Chapter 3 DISTRIBUTED LOADS ON THE SURFACE OF A SEMI-INFINITE MASS 3.1 Loading on an Infinite Strip Trajectories of o1 are a family of confocal hyper boas, foci at Oy and O;. These Curves Bisect the angle, -@, at all points. S-A:1, “CHURN YERTICHL LOADING (CPAG-5.2) Trajectories of 2 are a family of confocal elutpies, foct at 0; and. Op. ‘Trajectories of tar are tvo orthogonal families: fequiangular spirals intersecting the ellipses under 45°. Naxisun Tar = p/M, occurs at all points of the semi- ee ‘circle’ through 0, and 02. Maximun 0; = p, occurs at points (=,0), -b6eo. Minimum op = 0," " " — (3,0), -b>arb. =) 5 Values of Oz, 3, Tez, 01 Os and tage are tabulated in Table 3.1, and contours of oy"and Tra are given in Fig-3.2 (Jurgenson, 1934). PIG.3.2 As for Line loading, displacements due to strip loading on or in a senicinfinite eass are-only mean= ss the displacenent of one point Oy = F [a + etna ooalar2s)] s+ Gas) nt, neither point being Hocated at infinity, Tho vertical displacement at the sur- og = B fa etme ontaiae)] sec Gam, fase Teatlve toch centre of the Sie, is given o, = Bw y = 2 ws Gute) te, = Bcina sinfat26) oe GAD ©, = Blut oim] ses Gal0) os = Efu- cin] we GI Tpag Bein os Ga) loci of constant 01 and oz are eizeles passing ehroush 0} and O2. ia . feLImput oe tacéee wee a toe room Loc! of constant tmar are circles passing through 0) ‘and Ope je 12-2 Stresses beneath « strip Wurgenson,1934).cweraare srexP Pg (240) = 9,(0,0) ~ Bae) {(a-b)tnl2-b| ~letb)en|evd| + sbtnd) (Gee plot in Fig.9.2a, Chapter 9) oe TABLE 5.1 STRESSES BENEATIL A UNIFORMLY LOADED STRIP Gurgenson, 1934) ih oj cj tj? § ‘Pp HP Hp © © 1.0000 1.0900 0 9 +0 1.0000 1.0000 ©S 19594 14498 0-0 2548-9504 4408 iY leis “it7 0 0 sis ‘ai8s 11817 15 16678 “oss 0-0 12937-6678 0803 2° T3508 ‘oo 0 ©0246 ‘5508 0810, 2s las? ‘ome 0 © 0 L295 ‘4617 0228 3 T30s4 ‘013s 003908 “3954 10138 5.8 [s457 ‘001 0 0 11685 ‘5487 0091 4 T3050 lover 0 = 011499 °5050 “0061 0.5 01,0000 1.0000 © 01,0000 1.0000, 22519787 “6m14 .0522 8°35+ 1871 “9871 6129 15° 19028 “5920 “1274 13017" L2sea ‘9323. ‘3629 i° 17352 lages ‘1590 14°52" “sss 7765 11446 1.5 16073 “0994 ‘1275 1seis' ‘2847 ‘6370 ‘0677 2°” [S107 ‘osa2 ‘osss 11-25 ‘2470 ‘5298 10357 2.8 14372 Loss4 ‘0721 9649" [2143 4693 [0206 1.25 4996 4208 5134 41°25" 3158 .760 «1444 1° Tag69 “3472 “2996 37450" 13088 “7308 11135, i Capp7 12250 Lasas sicast 2847 “osm 10677 1.5 [44a ‘1424 [2037 26r54" [2546 “408 ‘0408 2 T4093. “osoe [1502 22+50" 12251 “a7si Lo2as 2.5 Tsv01 ‘sas 11243 19°20" ‘iga9 “4157 0159 1.5 .25 0177 .2079 .0606 75047" .1128 2261 .0025 is’ loas2 “eso “148s 61°50" 11765 “3636 ‘0108 iP laisr “aaes “2101 47-25" “alas laaze L018 1s “27oe “aeo7 ‘2022 Seeaar “2071 as27 louee 2° 2876 11268 ‘1754 s2e41" [1929 4007 [0143 2.8 ‘2851 0392 ‘1469 28°09 [1765 3637 [0106 2.25 .0027 .0987 .0164 80°35" .0507 1014 .0002 1s° oiga “i714 Loss2 71°59" 0940 ‘1803 ‘oo14 i° 20776 ‘2021 [1305 se°17* !1424 “2684 ‘0052 1.8 11458 11847 [1568 4aesz* 11578 13232 0074 2 Taea7 “aese 1is67 a1e27* [i792 ‘3282 L003 2.8 120g5 11256 ‘1442 36°02" 11515 13094 0088 25 15.0068 1104 .0254 76243" .0569 1141 .0003 i? “oss7 Lieis ‘0759 65°12" “0970 ‘1987 L006 1.8 lo771 ‘164s 21096 55°52" 1180 2388 ‘0028 2° Tuto La4d7 Lazse 49°32" [i268 “2556 L0036 2.8 [40g 11203 11266 42°45" 11269 (2575. ‘0036 3S .0026 .0741 .0137 79925" .0379 .0758 0001 1° Tor7i 11221 Zoaaa gova2s 10690 “1384 ‘000s 1.8 10427 11388 [0757 61°15" L0895 11803 0012 2° lovos 1581 ‘0954 54°12" ‘1006 ‘2029 0018, 2.8 lo9s2 11196 ‘1036 48°20" 11054 12128 0020 5 T1139 toi ‘ios? 43°22" “1058 2137 L0020, 8 fs angle between direction of 0 and the vertical. 3.1.2 UNIFORM HORIZONTAL, LOADING (Fig.3.3). FEAT at wee SS ¥1c.3.3 = 2 [teg, B~ vine sintar26)] ... (6.30) 5 (og, o, = 2 feina stnw2s)] so (5.50) 2 [e-eina cos(ar26)] ss (50) Values of oz/q have been tabulated and are given in Table 3:2. Tt should be noted that 02/7 Values are equal to the corresponding values of tz2/P for uniform vertical loading. TABLE 3.2 VALUES OF o/q FOR UNIFORM HORIZONTAL LOADING OVER STRIP (eott, 1965) os 1.0 2.0 0.0 0.00 0.70 = 0.600.538 0:2 0.00 0.62116 0.68 0.52 0:5 0.00 0.39 0.600157 0.32 1:0 0.00 0.13 0.26 0.390.28 15 0100 0:05 0120.24 0.25 20 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.15 0.20 310 0:00 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.14 50 0:00 0:00 0.00 0.01 0.05 ‘The expression for the horizontal displacement of 4 point on the surface, relative to the centre of the strip, pz(z,0)~p2(0,0), is identical with the express- Son for the relative vertical displacenent due to unifora vertical load in equation (3.2).38 SURPACE LOADS OW SEMI-INFTHTTE MASS 5.1.3. VERTICAL LOADING INCREASING LINEARLY Gig.) 2 Joyo eee tn rre.3.4 = Elfa- ints) sos Gots) - a + RlBe- frag He inte]. tag & [2+ cones - 2] sss ede) Valves of 2/P have been tabulated by Scott (2963) and re given in Table 3.3. ‘TABLE 3.3 VALUES OF p/P FOR LINEARLY INCREASING LOAD ON STRIP. (Scott, 1963) 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0:5 0:00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.48 0.42 0.02 0.00 150 0:00 009 0:02 0.13 0.41 0:35 0.06 0.00 2!0 0:01 0:05 0.06 0.16 0.28 0.25 0.13 0.01 310 0:02 0:05 0:10 0.15 0.20 0-19 O.12 0.04 40 0:03 0:08 0.09 0.13 0.16 0.15 0.11 0.05 ‘The vertical displacenent of 2 point on the surface, relative to the value at sd, 15 given by ogtes0)-ag60s0 = EEN a to = Fn - 27 0mn|ad-<|2) 1 B Bd HORIZONTAL LOADING LINEARLY INCREASING (Wax. loading = q, Fig.3.4) ERE +B tog, - coors - a isee = El + ooets - Za] see (3.60) a £IE-o = tog, B+ otne) wo (5.66) ‘The expression for the horizontal displacenent of point on the surface, relative to 2=0, is identical with the expression for relative vertical movenent due to versical loading (equation 3.5). 3.1.5 SYMMETRICAL, VERTICAL TRIANGULAR LOADING (Fig.3.5, Gray, 1936) fit crea 2) ¥1G.3.5 = 2 [laytaa) + Flar-a)] see G7) = 2 [lastard + flea) ~ 28 tog 2 2 7 Fl 5 5 86g} (3.70) 70, ca” HE oro) Etaynag)-# toy 22 B [earvan) + Flaraar-§ toa ] a Aah 2) + (tog? 28 + fara) BE loss ap ee 70 2 [laytae) + Hlar-as)-£ top, Py ~B Gagg TE + tarons*)* (5.70)NPD srerP 9 Tyee 7 BE (tog 2 + far-an)*)¥ ... (3.7e) TABLE 5.4 (Cont.) Stresses have been tabulated by Jurgenson (1984) 2 2/> ¢/P o/P t,/P 8 tao’ or/p os/b and are given in TABLE 5.4. eT 01.0 .2048 1358 1676 S8e14" 1518 .5211 .0175, Contours of ¢, and Tyg are shom in Fig.5.6 1.25 12148 11083 “1545 S545" “ase 15045 Gurgenson, 1958). 1s, Saig9 30-04» Liszt Toso 29°25" ‘i199 ‘o6as 20°30" “ioas "78 TABLE 3.4 [STRESSES BENEATH A STRIP WITH SYIOETRICAL ‘TRIANGULAR LOADING Gurgensen, 1954) wb sf Jo ofp yf? ® tmaal? “il? on/p -0399 72°18" .0689 ‘0899 60°35" [1081 Taso 52°10". 11207 11256 45e41" 11256 11232 40°30" 11247 +0186 77°27" .0439 @ © Lasoo Lae 0 0 0 _t.ow i.owe saute 027 “gedo ‘isps1 922s. weeeo -aost ‘oa2s e037! Loose Be eo $ HG RA HE ana suse “ost (e000 ose 982206 sto cate Gaase eet ceen ine “qa amet ae aga ars ose Be GW RE a 6h RAS a Zao caze SSE AS OS SO ers +7500 .7500 0 — o ~7500 .7500 +0862 0761 .0791 43°10" .0793 ee ee oe Baa Se 2 Be ee ue $00 : “500 Pad Sean: Bre - ea, : tg ee Bas ts i +2500 * Bz eae am - ae a Ce? Lee and N I 3 290.0232 = oe Ss +3146 .0252 os * =. I75 lags liges [1534 45°58" 11535 [3288 L021 ig huicessta Kewesth sete ith iawaiar Joading (Surgensen, 1934). @ is angle between vertical and direction aSURFACE LOADS ON SEMI-INFINITE MASS 3.1.6 ASYMMETRICAL VERTICAL TRIANGULAR LOADING (Fig.5.7, Gray, 1936) pint ores 16.3.7 ses Goa) A A te ae * Flt, Be + (3.80) ses (8.86) 2 26 2 tog Beh ig 4 oy = BlZas SEE +2 tog, +E tog, H] § An, @ 2 + (tog, Bed tog, Bee G- BF oo) oo BOB SBe bts, Be fen 3 -% = thin Retin, be 8B ss (5.86) Bebe, nee G- Bt (3.86) VERTICAL "EMBANIOENT" LOADING <"" Gig.5.8, Gray, 1956) (3.98) 6, = 2 [8+2- Sco] : o, = 2 [848+ Stoo) +B to, 2] (3.9) ~oe ses (8:90) ABS Spr Ble +e Btn, 2 Ryt, enay 29 lien + log, N+ e- BY ] (3.98) Influence factors for cz beneath the edge of ‘the loading have been published by Osterberg (1957) and are shovn in Fig.5.9. Li] le ‘om a 4 6801 2 4 68t0 2 ole “4 6800 P1G.3.9 Influence chart for veitical stress due to ‘embankment loading (Osterberg, 1957).{LORDS OVER HALE INFINITE SURFACE 3.2 Loading over Half the Infinite ‘Surface 3.2.1 UNIFORM VERTICAL LOADING (Fig.3.10, Gray, 1936). het ree TT. ¥16.2.10 o, = +B see (8.208) + (3.100) (5.106) (5.106) soe (8.208) Tyga B ois vs G08) Loci of constant Gand oy are radial Lines, OR. Loci of constant tp, are radial lines, OR. ‘Trajectories of o are a fanily of confocal parabolas*. Focus at 0. Horizontal axis. ‘Trajectories of o3 are a family of confocal parabolas*. Focus at 0. Horizontal axis. The to families are orthogonal. Trajectories of Tz are two orthogonal families of ‘paraicias. Focus at 0. Vertical axis. Maxima 4, p/n, occurs at points (0,2), 20. Maximum oy =p," " (ea0)y 20. Minimm cs = 0," " " — (as0)y 00. “These curves bisect the angle,®, at all points. a 3.2.2 LINEARLY INCREASING VERTICAL LOADING (Fig.3.11, Gray, 1936). ses Gla) ses Gelb) se, Galle) Fe Poe 2) ag = ae (28 - 5 Tog) * GE [(34 tog f*+ 84] s+ Gale) Pot 2 4 oe]F Tat “Sg [a+ tog p* + 8°] ses Gelle) 5.2.3 VERTICAL "EBANIOENT" LOADING (Fig.5.12, Gray, 1936). \te = 710.3412 o, = Zlas+al see B28) = Blase me tx tog, BP]... 6.10)a ‘SURFACE LOADS. OW SEMI-INFINITE MASS a eee ses Gull) “ Si = Bites tants tog, Fs (too, Fe ot} ve G2) Tyas see (3.12) Values of stresses, presented originally by Surgenson (1934), are tabulated in TABLE 5.5. TABLE 3.5 STRESSES DUE TO SEMI-INFINITE EMBANIOGNT LOADING (Gurgenson, 1954) alata 0,/2 O/? Tq W8%2/2 Ole ofp 7. 0 0 0 oo 0 +25 0780-3034 2085 21°33" .1544 5451 .0363 Ts) lne76 Laoss ‘1762 27°00" 2178 14935 10579, [7s ‘2048 L4a7 ‘zaa4 30°35" 2528 “3796 10740 1.0 12500 ‘4706 2500 33°06" 12752 16335 /0871 25.2852 .4821 .2685 54°56" .2860 6697 .0977 3 13129 14883 12807 36°20". 12981 16947 “1065 (013524 14946 2952 38°14" 1305 7271 11199 S$ 13789 14968 13028 39°50" 13085 “7464 ‘1294 © .2500 .2500 sive. 13025 11543 242g T6208 [1360 tz34 16817 “139. 12894 [7166 11578 298s 17385 ‘1417 0.250 2500 .2500 0 25 12683 13924-1619 1s T3025 ‘asaa ‘2302 175° 13581 14784 1260: io ‘3659 “aaa ‘2a28 12s 13867 14935 2936 250 0 oO oO ooo 25 OGL 2201 0468 12°19" .1125 .2304 .0058 Ts) loess 13430 “1us7 19°48" “1816 “s8¢8 L0216 178 11136 14077. “1692 24°36" 2235-4852 .0382 io. 11630 14451 12072 27°59" 12501 ‘5532 ‘0530 il2s 12032 14684 12839 50°28" 12677 6010 [0656 0.5 0 -$000 5000 0 == 0.5000 .8000 +25 1$000 “5000 .1762 45°00" .1762 16762 13258 'S. 'S000 ‘Soo ‘2500 45°00" ‘2500 °7500 -2500 78 18000 ‘5000 ‘2807 45°00" 2807-7807 .2195 1.0. 15000 ‘S000 12952 45°00" [2952 17952 2048 1128 1so00 ‘S000 13028 45°00" -3028 18028 1972 1's" ‘so00 “sooa ‘3072 4stoo' 15072 ‘8072 [1928 210 15000 5000 :3119 45°00" “5119 ‘8119 ‘1881 215 15000 ‘S000 "3144 45°00" 0 c++ G.160) ‘The radial distribution of trg beneath the surface of the circle is shown in Fig.3.26 for various values of The surface displacements are as follows: (aay)? = PD) [a(rwypta/a) - 4-%) (rfa<1) see (8-178) = tds peg — 2D 2a] (far... (8379) =o asd... (8.170) = Geaetee (2 sect) + LEY aE G ? 1 (efa> ses (8.178) where X00 is the complete elliptic integral of the first Kinds BI) 4s the complete elliptic interral of the second kine. Surface displacement profiles are shown in Fig. 3.27 for both a frictionless and fully rough eizeular areas. For v0.5, friction has no influence on displacenent. ‘The influence of v_ on the central vertical surface displacement is shown in Fig.3.28.33 Resiel Distance r/o o oz 04 06 80 os os 19 ° ss w057| woe on tsi voy +9] Sieeenees_| io od Aare (0) ve \ 09] 20 $ Re, { \ i 2 i os] _ \ tue J os| | 2fes0 [ ov se 71G.3.26 Distribution of shear stress T,, along surface (Schiffzan, 1968). (a) Vertical stress o, +0. 20 30 1, ol a { (6) —Fretornes en ne P 2 a tattle i: ob : ; | 7 wo ] | jaa wd See Pe f | vl Se] | + | i ietins siazon - ¥IG.3.25 Distribution of stress on axis of circle. FIG.3.27 Vertical displacement profile aleng surface. (Senstfean, 1968) . (Senteeman, 1958).56 SURFACE LORDS OM SEMI-INFINITE "ASS Poisen’s Ratio v 2 O12 0s oes tu , foro 16 Floeo bs a ve! ¥IG,3.28 Influence of V on p, at surface on axis. Genitfnan, 1968). 3.3.6 OTHER TYPES OF LOADING (Q) Parabolic loading - see Harr and Lovell (0965) and Schiffman (1965). an (Ail) Linearly varying torsional stress = see Appendix B. 3.4 Loading on a Rectangular Area 3.4.1. UNIFORM VERTICAL LOADING ¥1¢.3.29 Beneath the corner of the rectangle (see Fig. 3.29), Holl (1940) gives the following expressions for stresses for v = 0.5: Elio Bette)... any o = a i + (5.186) 4 = see (Gel8e) a eo GotBa) ‘ye eos GulBe) ty? a DI . G.18E) where Ry = (24s*) Ba = (batt Ry = (ab tye Influence factors for the nomal stresses have been presented by Giroul (1970). These stresses are expressed as follows? Under the corners: o, = PX eos 198) a, = p tee (2-2v0RL evs 6.198) gy = P Uae C-avithy + (B.190) influence factors Xo(= I in Fig.3.30), KepKh, gyt3 are reproduced in Tables 3.14 to 3.48. Influence factors for og beneath the corner are shown in Fig.3.30(Fadun, 1948). For points other than the comer, the principle of superposition may be employed. Beneath the comer of a rectangle (see Fig.5.29), tiarr (1966) quotes the following expression for Yertical displacement at depth 2: vnc - EB e cs 1 faved em where A= fo ee "J em tiny =m fre m tm td tm tr , Viemem -1 (5.20)RECEANGIEAR AREA 55 TABLE 3.14 es (Giroud, 1970) 0 Ol 02 WS 04 08 WS 1 1S 255 5 0 © 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 01157 0.204 0.254 0.240 0.268 0.247 0.249 0.289 0.249 0.249 0.249 0.249 0.249 01076 01136 01187 0.202 0.218 0.231 0.240 0.243, 01246 0.244 01244 0.244 0.246 01061 0113 0.164 0-181 0.200 0.218 0252 0.238 0:240 0.260 0.240 0.240 0.240 01051 0.006 01143 0-161 01182 0.20 0.225 0.231 0.234 0.234 0.254 0.234 0.234 01037 0.071 0.111 0.127 0.148 0.373 0.200 0.214 0:219 0.220 0.220 0.220 0,220 02028 0.085 01087 0:101 0.120 0.145 0175 0.194 0:202 0.203 0.204 0.205 0.205 (01022 01043 0.069 0.081 0.098 0-121 0.152 0.173 0185 0.187 0.189 0.189 0.189 01018 0.035 0.056 0.066 0.080 0.101 0-151 0.154 0:169 0.171 0.174 0.174 0.174 01016 0.081 0.051 0.060 0.073 0.092 0.121 0.145 01161 0.164 0:166 0.167 0-167 01014 0,028 0.046 0.035 0.067 0.085 0.112 0.136 0.154 0.187 0.160 0.160 0.160 01012 0.024 0.059 0.086 0.056 0.072 0.097 0.121 0:10 0.143 0.147 0.148 0.148 0.010 01020 0.033 0.059 0.048 0.061 0.084 0.107 01127 0.131 0.136 0.137 0.137 0:007 0.013 0.022 0.027 0.033 0.043 0.060 0.080 02103 0:16 0.113 0.115 0.115 (0.005 0.010 0.016 0.019 0.028 0.031 0.045 0.061, 0.081 0.087 0.096 0.099. 0.089 02003 0.006 0.009 0.011 0.014 0.019 0.027 0.038 0:035 0.060 0.071 0.076 0.076 10.002 0.004 0.006 0.007 0.009 0.012 0.018 0.026, 0.039 0.083 0.085 0.061 0.062 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0-003 0.005 0.007 0.011 0.015 0.020 0.028 0.032 10.000 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.003 0:005 0.006 0:010 0.016 0.021 (05000 9000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0:003 0.004 0.006 0.010 0.016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 05000 0001 07001 0.002 0.006 TABLE 3.15 VALUES OF Kz (Giroud, 1970) oi 02 YS 08 05 23 2 LS 28 5) 58) (0.250 0.260 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250, 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 01069 0.116 0.143 0.159 0.169 0.177 0.184 0.187, 01188 0.188 0.188 0.188 0.188 01081 0.088 0-085 0.095 0:10 0-118 0.128 0.133 01154 0.134 01135 0.135 0.135 01022 0.045 0.064 0.073 0.083 0.094 0-105 0.110 01112 01112 0.115 0.115 0.113 01017 0.032 0.049 0.085 0.065 0.075 0.086 0.091 01093 0.094 0.098 0.094 0.098 01009 0.018 0.029 0.058 0.040 0.047 0.057 0.062 0.086 01065 0.065 0.065 01006 0.011 0:018 0.021 0.025 0-030 0.037 0.042 01085 0.045 0.045 0.085 0.045 01005 0.007 0.011 0.013 0.016 0-020 0.025 0.029 0,052 0.052 0.052 0.032 0.032 (01002 0,004 0.007 0008 0.010 0.013 0.017 0.020 0.025 0.028 0.023 0.025 0.025 (01002 0,004 0:00 0.007 0.008 0-011 0.014 0.017 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 07001 0:005 0.005 0.008 0.007 0.009 0.012 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 (01001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.006 0.008 0.011 0.012 0.015 0.013 0.015 0.013 (01001 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.006 0.008 0,009 01010 0.010 0.010 0.010 (0:00 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.004 0:005 01008 0.006 0.005 0.006 (0:000 0.000 0.001 0:001 0.001 0-001 0.002 0.002 0,005 01003 0.003 0.003 0.003 (01000 0.000 0.000 0:009 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0,001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 (01006 0.000 0.000 0:000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 9,001 0.001 0-001 0.001 0.001 {0:00 0.000 02000 01000 0:000 9:000 0.000 0.000 1000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 (01000 0,000 0.000 0:000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 {0,000 0.000 0.000 0:000 0.000 0:000 0.000 0.000 0:00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 (0,000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000SURFACE LORDS ON SEMI-INFINITE uASS 56 TABLE 3.16 : eee (Gixoud, 1970) st 0 iO 0.2 WS 06 0.5 3S 1 15 2 25 3 S 10 © © 0.000 0.176 0.156 0.125 0.094 0.074 0.061 0.051 0.031 0.016 0.000 0.2 0.000 0.122 0.128 0.103 0.082 0.067 0.055 0.048 0.080 0.016 0.000 0.4 0.000 9.082 0.085 0.083 0.071 0.060 0.051 0.045 0.029 0.015 0.000 0:5 0.000 9.067 0.073 0.074 0.065 0.056 0.049 0.083 0.028 0.015 0.000 0.6 0.000 0.056 0.062 0.066 0.061 0.053 0.047 0.081 0.028 0.015 0.000 0:8 0-000 0.039 0.086 0.052 0.052 0.047 0.043 0.038 0.026 0.015 0.000 1 0.000 0.029 0.035 0.042 0.044 0.042 0.039 0.035 0.025 0.014 0.000 1.2. 0.000 0.022 0.027 0.084 0.087 0.037 0.035 0.032 0.024 0.014 0.000 124 0.000 01017 0.021 0.027 0.082 0.033 0.032 0.030 0.028 0.014 0.000 1:5. 0.000 0,015 0.019 01025 0.029 0.031 0.030 0.029 0.022 0.014 0.000 156 0.000 9.013 0.017 0.023 0.027 0.029 0.028 0.027 0.022 0.013 0.000 1:8 0.000 0-011 0.014 0.019 0.024 0.025 0.026 0.025 0.021 0.013 0.000 2° 0.000 9.009 0.012 0.016 0.020 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.020 0.013 0.000 2.8 9.000 95006 0.008 0.011 0.015 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.012 0.000 3° 0.000 9.004 0.006 0.008 0.011 0.015 0.015 0.01 0.015 0.01 0.000 4 3000 0,002 0.008 0,005 0.007 0.008 0.010 0.011 0.012 0.010 0.000 5 0.000 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.009 0.000 310 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.005 0.000 35 0.000 0.000 0-000 0:00 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.00 0.000 20 0.000 9.000 0.000 0:000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.000 50 0.000 9.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 TABLE 3.17 : ae (Gizoud, 1970) ae 0 0.1 02 YS 04 OF 2/3 1 1S 2 25 3 S$ 1 © © 0,000 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.280 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.2 0.000 0.010 0.085 0.094 0.112 0.134 0.158 0.186 01214 0.217 0.218 0.219 0:4 0,000 0.002 0.010 0.032 0-045 0.064 0.091 0.128 01179 0,186 0.188 0.169 9:5 0.000 0.001 0:006 0-020 0.029 0.044 0.058 0.105 0.164 0.172 0.175 0.176 0:6 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.013 0.019 0.031 0.051 0.086 0.149 0.158 0.163 0.164 9:8 0.000 0.000 0.001 0-006 0.009 0.016 0.029 “0.057 01124 0,135 0.141 0.143 1 0.000 0,000 0.001 0.003 0.005 0.009 0.017 0.037 0:10 0.116 0.123 0.125 41.2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.011 0.025 9.085 0.100 0.108 9-111 1:4 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.007 0.017 9.071 0.087 0.095 0.099 155 0:00 0.000 0:000 0-001 0-001 0.003 0.005 0.014 0.064 0.081 0.090 0.034 16 0,000 0.000 0.000 0-001 0-001 0.002 0.004 0.012 0.059 0.076 0.085 0.089 1:8 0:00 0.000 0.000 0-000 0.001 0.001 0.005 0.008 01089 0.066 0.077 0.081 2° 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.006 0:041 0.058 0.069 0.074 2.5 0,000 0.000 0.000 0-000 0000 0.009 0.001 0.003 0.027 0.083 0.055 0.061 3°” 0:00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.018 0.082 0.065 0.051 4 0:000.0.000 0-000 0-000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.008 0.018 0.031 0.039 3 0:00" 0.000 0:000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0-011 0.022 0.031 10 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 x" 0:000 0.001 0.006 0.016 15 0.000 0.000 0.000 0-000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.009 0.000 0.002 0.011 20 0.000 0.000 0-000 0-000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.008 $0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0-090 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.900 0.000 0.000 0.003,[RECEANGUTAR AREA 7 TABLE 3.18 _—— (Giroud, 1970) Gi a wot ous 2 25 3 § wo © © 0,000 0.016 0.031 0.094 0.125 0.156 0.175 0.189 0.199 0.219 0.254 0.250 0.2 0.000 0.013 0.025 05076 0.103 0.130 0.148 0-160 0:169 0.188 0.203 9.219 0:4 05000 0.010 0.020 01061 01083 0.106 0:122 .0.135 0.141 0.159 0.174 0.189 0:5 05000 0.009 0.017 010s¢ 01074 01096. 0.111 0.121 0:129 0.146 0.261 0.176 0:6 0.000 0.008 0.015 01048 01066 0.086 0:100 0.110 0:18 0.134 0.149 0.164 0:8. 0.000 0.006 0.012 01037 0.052 0.069 0.082 0.091 0.098 0.114 0.127 0.145 10,000 0:005 0.008 01029 01082 01056 0.067 0.075 0.082 0.097 0.110 0.125 1.2 0,000 0.004 0.007 Os024 0.084 0.048 01086 0.085 0.069 0.088 0-096 9.111, 154 0:00 0-003 0.006 01019 0.027 0.058 0.046 0.055 0-058 0.072 0-084 0.099 15 0:00 0-003 0.005 01017 0.028 0.055 0.043 0.049 0.054 0.067 0.079 0.094 156 05000 0.002 0.005 01016 0.023 6.052 0.059 0.085 0-050 0.062 0.074 0.089 18 05000 0.002 0.008 0.018 0.018 0.027 0.035 0.059 0.045 0.055 0.066 0.081 2°" 01000 0.002 0.003 (0.011 01016 0.025 0.029 0.033 0.038 0.068 0.059 0.074 2.5 0.000 0.001 0.002 01007 0.011 0.016 0.020 0.024 0.027 0.036 0.047 0.061 3°” 0.000 0.001 0.002 0100s, 0.008 0.012 0.015 0.018 0.021 0.028 0.038 0.051 4 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.008 0.005 0.007 0.009 0.011 0.015 0.018 0,026 0.039 5 0,000 9.000 0.001 01002 01003 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.009 9.015 0.019 0.031 30 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0:002 0.002 0.002 0.00 0.007 0.016 15 0.000 0.000 0.000 0:000 02000 01000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.011 20 0:00 0-000 0-000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.008 50 0.000 0-000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 9.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 pe eet Be deme m= %b m= sb oe] FIG.3.30 Vertical stress beneath comer of uniformly Hoaded rectangle. cera ase 8c (Padum, 1948). E5456 81D 23456800 ‘the vertical displacenent at the surface Explicit expressions and influence factors for (@=0)_have been evaluated for four points beneath the rectangle, and for the mean displacenent py, by Giroud (1968). ‘These influence factors are shown in Fig.3.51 and are ‘tabulated in Table 3.19. For all points, GS) p47 where b u ” ¢ o see G.21) is the length of the shorter side is the contre of the longer side the centre of the shorter side ‘the comer the centre of the rectangle the mean58 ‘TABLE SURACE LOADS OM SEMI-THPINETE WSS 3.19 INFLUENCE FACTORS FOR VERTICAL SURFACE DISPLACEMENT BENEATH RECTANGLE 1.azz 6 i226 127s a37 11388 11396 1.433 1a67 1.500 1532 11590 Leas. 1,669 i783. 1880 L964 21038 22105 21220, 21518 21403 277 21884 0.766 0.795 0,822 0.847 0.870 0.892 o:si2 0.931 0.949 0:96 01982 1012 11039 11082 10 i159 1,201 1239 iz 11330 11379 1422 1459) 1493 0.946] 0.992 1035| 1078] unz 1a A181) 1213 er 1273 1.300 1353 1401 1424] isa i616] 1 64| A765] 11826] 1935] 210281 21110) 2182, 21246) 0.561 0.588 ores. 0.656 0.638 0.679, 0,698. 0.716 0.734 0.750 0.766 0.795, 01822 01835, 0.892 0.340 0.982 101s L0s2 ane aise 1,201 1239 alan 0,766 0,810 0.852 0,892 0.950 0.966 1,000, 1033 Vos 1os4 1122 1176 11226 11250 1.358 1.450 iiss2 L608 11669 1783 11880 1964 21088, 22105 1 1 FIG.3.31 Influence factors for vertical surface Aieplacenent beneath rectangle. (Giroud, 1968). Giroud, 1968) la = % as 20 25 30 40 so 60 70 80 30 100 200 300, 400 500 600 700 800 909 10? do’ aot 108 c 1.401 1,495, 1364 1622 uns a7aa 1842 1891 1934 1971 21005 21225 2.355, 21486 2's17 2.875, 21624 21667 21704 21738, 3.47. 42204 41937 2.362 2548 21686, 21802 21985, 37 31243, 31341 312s 31501, 31568 42010 42268 44st 41593 4.709 41807 41892 41967 5.034 6.500, 71966 91432 For a point on the centre-line of the rectangle, Aistance = from the centre (Fig.5.52) , Giroud (1969) gives the following expression for the horizontal, surface displacozent Prt (149) -20) pp |. py Sana *H8s ate BF +10 - Peota gba - Fron this expression, the solution for te ‘veneath the corner of a rectangle of proportions may be obtained by taking half the value of P; obtained from equation (3.21) when =k. ¥1G.3.32[RECTANGULAR 2RER 59 LINEARLY VARYING VERTICAL LOADING ig. 5.35) 3.4.2 ni ‘The normal stresses a3 Giroud (1970): expressed as follows by Under the comers: 0, = eR My se G28) fe = © pl Ma ~ (20) + (6.22) oy = calm a-evy) = (3.220) Under the centre: -0 sve (B.258) o, = 0 sss G2) 4-0 sve Gu232) where ¢= #1 at Cy and Cl, and, Lat Cr and C3, Mo,Ma,ti¥a,Mi are influence factors which are given in Tables 3.21 20-5.25, Influence factors for the vertical surface dis- placement beneath various points have been obtained by Giroud (1968), and are tabulated in Table 5.20. Explicit expressions for the displacements are given by Giroud, ogo Ge ee (5.240) ce se em) (6.240) ad a= tf 24a Ae, ov = Gp SERRE. (5.240) Gatley ae a .24) te = 0 at points Wand 0... (5.249) TABLE 5.20 INFLUENCE FACTORS FOR VERTICAL SURFACE DISPLACEMENT. ‘DUE TO LINEARLY VARYING COMPRESSION TO TENSION roses (Giroud, 1968) bee heb bt I, Jy | Ig Ty MTS oy 10.149 0,265]1 0,149 0,263 15 0.995 2.105150 0,269 ]1.1 0.162 0.282 20 1.084 1:2 0.181 0,274|1.2 0.174 0.300 25 L1s4 113 0,182 0.279 |1.3 0.187 0.517 30 aan 114 0153 0.282|1.4 0.198 0.354 40 1,501 115 01154 0.286] 1:5 0.210 0.349 50 1372 156 0154 0.289]1.6 0.221 0.364 60 1429 117 01185 0.291] 1.7 0.252 0.379 70 1478 Le 0.294 |1:8 0,243 0,592 80 1.520 Le 0.296 |1.9 0.255 0.406 90 1557 0.297 |2° 0.265 0.418 100 11590 2.2 01282 200 i810 24 300 1,939, 2.5 0.509 0.475 400 3° 0.549 0.524 500 3.5 0,386 0.566 600 4 0.158 0.512] 4° 0.418 0,603 700 4.5 0.159 0.515 |4.5 0.448 0.656 800 3° 0.159 0.3145 0.475 0,666 900 6 0.159 0.515 /6 0.524 9.719 10% 7 7 0,566 0.765 108 8 8 0.605 0.804 105 10 9 0.656 0.840 10° ° 10 0,668 0,872 ©60 SURFACE LORDS OW SEMI-INFININE MASS TABLE 5.21 WoLMS 9 (Gizoud, 1970) aan 10.2 1/3 04 O58 43 1 LS 2 25 3 5 0 = © 0.000 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.280 0.250 0.250 0.2 0.000 0.109 0:160 0-180 0.183 0.186 0.187 01188 0.188 0.188 0.188 0:4 0.000 0.047 0-083 0-111 0.118 0.126 0.131 01136 0.135 0.235 0.135 0:5 0.000 0.055 0-060 0.085 0.082 0.100 0.107 01112 0.115 0.113 0.113 026 0.000 0:025 0-048 0-065 0.072 0.079 0.087 0:093 0.094 0-094 0.098 0:8 0.000 0.015 0.025 0.038, 2049 0.056 0.068 0.065 0-065 0.065 1" 0.000 0.007 0.015 0.023, 2031 0.036 0.048 1.2 01000 0.005 0.009 0.014 2020 0.024 032 154 0.000 0.003 0.006 9.009, 2013 0.016 0.023 15 0.000 0.002 0.005 0.007 2011 0.013 0.020 156 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 (009 0.011 0.017 158 0,000 0.001 0.003 0.004 (006 0.008 0.012 0.013 2° 0,000 0.001 0.002 0.003, 008 0.005 0,008 0.010 2.5 0,000 0.000 0.001 9.002 2002 0.003 0,005 02008 5° 0,000 0.009 9.000 0.001 001 0.001 02003 0.003 0,000 0:00 0-000 0.000 000 0.000 0.001 0-001 3 0000 0:00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0001 10 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 : i 15 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0-090 0.000 0-000 20 0.000 0.000 9.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0:00 50 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0:00 TABLE 5.22 VAWES OF Me (Get, 20763 wei oO 0.2 3 0.4 08 2/3 1 1S 2 25 3 5 WwW 000 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 9.250 0.250 (000 0.025 0.040 0.085 0.086 0.085 0.083 0.042 0.062 0.042 0.082 0.042 0.042 ‘000 9.002 0.003 0.001 -0.000 -0.002 -0.005 -0.007 -0:008 -0.008 -0.008 -0-008 -0.008 ‘000 ~0.001 -9.002 -0:008 0.008 -0.010 -0.015 -0.015 70-016 -0:016 -0.016 0.016 -0:016 ‘000 -0.002 -0.008 =0:009 “0.010 -0.013 -0.016 =0:019 -0.020 -0.020 -0.020 -0.020 ‘000 -0.002 -0.005 =0:009 -0.010 -0.013 -0.016 =0:019 -0-019 -0.019 -0.019 -0.019 ‘000 -0:002 =0.005 °0:007 0.008 -0.010 -0.018 0.016 -0.016 -0.016 -0-016 -0.016 '900 -0.001 -0.002 -0.004 0.005 -0.006 -0.007 -0.009 -0.012, 0.012 -0.032 -0.013 -0.015 -0.013, {000 =0:001 -0.002 -0.003 -0.003 -0.008 -0.005 -0.007 0.008 -0.009 0.010 -0.020 -0.010 =0:001 =0.001 -0.002 0.003 -0.003 -0.008 -0.006 0.008 =0.008 -0.008 -0.009 -0.009 1 =9:001 -9-00 “0:02 =0:005 =0.008 -0.005 0.007 -0:007 0.007 -0.008 -0.008 1 =0:000 -9:001 -0.002 -0.002 -0.005 -0.004 70.005 -0.006 0.006 -0.006 -0.006 2° 0.000 -0.000 -0.003, =0:001 -0.002 -0.002 -0.003, 01004 “0:00 0.005 -0:005 2.8 0000 -0.000 -0.000 70-001 =0:001 -0-00. -0.002 0.002 =0:002 0.003 -0-003 3° 0,000 -0.000 -0.000 70.000 =0.000 -0.001 -0.001 0.001 -0:001 -0.002 -0-002 4 0.000 -0.000 -0:000, =0:000 =0:000 -0.000 -0.000 =0.001 -0.001 0.001 -0-001 30.000 -0.000 -0.000 0.000 07000 =0.000 -0.000 70.000 =0:000 0.000 -0.000 30 0.000 -0.000 -0.000 0.000 0000 ~0.000 0.000 01000 -0:000 0.000 -0.000 35 0.000 -0.000 -0.000 0000 0000 =0.000 0.000 =0:000 =0.000 0.000 20 0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0. =0:000 =0:000 -0.000 =0:000 -0.000 0.000 50 0.000 -0.000 -0.000 = =0:000 =0.000 -0.000 =0:000 -0.000 0.000RECTANGULAR AREA a caus WARS GF Wa (Giroud, 1970) Foor aa ms et 0s WD cei O25 Glee ask (OM ch GE leltee acoes Gotta nom “et 0.0m) ous bikes Sis tee ncoed tet Se Qooee Gutet Seem, Game trees Cey coe eee cae ee ee ee Goo ieee Se a eee ; oeame Sioa Grist cioee Gites oes eet ‘aroes ake Gott ee nom Goes oo ae gees teeet So eee oe ies Greek ams Geet Some ome Gree oom a gins Glee Sete eek beet ame coeur eet ceeey Go gm cee eae ee gon eee Seo, ak Goat Sak Oras ae toes oom oe cee oa Bose ge tee” Ge, Saat Stn etes Cog LO See Mane Stos BeOS OO 2) toes eee eee oom Oe eae migee Goes ties tee, Se grees Gees Crees Sime smes Gress ee ocien Sims cud aes Gy ON oe Se Coes ee Ooeee oeey ee oe gang $902 ovata $00) ton 2-08) me Gong Qogn Cveed O00) Ome O-ag grarg $000 tne 0-00) ton 2.000 omy 2.090 cme oitog 0-00) 00r De eam Ge fee foam gion ‘eceay Goan ccoma siameracees gutee Sims Sooo en rae cima, 110 Gro ao? eds t,t Sap me oe fan a oat Ha tae nae io ont Oat Ha game ome ene aie oes ee os grana 2-08 oan Poet ia ams cree ee aceon niet areas giant “gos ; rea ame tes oe Go be Sioa Saas Ses - be a ame Ses cee ee hae Soom: ae See o.ats Petes Goes Ge Geese ice hee ieee Goo. eee Gee ane 2 im com ce pee. oe oes fom Siem Gian Game a 7 o.ana By tes Geo, ites Gee ee ee gam Seow eee Ciee o.aea gets Ges. ies Cee ne ee ee oo es Goo - Bhan sont gine Goes pie how nie om fame aoe gare BME Ses me Bree ee Oe oe ae oe Ste sare2 SURFACE LOADS OM SEMI-INFINITE "ASS TABLE 5.25 — (Giroud, 1970) we oak sas 43D 20025 5 8 ww = 0.000 0.039 0.185 0.175 0.287 0.202 0.219 0.235 0.244 0.247 0.248 0.249 0.250 0.250 0.250 9.000 0.022 0.042 0.062 0.070 0.079 0-091 0.103 0-110 0-112 0.115 0-114 0.215 0-115 0.115 9.000 0.009 0.018 0.028 0.035 0.038 0.045 0.054 0.059 0:061 0.062 0.063 0.063 0.065 0.063, 9.000 0.006 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.027 0.053 0.080 0.084 0.046 0.047 0.047 0.048 0-048. 0.048 9.000 0.005 0.009 0.014 0.017 0.020 0.028 0.023 0.033 0:035 0.056 0.056 0.037 0.037 0.037 9.000 0-002 0.005 0.008 0.009 0.011 0-013 0.017 0.020 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.025 0.025 0.023 9.000 0.001 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015 2 01000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.008 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.010 0.010 0.010 '4 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.005 0:004 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.007 30.000 001 0. : 9.005 0.005 0.005 0.006 %6 0.000 : 0.006 0.004 0.004. 0-005 1:8 0.000 0.001 9.001 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.003 0-003" 0.004 2° 0.000 9.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 9.003 2.5. 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 9.001 0.001 0:01 0.001 0.001 3” 0,000 9,000 0.000 0.000 10:000 0.001 9:001 0.001 0.001 4 0000 0.000 0.000 0.1 {9:000 0.000 9-000 0.000 0.000 3 0.000 0.000 0.000 0. 0.000 0.000 9.000 0.000 0.000 30 0.000 9.000 9.000 0. 9,000 0-000 9.009 0.000 0.000 35 0.000 0:00 9.000 0. 92000 0:060 0.000 0.000 0.000 20 0.000 0.000 0.000 0. 0.000 0.000 9.000 0.000 0.1 50 0.000 0-000 0.000 -0. 0 0.000 0.000 For a point at a distance = from the edge che, on the axis OW (Fig.3.53), Gireud (1969) gives the folloving solution for the horizontal splacenent pct (eB) 1D cy yan MSIF * = ae Se Oe - $a- Pact B+ worm gay) + Pplaroien F + arctan Mts) ) 3) .25) As in Section 3.4.1, the solution for the comer of a rectangle of proportions 28/b_ may be obtained by taking half the value of pj for z=l. ‘The results in this section can be combined with those in Section 5.4.1 to give the results for a ‘trapezoidal distribution of loading. For the par- ‘ticular case when the loading varies linearly across the rectangle to zero at one edge, expressions and graphs for the vertical stress are given by Gray ((1943,1948), expressions for the horizontal and shear stresses by’Aubraseys (1960) and graphs and expressions for vertical displacement by Stamatopoulos (1959). VERTICAL EMBANKMENT LOADING (Fig.3.34) Vertical surface displacements pz have been evaluated for several points by Giroud (1968) . } 3.4.3 e factors Xp, Xp ete for the seven 347320 shown in Figs. 5.35 to ses G.26) Expressions for the influence factors (centre) and Kg(corner) are as follows: Eben coo Fea) + Fo Leds (2-28)? 4, aoa8 + Vii-28)" + (anoB)* ET 1-28 _ (a8)? 2208+ Jace)? + (ona8)* , 28LiF 4081 18 tn Sotelo Py aBbt+(I-8" _-L ,, aw 8 Yaa a-1 at, Aiaew ee Vg a v8-1) lot? 5, Ata ata 96-007 78 140") (140) a0? ,, Baws 8 /i-§)* (0-8) 8-0 — (a8 e(-8)?-8 8 Fia-6)*+(0-8) 46-1 + 28 snt1e/i] ane fa ™ Zer-08)*42(0-28)*-apiael Bean Conlin +f gy Le Ae RECTANGULAR AREA (3.278) 6 ] For the point A, [ Em comnlaaa + Baty, toeest Ly, Ataz28)* 66% 148-2, 2/88 vE-1 aan, create 9-50 2B Alinta }=(20203 _ cat, Aaa 2B Va=28)¥ +4 (a8) 4208-0) - Heat 2(o-8) in 8 Tea (a 81 2 * » Tomar | aes B.270) In the above expressions, a= d/a B= ofa. G.27) Vane: a re | \e i F1G.3.34‘SURFACE LORDS OW SeMI-INETUITE HAS 6s ¥1G.3.35 Dlaplecenent Influence Factors K,. (Girout, 1968) . Displacenent mflvence Factors XK. (Girou, 1968) rio. 37 Displacement Influence Factors Xj. (Gizoud, 2968)FYG.3.38 Displacesent Influence Factors x_. (Giroud, 1968). ¥1G.3.39 Displacenent Influence Factors K,'. (Gizoud, 1968). FIG.3.40 Displacement Influence Factors K,'. (Girowd, 1968).6 SURACE LOADS ON SEE-INPINITE ASS 10 3 3.4.4 UNIFORM HORIZONTAL LOADING (Fig. 5.42) 16,3442 Holt (1940) gives the folloving solugions Zor the stresses beneath the comers Cz and C} of the rectangle: eth BI (6.28) og = fom) es.20) . abt) 2 RY o a8 AS ad 2)) we (5.286) tm a ab) 2 FIG.3.41 Displacement Influence Factors K,'. (Girout, 1968). tye = S [tart . bbe ea ats HRs vs G.28a) a, = % rede abe 2 ye 7 Ee Re ahe Dy]... 6.209 =D fon BA) ged 1 ‘ By ont Mas ay ss 6.28) where R= (224) Re = (Baty By = (bts) Tt should be noted that the values of Tez Tye and dz for uniform horizontal loading correspond £0 ‘the values of Oz, ‘and Txg for uniform vertical loading (from the reciprocal theeres). ‘The principle of superposition may be applied to deternine the stresses at points not beneath the comer of the rectangle. Influence factors for the normal stresses have been obtained by Giroud (1970). The stresses are expressed 05 follows: Under the comers, e=eah so 298) oy 89 hy ~ (I-20) vee (3.29) oy 79 Ms ~ (20K se @.290) yRECTANGUTAR AREA where €= 41 at Cz and Ch (see Fig.3.42) Under the centre, wot at Gh and a Xu, Kay 3, Key XG are influence factors = which are given in Tables 3.26 to 5.30. ye TABLE 5.26 VAUWES OF _Ky Gizoud, 1970) — ‘ » who os 27s 1 1S 2 28 5 8 De © 0.000 159 0.159 0.159 0.159 0.159 0.159 0.159 0.159 0.159 0.2 9000 2145 01149 01152 0.155 0-153. 0.153 0.153 0.155. 01153, 0:4 9.000 S115 0.125 0.155 0.156 0,137 0.157. 0.157 0.137. 0.157 0:5 05000 100 0111 0.121 0,125 0.127 0:127 0.127 01127 0-127 0:6 05000 :085 0.097 0.109 0.115, 0137 0.117 0.117 01117 0117 0:8 0.000 2052 0.073 0.086 0.095 9.096 0.097 0.097 0:097 0.097 19,000 2045 0.054 0.067 0.075, 0.079 0.079 0.079 0:080 0.080 1.2 0.000 ).033 0.080 0.051 0.059 0.064 0.064 0.065 0.065 0.065, 14 9-000 01024 01050 01040. 0.087 0.052 0.055 0.058 0:054 0.054 1s 9L000 0.021 01025 01035 0.042 0.087 0.048 0.049 0.049 0.049, 16 0%000 0.018 0.023 0.031 0.038 0.083 0.084 0.045 0.045 18 0/000 01014 0.018 0.035 01036 01057 0.058 2" 01000 0.011 0.014 0.029 0.030 0.052 01052 2.5 0.000 006 0.008 0:019 0:020 0.022 9.022 3° 0.000 0.008 0.005 0.013 0:014 01015 0.016 % 0.000 0.002 0:002 0.007 0:007 0.009 0.009 5 0.000 0001 0:001 0,004 0:004 01008. 0.006 30 9:00 0000 03000 0:00 0.000 02001 07001 02001. 0001 1s 0/000 9000 0000 0.000 0-000 2000 07000 0:000 0.001 20 01000 000 0000 0:000 0.000 9.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 50 0.000 000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0:000 0.000 0.000 TABLE 5.27 VALUES OF _ty (Gizeud, 1970) oot us Sus ot 10 0 0.00 = = > 0.2, 0.000 0.107 0.259 0.507 0:4 05000 0.037 03106 01135 0:5 0:00 0.023 0.069 0.073. 0.091 01129 0:6 0.000 0.016 0.047 0.054 0.063 0094 0:8 0.000 0.007 0.023 0.025 0.031 0052 10,000 0,008 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.030 1.2 0.000 0,002 0.006 0.007. 0.009 : 0.018 154 0,000 0,001, 0:00 0:004 0.005 0.006 0.009 0.010 0.011 0.011 0.012 15 0-000 0:001, 0:003 0003 0.004 0:005 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.009 0.009 1s 0:00 0-001 0002 0003 0:003 0:004 0:05 0.006 0.007 0.007 0.008 18 0/000 0:00, 0.001 0002 03002 0.003 0.004 0.008 0.005 0.005. 2° 0.000 0.000 001 9.001 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.004 2.8 01000 0.000 0000 9000 0:001 0.001 0.001 0-001 0.001 0.002 3” 0:00 0.000 0.000 9.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 4 05000 0:000 0.000 000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0-000 0.000 0.000, 3 05000 0.000 000 0.000 0:000 0.000 0.000 0:000 0.000 0.000 19 0.000 0.000 0000 0000 0:00 0:000 0:000 0-000 0:000 0.000, 3s 0,000 0.000 0000 0000 05000 0:000 0:000 0:000 0-000 0.000 20 01000 0.000 0000 05000 0:00 0:000 0000 0:000 0:000 0.000 50 02000 -0000 -05000 0000 0:00 -0000 -0000 0:00 0.000 ~0.00068 SURFACE LOADS OW SEMI-INFTUITE 135s TABLE 3.28 MAUS OF (Girovd, 1970) W504 08 2/5 1 LS 2 25 3 5 19 & 0.209 0.100 0.088 0.071 0.047 0.027 9.017 0.011 0.008 0.003 0.001 0.000 01048 0.049 0.048 0.044 0.033 0.021 0.014 0.010 0.007 0.003 0.001 0.000 3.023 0.025 0.026 0.026 0.025 0.016 0.011 0.008 0,006 0.003 0.001 0.000 01018 0.018 0.020 0.021 0.019 0.014 0.010 0.008 0.006 0.003 0.001 0.000 9.012 0.013 0-015 0.016 0.016 0.012 0.009 0.007 0.005 0.002 0.001 0.000 0,007 0,008 0.009 0.010 0.011 0.009 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.003 9.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.002 9.002 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.000 9.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.000 0,001 0:001 0:001 0,002 0.002 0.005 0.003 0.008 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.000 0,001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0-002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 9,009 0000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 (0,009 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 9,009 0,000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 10,000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0000 0.000 0.000 0:000 9:000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 9:000 0.000 0.000 0.000 9.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0:000 -0:000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 TABLE 3.29 eo (Giroud, 1970) bn wo oto SS SS 2S SS ° eo 8 © «© » «© «© «© « «© 0.2 0,005 0,027 0.056 0,085 0.109 0.142 0,185 9,218, 0.255 0.258 0.259 oa 0001 0.005 0.017 01025 0.038 0.059 01091 0.118 01155 01186 01158 os 01000 0:005 0,010 0.025 0.024 0.059 0.065 0.090 01125 ol127 0l128 0:6 01000 0:002 0:006: 0.009 0.015 0:026 0.048 0.070 01101 01208 0706 0:8 01000 0.001 07002 0,008 01007 0.015 0.026 0.042 01070 0.074 0.075 1 81000 91000 0:01 0.002 0005 0:007 01015 0.027 01051 01054 0.058 12 0.000 0,000 0.001 0.001 0-002 0.004 0.009 0.017 0.058 0.082 14 9000 0.000 0.000 0:00 0:001 0.002 01005 0.011 0.029 0.033 13 10.000 0:00 01000 0.000 0.001 01002 0:06 0009 01025 0.029 16 (01000 01900 01000 03000 0-001 0.001 0.003 0.007 01022 01026 xs ‘01000 0:000 0000 03000 0:000 9.001 0.002 0.005 0021 2 ‘05000 01900 0000 0000 0:000 0-000 0.001 0.005 0.018 0018 25 92000 9/000 07000 0:000 02000 02000 0-001 0.001 0:08 0.012 5 02000 0,000 0000 0000 02000 0:00 9:00 0.001 9.005 2008 4 0.000 0:000 0.000 0:00 0.000 0.000 0:00 0.000 002 0005 5 0.000 9000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0:00 0.000 0.000 0.000 001 0005 30 0.000 -02000 0:000 0:00 0.000 0:000 01000 0.000 0.000 000 0,001 35. 0:000 -0:000 -01000 0.000 0:000 0.000 0:000 0.000 0.000 0000 0-000 20 0.000 “0.000 -0:000 -0.000 -0:000 0.000 0:000 0.000 0.000, 0000 000 50 0.000 0000 000 000 -0:000 0,000 -0:000 0.000 -0.000 0-000 -0.000 -0.000ecrANGUEAR AREA TABLE 3.50 yaw (Giroud, 1970) be who OA 02 VS 04 OS MS 1 1S 2 25 53 5 1 0.0 ° <6 - - 91000 0.056 0.059 0.244 0.248 0.255 0.258 0.259 8000 01016 0-051 01143 01147 O11s5 01187 0L158 000 0.011 0-028 0111s 01118 01124 01127 01128 000 03009 07017 01083 01096 0:02 0/108 0/106 0,000 0.005 0-010 0063 01066 01071 0.074 0:07 1000 9.005 9.007 0045 01047 01052 0.054 0.055 9,000 0/002 “004 0033 01035 01039 L081 0,042 0000 0.002 0.003 0024 01026 01050 0.082 0.035 91000 0-001 07003 0021 01025 01026 01028 01029 9:000 0:001 0.002 0.019 05020 01025 0.025 0.025 9000 0-001 0,002 0.014 01016 0:019 0-020 0-021 8000 0:001 0-001 dco 01012 0.015 0:017 0.018 9000 0000 07001 9.007 03007 03009 90.011 0.012 9000 0:00 0:000 9.004 03005 03006 0.008 0.008 9000 0:00 0:000 lo02 9002 0.003 0.008 0.005 8000 0:00 0000 [001 0001 01002 0:05 0-003 0000 0:000 0000 0:000 0000 07000 02000 0001 92000 0000 0:000 0.000 0:000 0:00 0.000 07000 9000 0:00 0:000 :000 0:000 0:000 0.000 07000 000 0:00 0:000 05000 0:000 0.000 01000 0.000, Explicit expressions and influence factors for or 2GG-WetT yy vortical displacement pq” beneath the points. C1, Ca, z e By and Be of the rectangle have been evaluated by ves (318) Gtroud (1968) and are given in Table 5.31 (refer Fig. 3.42 for definition of £ and B). be cy, p, = HHWG=BEb Te se poy al" ® + (6.50) or {UUW L IE se yyy eS 2 + (5.508) where Ig= 2 [arwtonas atn Fee. (3.306) and a= b/t Te-& [aot t+Lin fret]... (3.300 anda = B/b. p, #20 DID se pay At Be a E a ses (3.310) Giroud (19692) gives the following expression for the horizontal displacenent fe of a point on {he centre-Line B22" (Fig.3.42), distance’ =” from fer) 2), ar Gd) oe [rae - Btn = ¢ pe aie) +2 py DDT, ,b ,, areola pee Ot ae see (8.32) For the comers 0; and Cz, Girovd (19698) sives = Ge) [2-0 Dil, by, sefvt) 7 2 Ee tae) ws (6.350) ny ILD gah) cerns (+ for Ch and C3 = for 6, and ch).70 SURFACE LOADS ON SEME-TUFZVITE MASS TABLE 3.31 [INFLUENCE FACTORS FOR VERTICAL SURFACE DISPLACEMENT ‘DUE TO UNIFORM HORIZONTAL LOADING Giroud, 1968) bee 22d WA ipt tyt| Mb to ty My Ty 1 0.180 0.276/1 0.380 0.276 15 0.590 0.701 1.10185 0.288/ 1.1 01392 0.280 20 0.636 (0.746 1:2 01 1:2 01204 0.303 25 0.671 0.782 13 0: 113 01214 0.315 30 0.701 0.811 114 01197 0.318 | 1:4 0.225 0.326 15 0:200 0.327] 1:5 0.288 0.337 156 0.205 0.335 11:6 0.243 0.347 1.7 0.206 0.342| 1.7 0.252 0.356 % 1.8 0.208 0.348/ 1:8 01260 0.365 19 0.210 0.355] 1:9 0.268 0.375 2° 0.212 0.360] 2° 0.276 0.381 100 0.892 1.002 2.29:215 0.371] 2.2 0.290 0.396 200 1.002 1/113 215 0.219 0.384] 2:4 0.503 0.810 300 1.067 1.177 3° 0.224 0.401] 2:5 0.309 0.416 400 1.113 1.223 5.5 .0.228 0.415| 3" 0.337 0.445 $00 1.148 1.259, 4° 0.250 0.423] 3.5 0.361 0.469 600 1.177 1.288 4.5 01282 o14as1| 4" 0.381 0.4 is2 5 0.284 0.438/ 4.5 0.400 0.5 1.333 7 0.289 0.455|5° O.4l6. 0.5: 2352 30 0.242 0.468] 6 0.485 0: 1369 4s 0.245 0.479|7 0.469 2735 20 0.246 0.48¢|8 0.491 102 40 0.248 0.492/9 0.509 469 = 0.250 0.50/10 0.526 - LINEARLY VARYING HORIZONTAL LOADING (Fig.3.43) 4 6 4 3 x ™ 82 fo = x ‘ y FIG.1.63 Influence factors for the nomal stresses have been obtained by Giroud (1970). The stresses are expressed as follows: Under the comer: 5am soe 3.348) nail = (2-20) ses (8.340) Sy = -21Ms ~ (2-203) se (S540) Under the centre, 6, = 240K th) so (3.558) 0, = 24UKs- Man(2-20) (R= MS) (8.350) Oy = 2a Us My-(4n2) (R= MN (3.35e) ‘The influence factors Myatsq ih, Ma, ME in Tables 3.52 t0 3.36. Tebles 3.26 20 5.50. are given isKa,H3,Ks,K} are given in~ Explicit expressions and influence factors for eal displacement p; beneath the points QsA,C1, C1,51,02,Cl,B2 of the rectangle have been evaluated by Giroud (1968) and are shown in Table 3.37. Influence factors for the nean settlement fm are also given. Moh oy = HmG-Nell ashes oye cf (5.368) or HRUEBVEET se yyy es (5588) and similarly for points 2; and Bi, where Ig = Z [41 + cancion £ tn Ay s+ (5.360) and a = b/2 th = La +d arctan + wolfe] é + (5.568) and a= 4p be 0, pg = HMMBVOE ID 56 bey . + (3.37) or fieviteauab th ¢ 82> + (5.370) and similarly for point A and the mean Settlement Pre Giroud (1969) gives the following expressions for the horizontal displacements at the comers of the ectanglRECTANGULAR AREA a = HO) g fp SEE = wutley 7E > 1 2 aE - aw 2 AER b) G38 so e388) ( for ¢, and Ch, = for C2 and cy for cf and cl, - for Cy and cs). TUBLE 5.32 = VALUES OF My _(Girows, 1970) wo on 02 Vs 0d 08 WS 1 1S 2 25 3 5 0,159 0.159 0.159 0.159 0.259 0.159 0.159 0.159 0.159 01065 01075 01076 0.078 0.078 0,078 0.078 0.078 01012 0.021 0.027 0.029 0.030 0.031 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.159 0.078, 0.030, aH g "000 0:06 0.011 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015 7000 0.003 0.005 0,007 0.007 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.005 0,004 000 0001 0.001 -0.002 -0.003 -0.004 -0.006 -0.006 0.007 000 “0003 -0:004 ~0.005 -0.006 -0.008 -0.010 -0.011 -0.011 000 [0004 “0004 -0:005 “0:007 -0:009 -0-011 -0.011 20.012 0.012 000 01003 “0.004 -0:005 “0:00 -0.008 -0.010 -0.011 20.012 70.012 -0.012 000 01005 “0:004 -0:004 -0.005 -0.008 -0.009 -0.010 ToLo14 -0/011 0-011 -0.011, 000 0,003 -0.003 -0.004 -0.005 -0.007 -0.009 -0.010 70011 -9-011 0-011 -0.011, 000 “01002 =0.003 =0.003 -0.004 -0.006 -0.008 -0.009 0,009 -0:010 -0.010 -0.010 000 “0002 “0002 -0:003 -0.004 -0005 -0.007 -0.007 0.008 -0:009 -0.009 -0.009 000 0001 0.001 -0.002 -0.002 -0.005 -0.004 ~0.005, “0006 0.006 =0.006 -0:006 000 0001 0.001 -0:001 -0.001 -0.002 -0.003 ~0.004 “0004 02005 -0.005 ~0.005 000 0000 “0.009 -0:001 0.001 -0.001 0.001 -0.002 “0.002 -0.003 -0.003 -0-003 000 0000 0000 -0:000 0.000 -0:001 -0.001 ~0.001, 0.001 =0-002 -0.002 -0.002 000 0000 0000 “0.000 0.000 -0-000 0.000 -0.000 0000 =07000 -0.000 -0:001 000 0000 0000 “0:00 0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 0000 =0:000 0.000 ~0-000 000 e009 =0:000 =0.000 =0,000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 0.000 =0:000 0.000 -0-000 7000 =0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0-000 0.000 =0,000 0.000 -0.000 ‘TABLE 3.55 VALUES OF Ms _(Gtroud, 1970) Bt we 00. 02 WS OM OS YS 1 OS 2 RS SS 0. 000 ee ee e « » «© © =» © = «© @ 0.2 0.000 0.015 0.017 0.012 0.008 0.002 -0.006 -0.015 -0.019 -0.020 0.02% ~0.021 0.021 -0.021 0.021 0:4 01000 0.006 -0:012 0.020 -0,024 -0.028 0.035 -0.042 -0.046 -0.047 0.087 -0.048 -0.048 -0.048 -0.048 023 0:00 -0.006 -0:012 -0.019 -0.022 -0.026 0.031 -0.037 -0.041 -0.042 2.042 ~.043 -0.043 -0.045 -0.043 0:6 0:00 -0.00$ -0:010 -0.015 -0.018 -0.021 -0.026 -0.031 -0.034 -0.095 “036 -0.036 -0.036 -0.036 0.036 (18 0.000 -0.003 -0.008 0.009 -0:011 -0.015 -0,016 0.020 -0.022 10.025 -0.023 -0.025 -0.024 -0.024 -0.023, 1” 02000 -0:002 -0003 0.005 -0:006 -0.008 -0:009 0.012 -0.014 10.014 -0.015 -0.015 -0.015 -0.015 -0.015, 1.2 0,000 0,001 -0.002 -0.003 -0.004 -0.004 -0.006 0.007 -9:008 -0010 -0:010 -0.010 -0:010 14 0009 -0:001 -0:001 -0-002 -0.002 -0.003 -0.003 -0.004 -0:006 -0.006 -0,006 -0.006 -0.006 us Zo:001 0.001 -0:002 -0-002 008 -0:005 -0.005 -0:005 -0.005 -0.005 16 70,001 +0001 -0:001 -0.002 "003 -0:004 -0.004 -0.004 -0.004 -0.004 1s “e000 “0001 “0:001 “0001 002 70,003 -0:003 -0:003 -0-003 -0.003, 2 “0:00 -0000 0.001 -0-001 0002 “0.002 -0:002 -0.002 -0.002 25 70000 -0.000 0.000 -0-000 79.001 -0:001 -0:001 -0:001 -0.001, 3 0000 =0000 0.000 -0:000 701000 -0:000 -0:000 -0.000 -0:000 4 0000 -0:000 0.000 “07000 000 -0:000 0.000 -0-000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 5 0,000 =0:000 0.000 -0.000 -0.000 ‘000 “07000 -0000 -0:000 0.000 -0-000 0.000 10 0,000 -0-000 -0.000 -0.000 0.000 {000 “0:00 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 0.000 15 0000-07000 =0.000 -0:000 0.000 000 0.000 -0:000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 0.000 20 70000 0000 =0.000 -0-000 -0-000 ‘000-0000 -0:000 -0:000 -0:000 -0.000 0.000 50 70000 0000 0000 “02000 "0:00 0.000 =0:000 “0.000 -0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000‘SURFACE LORDS OW SEMI-INFINITE MASS wm 5.34 vas oF cicaa, wm) ve eee es a1 ts St ou oa Al) tsa) @-t ae ann 4.0) ons odes 0 aan caso 0.00 3, om fen aoe os ee ae $y et om oe at Sie chime ee eee caine ee oar oem see sae at Sm Ses a oe a me ee ome hen sp eae oe foe Sete ime See Sa oan ee eae Sg Som 2m om 2m fm oat oe oe oF ose Sa ome Se oa cam ae ge te See ot coat 32 cael ames a Ss St St et “aan Se cat at oom See a ape “hac at “et oe Se mt om cae a ice 0 oe Se oe a 2a en ee Soe yo fee Some ee “ee es a ae Bier pee ze oom epee 22 288 pam foe Bo oom 30 ee fom ae £0 oe em fe aa gms ee tee es oe aoe Gee a 2 se fae om care = om 228 38 er eter nas 5.5 TES is (Giroud, 1970) a ES G8 2.08 2.8 “2.08 09 8m =a nt 2 e638 O08 8.8 0.08008 ES SRB 2.08 9.8 0.08 909-0 eng 0d 2 UF 8088.08 8-58. 0.07 ~0-08 PP Bb 208 2. 08 808 oe da aE SRE 0 8-04 <8 0.06 0.08 Fe Ee 8 0 a 88-2 2m 888. 2.888 Bee ee ee ee oe 2 Fe oe ee 2.00 20-8RECTANGUIAR AREA 73 TABLE 5.36 YALUES OF MS (Girovd, 1970) WE we 0 LOSS SS 2S SS 000 2 = = = 6 © © @© @§ = «© »© @ «© 0:000 0.016 0,044 0.045 0.043 0.038 0.035 0.083 0.032 0.030 0.029 -0.028 0,000 0.002 0.006 0.006 0.003 -0.000 -0-003 -0.005 0.006 -0.008 -0.009 -0.009 9.000 0.002 9.001 0,000 -0.002 -0.006 -0-008 -0.010 -0.011 -0.015 -0.014 -0-014 10,000 -0.000 -9.002 -0,005 -0:005 -0.008 -0.010 -0.012 0.015 -01014 -0.015 -0-016 0.000 -0:001 0.004 -0.006 -0 -0.022 -0.012 0.014 ~0:015 -0.015 0.000 -0:001 70.008 0005 0 =0:010 -0:011 0.012 -0.013 -0.013 9.000 -0-000 -0,003 0.004 -0 -0.008 -0.009 -0:010 -0:011 0.000 -0:000 0.002 -0:003 -0 006 -9.007 009 9.000 -0000 -0:002 ~0.003 -0 70.006 0.006 -0:007 -0.008 0.000 -0000 -0:002 -0.005 -0 -0.005 0.006 -0007 -0:007 0000 -0.000 -0. -0-001 -0.002 -0.008 0.005 0005 -0:006 2° 0,000 -9:000 -0:000 -0.003 -0:001 -0:002 -0:003 0.004 0.004 -0.005, 2.5 0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0:001 -0:001, -0:002 -9.002 0.003 -0.005, 3° 0,000 -9.000 0.000 -0.000 -0:000 -0:000 -0:001 +0001 -0:002 -0:002 -0:002 4 0.000 -0.000 -0000 0.000 01000 =0:000 0000 +0:001 0.001 0.001 50.000 0.000 -0:000 0.000 07000 0.000 =0.000 0.000 30 0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 =0:000 0.000 35 0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 0.000 ‘000 -07000 20 0.000 0000 =0:000 -0:000 -0:000 -0.000 -0:000 -0:000 50 +0000 -0.000 -0:000 -0:000 -0.000 -0.000 0.000 -0:000 ‘TABLE 53.37 [INFLUENCE FACTORS FOR VERTICAL SURFACE DISPLACEMENTS DUE TO ‘LINEARLY VARYING HORIZONTAL LOADING (Cte, 198 hep Leb bee i I it | wb if yo owl yo & & my 0.100 0.159 0.080 | 1 0,021 0.057 0.100 10.107 0.168 0.083 | 1.2 1.1 0,020 0.056 0.102 2 0.114 0.176 0.087 | 1.2 1:2 0.019 0.054 0.104 3 0.121 0.183 0.080 | 1:3, 1:3 0.018 0.052 0.105 4 0.127 0.189 0.093. | 1.4 1:4 0.017 0.051 0.107 § 0.133 0.395 0.096 | 1:5 1:5 0.016 0.049 0-108 6 0.139 0.201 0.098 | 1:6 156 0.015 0.048 0.109 7 0,184 0:206 0.100 | 1.7 27 0.014 0-048 0.110 8 01150 0.210 0.302 | 1.8 1:8 0.014 0.045 0.110 119 0.158 0.215 0.104 | 1.9 119 0.013 0.083 0.111 2° 0.159 0.219 0.106'| 2°. 2° 0.012 0.042 0.112 2.2 01168 0.226 0.110 | 2.2 2.2 0.011 0.039 0.113 215 0.179 0.235 o.114 | 2.4 215 0.010 0.036 0.118 3 0,195 0.247 0.119 | 2.5 3 0.009 0.081 0.116 3.5 0.208 0.255 0.124 | 3 3.8 0.007 0.028 0.117 4° 0,219 0.262 0.127 | 3.5 4 0,007 0.025 0.118, 5 0.285 0.273 0.133 | 4 5 7 0.255 0.285 0.139 | 4.5 7 100.273 0.296 0.145 | 5 10 18 0.287 0.302 0.149 | 6 15 20 0.294 0.306 0.151 | 7 2 500.308 0.313 0.156 | 8 50 100 0.313 0.316 0.158 | 9 100 0.249 0.165, © 0.318 0.318 0.159 | 10 ° 0.250 0.367" 3.5 Loading on an Elliptical Area SURFACE LOADS OW SEMI-INFINITE MASS Smee! 5.5.1. UNIFORM VERTICAL LOADING of it? 02 oso ‘Stresses and displacements at the surface and on } SS ‘the axis of the ellipse have been obtainod by SSS Deresiewies (1960) (Fig.3-44). Expressions are derived for the stresses and dis- 1 placements on the axis within the Bass, and on the Surface. The variation of maximm shear stress with depth for various @ values is shom in Fig.5.4S. Stress distributions along the axis for four values of 6 2 are given in Fig.3.46. In all cases, v=0.3, and @ eo is defined as e=(i-0!/04)3, core os y ° oa 099 ‘ | oo Ae = 5 ¥1G.3.45 maxisum shear stress dom axis of ellipse. ‘Geresiewies, 1960) Vatues of the horizontal stresses on the axis TT Tie are tabulated in Table 5.58, 716.344 TABLE. 5.58 WORIZOMTAL STRESSES ON AXIS OF ELLIPSE uy.) (Deresiewicz, 1960) 2 ° 05 068 09. 0.99 Exe/a ofp oy/o Se/p o/b oe/e __9y/P Se/p__oy/p e/p _oy/P © 0.8000 0.8000 0.8047 0.7955 0.6222 0.7778 0.8785 0.7214 0.9656 0.6568 0.05 0.7551 0.7551 0.7404 0.7350 0.7585 0.7244 0.8157 0.6875 0.8987 0.6158 0:1 OLG7IL 016711 0.6765 0.6716 0.6954 0.6716 0.7535 0.6538 0.8543 0.5954 0:2 O'S488 015488 015542 015542 0.5744 015694 016558. 015875 0.7100 0.5551 0:4 013428 075428 015488 05551 0.5681 015604 014255. 0.4647 0.5005 0.4849 0:7 0.1488 011488 011524 0.1599 0.1668 0.1999 0.2094 0.5157 0.2587 0.3859 10010575 010575 010600 0:0648 0.0875 0.0969 010928 012060 0.1255 0.3105. 15 0.0064 0.0064 0:0067 0.0090 0.0086 0.0229 0.0138 0.0997 0.0179 0.2270 2° -0500§0 -00050 010051 0.0037 -0.0085 0.0017 -0.0050 0.0457 -0.0277 0.1721 3 “olo064 “00064 00062 0.0067 “0.0078 -0.0084 -0.0115 0.0050 -0.0604 0.1095 % — “o%0046 “0:04 “0/0050 “00064 “00058 “0.0086 “0.0002 -0-0011 -0.0725. 0.0761 5 2010035 0/0035 =0:0019 -0.0050 -010058 -0:0040 0.0069 -0.0050 | -0.0785 0.0566 30 “00009 0:0009 “o“0018 -010001 -010010 -0:0013 0:0021 -0:0018 °0.0898 0.0252fon Jo2nes 3 a fouzaz jose py 9 o2 ow “os 08 10 [ELLIPEICAL AREA 1076 SURFACE LOADS OM SEMI-INFINITE Mass On the axis the displacements are given by (3.394) o, = Ave x0) - (3.398) where X(e) = complete elliptic integral of the first kind, Relative vertical displacements o/p,on the axis of the ellipse are shown in Fig.3.47 fo v0.3. The variation of 9/9, along the boundary of the ellipse with position is given in Fig.3.48, while Fig.5.49 shows. the variation of the displacenents at the extzenity of the major axis (oy) and the minor axis (py). bp. is expressed in all cases as a Tatio of the surface displacement pp. ro : ~ “Whew | | ¥1G.3.47 Vertical @isplacement on axis as ratio of surface value p, . (Deresievice, 1960). +0) ot ~ O88 FIG.3.48 Variation of boundary surface displacement D to centre value 9, with position along Boundary. (Deresievicz, 1960). 40 : ° Poy <= Pb Pal. 7 | | oz oe os oe 70. FIG.3.49 Variation of ratio of displacenent at extronity of major axis, 9, and minor axis, Pg to that at centre, p,." @eresiewicz, 1960). 3.8,2 VERTICAL SEMI-ELLIPSOIDAL LOADING ‘This type of loading has been used to simlate wheel loading on road pavements. Vertical stresses and vertical displacements within the mass have been evaluated by Sanborn and Yoder (1967).OADING OVER ANY AREA 3.6 Loading over Any Area 3.6.1 "NEWARK CHARTS" The basis for, and use of, "Newmark Charts", is described in 1.7.2, Charts for vertical stress Gz, horizontal stress, bulk stress 6 and shear stresses tee snd Try (all as a function of the applied stress), origitally presented by Newmark (3942), are reproduced in Figs. 3.50 to 3.54. Fig. 3.55 glves correction factors for’ Tcy when Poisson's ratio is different from 0.5, while Fig. 3.56 gives part Of the correction factor for Oz. When v#0.5, oz, 4s given by the value of 02 for v=0.5, plus (i-tv)/6 tines the value of 0 for \=0. (Fig. 3,52) Plus (ray) tines the quantity obésined fron Fig. 5.56. Sinilar charts for vertical displacenent pz on ‘the surface and below the surface were obtained by Newmark (1947) ard are shown in Figs.3.57 and 5.58. A chart for correcting the vertical subsurface dis- placements in Fig.3.58, which are for v=0.5, for other values of v, is given in Fig.3.59. ‘Figs. 3.50 to 3.59 are for vertical surface loading. Charts for the horizontal normal stress due to an applied surface horizontal shear loading have been ‘by Barber (1965) and are given in Figs.3.60 to 3.65. Stresses parallel to, and perpendicular to, the applied loading are considered for both v=0.5 and v=0. As pointed out by Bazber (1966), the vertical stress due to shear loading is, by the reciprocal theoren, identical to the shear stress due to a vertical load and may thus be determined from Fig.3.53. 3.6.2 SECTOR CURVES ‘The sector nethod and the use of sector curves have been described in 1.7.3. Sector curves for ‘the normal and shear stresses due to vertical loading, obtained by Poulos (1967a), are shown in Figs.3.64 and 3.65. For the vertical and radial displacements pz and pp, plots of the curves aro unnecessary, as the sector curves have the following simple explicit form: = 2g9, Go) ses B.39a) Bao, Go (3.39) 269 GANG) 9 ses (5.39) cS ? "2 ‘rs Ses at Soe Su Te ap ote So, eh eon 1S 10 os © ™ ¥1G.2.64 Sector Influence Values for g, and T,, “eer i Ss: / etre * I a] re Lt} 708 ee Ss 10 05 0 F1G.2.65 Sector Influence values for @ and ¢5- ”7 SURFACE LORDS OW SEMI-INFINITE MASS sami? t_ostapee 0 ‘wnch ‘Stress 1o| Comeutes ¥16.3.50 Influence chart for vertical stress c_ (Newmark, 1942) (a2 values of ¥) * o, = .0olip ‘where Weno.of blocks.Sege ot Outnce 00 « eotn “Pi wien Sirese FIG.3.51 Influence chart for horizontal stress G, (ewmark, 1942). 0.5) 7SURFACE LOADS OW SEMI-INFINITE 10SS S98 of Dstanes Bar'Bider sooo. baptn at wnien Stress] Commuted #1G.2.52 Influence chart for bulk stress @ (ewmark, 1942) (ger all values of v) = 204 counp there teno.of blocks.an saver ‘xreanony “uBys(-) snujws b Aq pazo>1puy 2u1 sexpore Z0rOUMN BI ae antoor = a (@ go sonten Tre 703) ™, gsaxye xvoys soy 370qD SOUONTZUT ES°¢-OTE s2ouanyu}] 2ANDBIN 100-0; S$! > (20jq 42d anjoA aduaNn)juT- = = 7 7 = == Or _ a = == 0 - a = = BI09S, - 7 al 2 mawHARK CHARTS 'SURFACE LORDS ON SEMI-INFINITE MASS KOO ALL TIRES Ry, fie KOK BESS SSeS CLL“Cevet ‘eremmon) *s*0%n won 4 09 uoyR: scone ie Bein GSTS \ \ af 014 ri ey SKIS W SS REE iY QKRLKS SRG KD SOR i | i LE s ftca Locke EG.3.57 Influence chart for vertical displacement at Surface. (emark, 1947).SURFACE LOADS OW SEMI-INFINITE "ASS speot seous portéde we 03 tortexed ajoos Bulyold =Z' uF adea’ ¥ sexe0rg ZOrOUNH oO Butoor = “b siy96t *z0qzea) “5000 1x98 TeqUOZFIOY X03 430K OUONTZUT O9"C DTT Vv yw 4 POI 30 earl $S2S'JO UORID JO 2ur] v dog ur ayoos Buniold=Zmemeare cuares sexpo1g 30°ouN “(sper ‘z00reg) * pertdde ue on Terrexed ‘ssazas Teauoryz0u 403 340 eDUONTZUT T9°C°DTE ayes Bulsi0ld *Z as V Vv qulod | PDO} jo VORDOd a $2495 JO UONDD JO DUTT. av aa pips BunioldLL? {7 RES Th [7 L? L? he litt Ios Bunrold = Z'—Taag* 4MEARE CHARTS sexpota so°oten oxo Batoo: = Yb stss6t ‘x0qre@) “oem “Prot st0Gs povtdde ue oy aeynospuodsed ‘ssazas Teauerysou 307 32S SOUONTTUT €9°C"OTE Vv wiog aip2s Bund "Zagat Y ‘SS0ujS jo UONDD Jo aun) 2 8 2 = 8 Q i ©) > Q Loo- 3 5 N (+) aipas Bunieid