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C Reguler 2014
This assighment is the one of English task that composed of Normal Sentence Patterns
English As Second Language I realized this assighment is not perfect. But I hope it can be useful
for us. Critics and suggestion is needed here to make this assighment be better. Hopefully we as a
student in University Of Medan can work more professional by using English as the second
language whatever we done. Thank you.
Compiler
Table of contents
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Preface .vi
Table of contents..vii
Part I Understanding of Normal Sentence Patterns ..1
a. Subject ..1
b. plural...2
c.Verb.4
1. Regular Verb..4
2. irregular Verb.4
d. complement5
e. Modifier..5
PART I
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Understanding of Normal Sentence Patterns
An English sentence is constructed with subject, verb, complement, and modifier. Subject
is the agent of a sentence. Verb expresses an action, event or state of the subject. A complement
completes the verb. It generally follows the verb when the sentence is in the active voice. Every
sentence does not require a complement. A complement answers the question what and whom.
Modifier tells the time, place, or manner of the action. For example
The subject is the agent of the sentence in the active voice. Subject normally precedes the
verb. Every English sentence must have a subject, however there are pseudo subjects in the
command.
Subject may be a single noun or noun phrase. Noun phrase is a group of words that ends
with a noun. It can contain determiners (the, this, some, those etc), pronouns, adjectives and
adverbs. It cannot begin with a preposition. Subject and complements are generally noun phrase.
mountain is beautiful
It is raining outside.
B. Plural
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A countable noun is one that can be counted. We can make it plural by adding 's' or 'es' at
the end of the noun word such as; book-books, bag-bags, glass-glasses. However, there are some
irregular nouns that cannot be made plural by adding 's' or 'es' such as; person-people, child-
children, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, mouse-mice, man-men, goose-geese etc.
An uncountable noun is one that cannot be counted. We cannot make them plural with
adding 's' or 'es' at the end of the word such as; information, money, news, furniture, aircraft,
soap etc. we use some plural words before the uncountable noun to give them plural sense such
as; some, any, much, a lot of, a large amount of, a little, less then, more then etc.
'A' or 'An' can precede only singular countable noun. 'A' is used before nouns that begin
with a consonant sound such as;
I saw a bird
An: An is used before a noun that begins with a vowel sound. The initial sound of the word that
immediately follows the indefinite article will determine whether it should be 'a' or 'an' such as;
A thermometer
An atlas
A Star
A whole hour
The: (1) The is used to indicate something that we already know about or something that is
common knowledge that is;
(2) Normally plural countable noun, when they mean everything within a certain class are
not preceded by 'the' such as;
(3) Normally uncountable noun is not preceded by 'the' though it is possible when we
speak in a specific term such as;
Sugar is sweet
Normally, a proper noun is not preceded by an article unless there are several people or things
with the same name and the speaker is specifying one of them
home and college do not take any article unless to restrict the meaning.
C. Verb
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Every sentence must have a verb. The verb follows the subject. The verb may be a single
doing words or a verb phrase. A verb phrase consists of one or more auxiliaries and one main
verb. The auxiliaries always precede the main verb.
There are two types of verb in English language in respect of their construction:
1. Regular verb
A regular verb forms its past tense and past participle by adding d/ed/t, for example -
2. Irregular verb
This verb is not formed in a regular way. It forms its past and past participle tense by
changing a vowel not by adding regular d/ed/t at the end. These verbs are derived from foreign
language. We have nothing but to memorize them because they do not follow a specific rule. For
example
go went gone
D. Complement
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Generally a complement follows the verb when the sentence is in the active voice. It is
usually a noun or noun phrase.
E. Modifier
The modifier normally follows the complement. It tells the time, place or manner of the
action. Very often, it is a prepositional phrase. A prepositional phrase is a group of words that
begins with a preposition and ends with a noun. A modifier of time usually comes last if more
than one modifier is present. A modifier can also be an adverb or an adverbial phrase.
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PART II
THE TEN SENTENCE PATTERNS
Information :
The verb of being is followed by an adjective that functions as the subjective complement.
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The verb of being is followed by a noun that functions as the subjective complement.
Note: The second NP receives the same numerical designation as the first NP because the
second NP, the subjective complement, is the same as the subject (Mr. James = teacher).
4. NP1 + LV + ADJ
5. NP1 + LV + NP1
Note: The second NP receives the same numerical designation as the first NP because the
second NP, the subjective complement, is the same as the subject (Joan = Buddhist).
6. NP1 + V-int
Even if the action verb is followed by a prepositional phrase, the verb is still intransitive as
long as it does not take a direct object.
Note: The second NP, the direct object, receives a different numerical designation (NP2)
because it is not the same as the subject (NP1).
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The action verb is followed by an indirect object and then a direct object.
Note: The indirect object and the direct object each receive a new numerical designation
because each is different from the other and both are different from the subject.
The action verb is followed by a direct object. The direct object is followed by an adjective
functioning as an objective complement.
Note: The second NP, the direct object, receives a different numerical designation (NP2)
because it is not the same as the subject (NP1).
The action verb is followed by a direct object. The direct object is followed by a noun
functioning as an objective complement.
Note: The second NP, the direct object, receives a different numerical designation (NP2)
because it is not the same as the subject (NP1). The third NP, the objective complement, receives
the same numerical designation as the direct object (NP2) because it is the same as the direct
object (Jacobsen = friend).
Bibliography
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http://grammar24.blogspot.com/2011/08/normal-sentence-pattern-in-
english.html#sthash.x2AMtGfn.dpuf
http://masterbari.blogspot.com/2012/10/normal-sentence-pattern-in-english.html
http://bangminhkiem.forumotion.com/t149-topic
http://www.onlinemathlearning.com/sentence-patterns.html
http://www.towson.edu/ows/sentpatt.htm
http://grammar24.blogspot.com/2011/08/normal-sentence-pattern-in-english.html
http://www.wordsmile.com/sentence-patterns-pola-kalimat-bahasa-inggris
https://hidayatullahahmad.wordpress.com/2013/03/18/normal-sentence-pattern-in-english/
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