrove, a) forest ») "fight! see 'war! ‘eu! "filth" see ‘dirt! ‘find, get a) v) "fingenail' Ben-b " finish’ a)mb-( b) 2 ‘fire’ "ak-w-** ‘fireplace’ vow * (Eire)wood'®® (-dé/ul) "fish" ayad- PC *-bw-, °*See ‘tree’. W rod B néti(n.},S rund, D rade J nadiu(n B radia.) K Ra W ha'ara(m.),P hidin,S haidoni, Me ha"an,B xodon WK novoz-,M xgvad-,S niZ'suuia, P ninsa,B xovazisa(n.); D ttobu, subu J wate, MB hual,K gaté,D gata; T koben P fiyangyW yan-, JMB wan, K wen,T nz W 'pa-,B ‘pu K payed 82 T da-,S awe W feaut-na,P orgun,D agotanba- chy J RusjayM basangie, B K hungut,t Rin P ba,M mba-,B mba-,K mbiy-, Ton; S tauata,D kudus W ewe, J kyu W kow-ad,S kwed,D akwia,J akin, M aku,B kuia,K aku,T awe, P pana (< *hua-n) W vwo-na,P vawi,K vai, D abukutu,J vuua-hu,M vivayu, T volun W dii-na,P débé,1 déda,B diya, K diy,T din C129, Ar hit, Bg. h!.t, AAL 4, 21 a Ng2 wui'yé,Dgl wede,Dr woo Dee, na'en(n.) NM K-d-n 7 Mat mbuza H hunmé,Bac hatagbo-t0; Mg kuby Dgl mZne,RB hya,Ngz niyo, Mg nyané,nyy, Bac na KK wai,Ngz_ bas Kof dio, Bac dune gz guibak,H kunba, Karbo kotunin "finger" RB mbit, Bac mbe Ngz aka,MAT -KUA,Dgl ako Ngz vatén,H muthu,Dr mubun 2H ice < 'ét-,? RYIT-T, ? Bac kada Gud gunda,RB guSe,Somrai gose, gozes*”22 ») "fish(vb.)" ‘fea’ a) ») "clover" "flour! biy- "ay(a.)! “fog! ba'ta/o ‘follow’ a) ») ‘foot leg" a)Sanfoua >) ° ‘forest! see ‘fetish’ ‘forge’ fang "forget"?! a)man- » fowl" see ‘chicken* ‘frog! see ‘toad’ “Eny!?? aw "gather, join meet '7*a) pa S*proto-Bantu "swe, 7 Bye kato. 7*CE. "cover". pC * Up. N. Skinner S Bangi P cucu 'fishing',D acu 'fisher- man',K edu ‘fishing’ S zudona,J ‘sando,M azandan, P dida; D aguomutu W rvdterna,S arideu,K ride W Giycat,P J agol,MK §4 iva, SB fiyi,D agsta, oT he W "eiuné-na,P atuui,D aff, S 4-thobé,J adiiduyM ativi, B 'tatu,K tywvé,T atun W beta-na, PJ bata,D abata, MK ba't0,T sean D Eébu,W tau-,PS tag-,T 65; M diy-,K do N Sagu-hus P cémun,S tsuma,D akama, K taunako,M tsunai,B 2s maz W gondaé, ygarai,M angan,T garde W ugo-,P kuga,M kug-)K hugo, J gug-,8 fuatea,D huateu SJ mana,M man-,B mame, P mbanbias W taw-,D tawa (AAL 4/1 Nt henge H su ‘fishing’ ,Bed siyé*® H tsando ‘tsetse’; H buna, Ngz apta,Bac unboto,Mg amau®? RF windésMsg adwwi,Dgl dw, gz. juea-h?® Hi bida,Tr ponda Mg zaby,L zbé; Ng2 dog-,Bac hwade RD Sakur,Ngz zagat,? NM 4=n=5 Gis ngozay ‘calf's leg! Bol gué-,Paduko kadta, Duvai ka- NM tmen()=5 Ngz twoaya Dgl ogive,Ngz hawya, Tangle kaivé "roast Wi pa-, KT pa-,P pa,D pin, Bac paya; B pu-/pa-s + Bye téfa;PC *()-D-wig. "See "lost". 7#See ‘roast’. AAL 4, 22,197), Nonth Bouché Chadic Languages 23 NM *g-m- ‘meet, dom MOND; Ngz ndigamo, 220; ° W n226- R (DB) s-6ut,Mg daby ‘gazelle’ see under fantelopes* ‘giratfe'?® P jitete dapa ‘girl daughter’ 7° Wamun-a, MK wn,S Tna,T une, n girl,daughter cu We ci AK wm,S nT one, gy (Ss fay ‘give! a) W ear,J 3é,Sa,MB £5-,K ciy-, BS ndé T da-37* byae-a/n—P age,S gana,gana,D agar ‘give birth’ wu/ead= WM wund, KT vondo,P vod, Bud wut "chitd!,Tr woy S$ vud=,D'vana,M vinh-,B vonk- 'child",Dgl we” bax, talw)~ J ba-yda-yMBK ba yta-,D 'a-, NU tb, 46d RS fay, da, Guppletive jaum,i b2-,cu,W 'tau,P 22,8’ NM td-n- "go (away? sNgz toga forms) tuwa,P tun enter'*! “go out"? (mjb--*9 MT 65-,P mba,J mba-,S ba, Nat *pot-** Nez vora,Mg ba W var-,B sobu,B ba: "goat" Yabw-** —W ewad,S alua,M ahu,K ahun, NM *h-yNgz dhu,Dgl aut, P ancaka,B gikyo,S yiré,D aba, Mubi wegcri,L Gfu,RB wo* ‘male T uge goat! "goat male! ‘ts-6 Dq'scka,M ‘camgu,T ‘san, Bura now RF ndakus,RB Shyer 7 'sangen,S abyagua,W ei ‘tgoat'** carna,S donzi,K ccet "god,sky" yenk=—M (ylyius9,B yonké,k Yunbc, 7 Nez Aithashu, ? Ng é. T yonsen,W dnbé-na,P Sinda’7, D abétabiua*?,S igani "good,beautiful’ ——mb-n W wiyo-nbgn-ai,M anban,K mban Ngz batan,Tr mbgré Mat mbu, S ambeni®®, J mur,B dinawan, Dgl méxam,? NM 9-1 oe T gaman,P an'woan "gown' see ‘robe’ 75See ‘bush’. 76See 'son','give birth’. "Ar j,i" 7B has i/a alternation, see ‘arink'. 7*Ar. w-l-d.; Bye (rd 'birth'. "See ‘come’. "Bye bali). "See ‘die. °#NB 'ex- tract’ often is derived from this root. '-t perhaps a suffix. "Bye ab; C18 PAA *aku-, spc has initial labial, cf. H bursuru,Bed mazar-on,Mg monci'u. °7The P is feminine, ? -da an old suffix. But the D is masc., though -aluz is a feminine suffix, **From the Gowers Lists. "PC *mb- (A). AAL 4, 2324 "grandfather, grandson"®® "grandmother, granddaughter'*! ‘grandparent, baka, kiiea grandchild’ “crass! a) [Joa b) "Cymbopogon géganteun" thn ‘spear grass biS-p- (elephant g.)' ‘grave!?? ‘grind’ Dand= ‘grindstone" "ground’ see ‘earth’ "groundnuts '** (2/80 "ground squirrel" b) °) ‘grow "guest! see ‘stranger! ‘guinea com, a)E/zu() sorghun!* ») ‘ce, Nin-law!. 2 ace. ‘stone! b). °*CE. ‘guinea N. Skinner W féjé-na,P fiji ti,Sk didé, T cin 'g:father' jotwun ' W eulwo-ac,P kubwa-ti,S hukw W haka-na,P kgka-té,JBK hike, D aka,M kaka®® W waso-na,B wiisa,K wasisd, M auagu,J’ quadi,8 2gsi,P tei, D asa'atu ‘spear g.'; T tohoy MK tean,T tsirin,J ajora, Bvizan J supa,M Sépur,K bépé,T Sapo M yyan-na,S yBkingani,J yina, B yan yom WBK don-,J déinaM dan,T dan-, P tonda,S 806, wata’ W von-ai,P vanka,J avana, M vun ma’ don,B gegém,K ven, T Zo deren W zuw-ai,P zwoe,S 22,D azika, azika,M zwoni,T’ twie,B Zuad, J azuieya B taxM atar,J tara,P funttana, S tun"te oki; W £E-na,D aezs K zabahan,T zabakan W tta,P da W eft-na,MK zu,B 20,7 zun, S ttawé} D andénsa, J andira; *?kan, Tubu, Songhai kaga, corn’. **See ‘stand up’. *CE. AAL 4, 24 Son" °9PC k-s-B; cf. "ground-nuts'. TAAL 4/1 Gis dide 'g.f.','g.s.! Bac fifi 'g "g-parent" 7 ifkilé, 7H jake "g.child" Bac kuke 'g.m." RB munz@r_'thatching g.', Ngz azam,Tr wuzan,Mg paar; 2H céyatua H tsqure H kuSewa, Gud kunda, Kof hacer, Mg hu, Tx’ kidép,Geji garzubdé Ngz dofid,Gwd reda Ngz vonyd,Dr buné, KK band, Msg sind ‘mountain ** (DSK) njubu- 7 Ngz rawa,Bac La ‘Ang Sud, Sur S0d,XX san, Bac zumves 1H duns hole’.“hamer" "hand" see ‘am" "hang" “hare' “harp, five stringed’ ‘harvest (vb.)" hawk" head" "hear, feel" "heart, life,liver" "heaviness'?* "hedgehog" help" *"Galla, Somali -9-. °) deyem a) b) b-Sahuo- few falglaar — a)kuz~ Db) Indek- e/'te-nk- nd-Nd-N th-S-m (im) bu /an- cE, Nonth Bauché Chadéc Languages P act W zabré-yai,K zabur,M zaburaku, T sabun,B Teaput,J jabsa, P javuna,D azavuna,S zuhanod W got-aé,P tyeza,S g9zi,J gaze, M agatu,B ngaké,k gati, T ga'séye,D maza WD (others borrow H except K ba) W vizatw-ai,D auéca,J avatakuwa, B viyaku,T abéjiz P damiké, SK daxg- W masag-ai,P bésalaa,J basatwayu M bézahné,B bidzaluni,K béSalwo WIMB kuw-,K ku,S Rasu MB fangat,K jangét,P jagur, J jagan,D ajakan "kite hawk" W yan-ai,P fiana,S yami,D ana, J gama, MK yan,B’ yano, Tanai WK, T buds P nduku,S dahtwé,M dakay-, B data W ‘canha-na,P 'teinki,S 'cinga, 2 juan) kyan Mt cazhon, B WAM ndandan,S ndandarni, daduna, J ndérmu,B ndamdam, ndandan na,S tokozinbé, im, B tububima, Kaba in . D gat, J mur, D kK W cal M at PB M 2,7 but had ima seus bane, mbur-,B bur- "unripe". AAL 4, 25 25 H hatsé ‘corn (gen.)" NM *2z-b-(n) NM "g-5-,Ngz guzai "pubic h.', Paduko yousa,MAT Now2, [gi [gza ‘mane H guduma, Ngz deaga,RE Lay Ngz vida,Mg pity ‘Ang gyép,Hl géabé,RD Iwom 2 Ngz danka,H 3aho NM Fee (it) Mubi jége’” Gwd duoiya,H zukata(pl.), 7 Ngz gab, Bol zogo Ngz @taguatan RF Bam,Mg 60%26 N. Skinner [AL 4 ‘nerd, graze" a W ciya,S tsagu,J datuas ») D rauit(n.),7 1'a®? "hide(tz,), a)tag- WK dag, taga; MM tees ae » D bagea,K pagan, M punt, KK bentat,Bol bunk-,Gwd mekye, W fuoaba®, PIBT p(w) Ngo. bara, Ht Boy-, Bac” Ba, Ng mbut | ‘hippopotamus’ a) ja/wigua PD jurgutt,S joys Nee ajagum ») Wndad-aé,k ndakic “hoe(n.)" a)d-wS ——W dauSaena,D dukes D)T-L/N-p-P tumpa,S dutami,M tatopun, Je he K tumpa} 9 J kayanga,B Aigada,T bdige “hoe broad-bladed’ a) P tani,S ta'ani,J ta, MB £iyé, K ails >) D Sura; 3 W kaswai,T bse ‘hoe cultivate tad- WW thad-,P ttadlu,S ttada, NM *id)RE set 'anpélanzen’, bt K eteyactito,) borda,D mba'a Mg youd Bat-avede(n.), Ngz pada’ "bank up" ‘hole’ voi/an\)~ W girena,P qin, yori, Bac gue,? Ng ka'u D zaligun,J yird, ora, agin, B sayan,K'gia,T goer "home house hut" fam W Ran-na,? ign MK kam, fami, 7 RD hwwen, KK buon, Bac hodye B kam,D aka, “hone', dna mc “J gay "home", P Raed" ian Thue” honey'"?°# sulw-n/n~ W sufidan-aé,S sulsauné, Ngamo saxani JB sulasana,st abé sufastin,K sulwvan, YT edkane,P’anbe deéFoniuna ‘hom! a)pen-(k)—W par-ai,P purbiti,M apar, Nge duwak, nathan, Bac Gome, K pass Bed fui bym-k-m Baton, T matane,J mvt RF waren ‘horse? dewe- —W duhu-na,P fbi, dul, Nat teat 888 Dadta'a,y dahwasM dum, B lu,X’ duu, don "hunger" !** may-!9W nay-aé,Po mad, maya, Ngz maya,Bac miya-to,Dgl meya, S muyé,B’ maine Mg mé,? Bac one Shr aaa. **°bye fwoibi-; FC *6-(). '°"See also ‘ridge up’. *®?Semitic x20 'plough'. 1°°cf, "water". '°4See ‘ware’. ?°*CE, tie". 19°PC my, MAL 4, 261977) "hunt! a) v) ° “hut' see 'hone,house' "hyena" a) ») °) a Nin-Law!t°6 ade-y- b) ° "in-law,fenale'™® a) b)k-ka 2 "intestines" a) ») "iron" mine jar mtn *joumey"1? "jump" a)w-y- ») ©) "kernel" a's- '*8See 'grandfather', }°7Galla,Sonali sod- Nonth Bauché Chadéc Languages Wke'y, £ata'a, Le'ate'a; PS ya; MB dean B ragadaku,T rigéjé W jayé-na,D aciya,P cobi-té; SM didi,J dédi,B dada,K didins — W céyatw-ai,D aciyatwa; S feubu,J huka,M haba, haba, K fethans T muwe S muya,D aru, '!® J navi, B aaaet,T aohons W huoohata, W méra-na,J mica,NK min W goangan-na,S qganangama, D gaaggan,T ygarna' tte, J hata W céva-na,D akaua,K tivé, T detnan W wiy-,P fiod,MK vuyas T ctren(n.); D doku (n.) B dz'sa,K dz'sé 27 Hanbuti ‘epithet for hyena’, Tr mapulu Mg mabatag,? R(SDB) mus Gis mathwayas Nge danbade.agur NM *een-jBac Seum 1°? Gnd Sonokyé, "in-1aw Tr sonvaké 'in-law Dr nabutux) "female i.1." RB héhye,? Mg yayé,Tr yede Gi Béne,Tr vital Bac Liye,? NM *p-n- 'fly,leap'; Bol dur-,H,Tr din-; RF dey Bac dase 198See 'grandnother'. '°°-alua a NB fom, suffix § ? in PC, see ‘mare’, 11°? once a collocation ending in 'stomach'?, cf. Mg uudy 'storiach", 24) C£, ‘chin’, ‘cheek’, 'bone', Prob, once a collocation, Cf. also ‘rib’. CE, 'go', AAL 4, 2728 "kidney" "an! "king! "kite hawk" "knead" "knee" "kneel, squat" "Knife"!?° ‘ynot 222 ‘nowt "Lack"!#* "Laugh(vb.)" "leaf, leaf of complant" "bye tuntwita. 120¢8, "ost! 'finish". hye gunba. (+) io/ was~ tay- a)mat- b) a) b) 3 a)TL/£ab- ’) yon lagu sian a) ») sane Kioam- Alle du. "sword! N. Skinner W ywurs-ai,P tirkuasa, K yoursa,D ara'a,B kuvuna, T ti'sanase WB toy-,S toyo,D 20,3 tiy- M toy-,k tay-,T tig PS matvé,JM maluu,K mative, Bmatavu,T mun, muga'as W tata K gadto,T gatawe,B gyatu, 7 W gatad-ai; P etha,J atativa; M pataka Suwa Wi fabian M tab-,P deabu, S tlaba; J nue, T awe, nai W yourru-na,P barmé,S yorna, D gux'2la,J’ vuamu,M wwrun, B Worén,K’ [ylwunum,T Bombaron W dagu~, BK dago,S dul, 7 W tsahuat-,T fugu W sien-ai,S sou, soma, M sotan,B’sotan,X’sixan W nzaB-,M nzub-; P burmbutlu,T Reta WM son-,P séne,S sontwi, D can,B Sond,K Son,T sone WH fioa-,P guvam, gumu,D kudi, SF muma=;B Rao, K bat W yanes-)J wun’ M ana's-, B yon'sa,k yanats2,D mos, T ba! eean(n.),P handcn.} S tipi,MK tLipi,B eipu, P Lebwiti,d atua,T tlag>, D attinea’ 182Ar motile. ar sékein, 116 Aka Jann 122¢f, 'cover", AAL 4, 28 "7Ar Yaa. 123py qagak "lock". TAAL 4/1 Nez kunsasya, Gnd congom, H fda,Bac diger-te, Mg huh? NM *p-bett® Dgl mutma"kingship"**, Gidar mutya,? Gis boy; H sanbé,RD Saran? ©* Nez oazabis Bac sowa-to,?!7 H Siu, FM Sanu 2 Bac gba NM Sk-Acm, *F-A-m, Sur kugutum, H gutua,Gvd guyana’! ® 4H tsuguna,Ngz jOkue~ 2 Bac Sutete NM g-Ge122 Gis dzaw 'anbinden' 4H Rubee??* NM *2-n- NM *n-s-,Ngz. gamsa Ngz tlatLandioa,Tr deinnda, ? Bac jiba ,Pere tap SUPE Agwenm. ‘sce,