Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion

As a mass on a spring goes

through its cycle of oscillation,
energy is transformed from
potential to kinetic and back to
potential.

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Slide 14-12
 Energy: Kinetic & Potential

Total Energy

Either in terms of
Kinetic K (x=0)

Or Potential U (|x|= A)

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

 Total energy as

1) Kinetic energy in full

E = m(vmax)2/2 or

2) Potential energy in full

E= kA2/2
Equating these we get
(vmax)2 = kA2/m

But from UCM we

found vmax = A

Equating these two

expressions yieds =>
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Prob. 14-15 A block of mass m tied to a spring with spring
constant k is undergoing simple harmonic oscillation.

a)When the displacement of the mass is A/2, what fraction of the mechanical
energy is kinetic energy and what fraction of it is potential energy?

This is because total energy E = kA2

b) At what displacement, as a fraction of A, is the energy half kinetic and half
potential?

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

 P14-16: At maximum displacement position, x = A,
a hammer hit gives the block a velocity v0 in the x direction.
>> Use Energy Conservation (often the easiest approach)
a) Find Amplitude Note: At x = the kinetic energy is 0

kA2 = mv02 => A = (m /k) 1/2 v0

b) Find the velocity v2 at a point

where x = A/2.
2
1 1 A 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 11 31
mv22 + k = mv20 + 0 J mv 22 = mv02 kA = mv02 mv20 = mv20
2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 42 42
3 3
v2 = v = (0.40 m/s) = 0.346 m /s = 35 cm /s
4 0 4
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Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Ch. 14: 7, 15,16, 22, 28, 36 ,44, 50
P44:
Mass hanging at the end of spring in the
gravitational field of Planet X is stretched
by L=31.2cm.
Pull mass down by x=10cm and released
Mass undergoes 10 oscillations in 14.5s
Find g
 14-P50 Ultrasound Device
m= 0.1g, f = 1MHz, max force F= 40,000 N,
Find max amplitude A

Find max speed v

 How to convert a snapshot graph to a
history graph and vice versa?

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

 Two more examples: Prob. 15.7

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

 Prob. 15.9 Wave moving to the right at v=1m/s
Given: History graph at x=0, Asked: snapshot at t=1s
Think: same thing happening at x=0 at t= 1s
has happened earlier at t= 0 sec read off value and place it at x= 1
or t= -1 sec at x= 2

And will happen at t=2 sec read off value and place it at x=-1

! This is probably the toughest part in

this chapter. Well work out more
problems of this sort later
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
 Problem 15-8
Given snapshot graph at t=2s

Draw history graph at x=0 for t=1 s to 8 s

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

 Prob.15-16

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

Ch15-P17 snapshot graph at t=0s

Amplitude A= 4cm
Wavelength =12m
Frequency f = v / = 2.0 Hz
Ch 15- P18 History Graph at x=0m
of wave moving to the right at v=2m/s

Amplitude A = 6cm
Period T = 0.05 to 0.65 = 0.6 s
Frequency f = 1/T = 1.33 Hz
Wavelength = v/f = vT= 1.2 m
Ch 15-28 Intensity of EM radiation

Sun emits EM waves with a power of 4x

1026W, what is the intensity of sunlight at
the positions of Venus, Mars and Saturn?
Intensity = Power / Area, A = 4r2
 Ch 15-P33

Source (loudspeaker) emits P= 35 W

Receiver (microphone) located r= 50 m from source.
(Microphone has area a=1cm2)

Find sound intensity, intensity level at the microphone

Intensity = Power / Area, where A= 4r2
Intensity level: = 10 dB log (Int / 10-12) = 90 db
Added question: What is the total power received by the
microphone? Power = Intensity x area,

Or, simpler way: P_mic / P_total = a / A

Ch 15- 56
Given the form of
the Wave function
Can read off the
Values of A, , T

b) Calculate v

c) After this put

t=0.5 s, and x=0.2 m
Into the expression
for y(x,t) to get amplitude