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3 PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMS
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Change of Base
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Change of Base
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Example 1 Changing Bases Using Common Logarithms
a.
Use a calculator.
Simplify.
b.
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Properties of Logarithms
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Properties of Logarithms
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Example 3 Using Properties of Logarithms
Solution:
a. ln 6 = ln (2 3) Rewrite 6 as 2 3.
= ln 2 + ln 3 Product Property
b. ln = ln 2 ln 27 Quotient Property
= ln 2 ln 33 Rewrite 27 as 33.
= ln 2 3 ln 3 Power Property
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Rewriting Logarithmic Expressions
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Example 5 Expanding Logarithmic Expressions
b.
Solution:
a. log4 5x3y = log4 5 + log4 x3 + log4 y Product Property
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Example 5 Solution contd
Quotient Property
Power Property
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Introduction
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Introduction
One-to-One Properties
ax = ay if and only if x = y.
loga x = loga y if and only if x = y.
Inverse Properties
aloga x = x
loga ax = x
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Example 1 Solving Simple Equations
Original Rewritten
Equation Equation Solution Property
a. 2x = 32 2x = 25 x=5 One-to-One
b. ln x ln 3 = 0 ln x = ln 3 x=3 One-to-One
c. =9 3 x = 32 x = 2 One-to-One
d. ex = 7 ln ex = ln 7 x = ln 7 Inverse
e. ln x = 3 eln x = e 3 x = e3 Inverse
f. log x = 1 10log x = 101 x = 101 = Inverse
g. log3 x = 4 3log3 x = 34 x = 81 Inverse
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Introduction
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Solving Exponential Equations
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Example 2 Solving Exponential Equations
b. 3(2x) = 42
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Example 2(a) Solution
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e x = e 3x 4 Write original equation.
x2 = 3x 4 One-to-One Property
(x + 1)(x 4) = 0 Factor.
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Example 2(b) Solution contd
x= Change-of-base formula
3.807
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Solving Logarithmic Equations
To solve a logarithmic equation, you can write it in
exponential form.
ln x = 3 Logarithmic form
x = e3 Exponential form
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Example 6 Solving Logarithmic Equations
a. ln x = 2 Original equation
x = e2 Inverse Property
5x 1 = x + 7 One-to-One Property
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Example 6 Solving Logarithmic Equations contd
One-to-One Property
7x = 14 Isolate x.
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