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2014 general account portfolio performance
2014 Investment Report
Investment Management Let me cover those points now with a view of the full year just passed.
Team 17
We may remember 2014 for the strong year-end finish of U.S equities, which after
Reporting Considerations 18 plenty of volatility did end generally in double-digit increases. But the full picture was
decidedly mixed, with weakness in overseas markets and 10-year Treasurys seemingly
mired at about 2 percent.
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2014 Investment Report
As in recent years, however, our strong positive cash flow from So for our part, we are staying the course weve set over the past
premiums and investment income (more than $1 billion per few years. Our bond portfolio average duration remains at target
month) gave us great flexibility to help tailor the portfolio to (between five and six years), giving us flexibility to respond to
the times. Our investment team produced strong results: interest rate changes. We expect a modest uptick in risk assets in
the portfolio, perhaps 1 percent of managed assets, reflecting a
Invested assets grew 6 percent to $196.9 billion. rebalance of risk assets after this years successful $2.7 billion sale
of our subsidiary Frank Russell Company.
Net investment income grew 5 percent to $9.1 billion.
As always, we will keep an eye on the long-term goal I heard
Net capital gains (realized and unrealized) before taxes and so many of you endorse when we met: Generate consistent
deferrals were $1.7 billion. returns while always maintaining the financial strength that
sets us apart.
Bond portfolio quality remained high, with 89 percent of
assets rated investment grade. Thanks for the trust you place in me and my investment team.
I look forward to meeting many more of you in 2015.
Investment write-downs were only $141 million, or
0.1 percent of managed assets. Sincerely,
And how did things look in the economy during 2014? There
were numerous things to like, primarily an increasingly healthy
picture right here at home. However, Id still be careful about
fully buying into the recovery.
Ronald P. Joelson
U.S. employment numbers indeed improved toward the end Chief Investment Officer
of 2014 and continue to look positive so far this year. Consumers
are spending more, probably reflecting their employment
confidence, some very modest wage growth and perhaps a few
extra dollars in their wallets as gas prices fall.
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2014 Investment Report
Investment Objective
Northwestern Mutuals investment objective is to generate superior returns while
maintaining a well-balanced and diversified investment portfolio to preserve the
companys exceptional financial strength. This time-tested strategy fundamentally
supports Northwestern Mutuals ability to help deliver lifelong financial security to its
policyowners and clients.
Consistent with this policy, the company invests a significant Northwestern Mutuals greater allocation to real estate, private
portion of managed assets in high-quality fixed income and public equities and high-yield bonds investments
instruments and the remainder in high-yield bonds and equity with a higher risk level and corresponding higher return
investments. Allocations among these asset classes will change potential relative to fellow insurers is a distinguishing
as the portfolio is adjusted in response to market conditions component of the companys investment portfolio (source:
and opportunities as well as investment risk management SNL Financial, 2014). Over the long term, the added
considerations more fully described on the following page. diversification of these asset classes makes an important
contribution to the overall performance of the portfolio.
Fixed income investments represent the core of Northwestern
Mutuals investment portfolio, providing a stable foundation Ultimately, the combination of asset diversification, active
while generating current income. Northwestern Mutuals portfolio management and a long-term perspective supports
portfolio of fixed income investments is largely highly rated and outstanding product value and enhances the companys
is well diversified within and among fixed income sectors to financial strength. Northwestern Mutuals prudent investment
minimize risk. strategy and unique business model have contributed to nearly
160 years of strength and stability.
Northwestern Mutuals equity investments include private
equities, real estate and public common stock. Typically, such
diversification across different types of equities enables the
company to offset weakness in any one area with attractive
performance in another. Furthermore, similar to fixed income,
equity investments are highly diversified by issue and across
countries, industries and other parameters.
The vast majority of the companys managed assets back most of its life, disability income and portfolio income annuity liabilities. The investment strategies described in this
booklet apply to the investment of those assets. A portion of managed assets back the remaining liabilities (primarily fixed deferred annuities, income plans and long-term care
insurance), which have different investment exposures than described in the pages that follow. When purchasing the companys life insurance and annuity products, clients are
not investing in the companys general account portfolio but purchasing products backed by the financial strength of Northwestern Mutual. Long-term care insurance is issued by
Northwestern Long Term Care Insurance Company, Milwaukee, WI, a subsidiary of Northwestern Mutual.
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2014 Investment Report
This approach begins with a formally stated investment policy, As part of a system of checks and balances, an Investment Risk
approved by the companys Board of Trustees. The asset allocation Management Committee provides independent oversight and
guidelines described in the prior section are just one aspect of this reports to the companys Corporate Investment Committee.
policy. In addition, guidelines consistent with the companys risk The Investment Risk Management Committee oversees the
tolerance have been established to manage exposure to single investment policy and monitors, evaluates and reports on
issuers, security types, below-investment-grade holdings, foreign current and emerging risks.
investments and foreign currency. The policy also addresses
minimum liquidity levels and duration guidelines that reflect the Compliance with the investment policy is maintained via
long-term nature of the companys liabilities. weekly analysis of portfolio holdings conducted by internal staff
independent of the investment managers. This analysis assures
Consistent with the companys investment policy, investments remain within defined tolerances and is shared
Northwestern Mutual may enter into transactions that are monthly with the Finance Committee. On a quarterly basis,
designed to manage the companys exposure to fluctuations the Finance Committee receives a portfolio risk management
in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and market overview that reports information such as alignment of
volatility. These strategies include the use of forwards, investments with tolerances defined in the policy, bond portfolio
futures, options and swaps. In implementing these strategies, quality and duration, liquidity levels, how investments are affecting
the company closely manages and monitors counterparty the companys capital levels, and exposure to emerging risks.
risk, utilizing minimum ratings requirements, maximum
exposure limits and collateral agreements, which require the Details of holdings within the portfolio are reported at year-end on
counterparty to post collateral should the market value of a the companys corporate website, www.northwesternmutual.com.
contract exceed established thresholds.
The policy guidelines are based primarily on analysis of the Allocation of Managed Assets
possible impact of different economic environments on (Percentage of 2014 Year-End Total Managed Assets)
investment performance and the resulting effect on the
companys financial strength. Several measures are used to
gauge financial strength, including surplus level, risk-based
capital, current income requirements and liquidity.
84% Fixed Income Investments
The companys investment policy promotes accountability for Excluding High-yield Bonds
investment decision making by delegating authority within the 8% High-yield Bonds
prescribed objectives to specific senior investment managers. 3% Private Equities
3% Real Estate Equities
These senior managers are members of the Corporate 2% Public Common Stock
Investment Committee that reviews investment strategies to
assure they fit within the companys policy. This committee
works under the authority of the companys chief investment
officer, who reports to the chief executive officer of Northwestern
Mutual. The Finance Committee of the Northwestern Mutual
Board of Trustees oversees the investment policy.
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2014 Investment Report
Throughout the last decade, total invested assets and net Net Net
Investment Capital
investment income have shown consistent growth, increasing at Income Gains
compound annual rates of 6 percent and 4 percent, respectively.
2014 $ 9,10 4 $ 1,674
Over the same period, capital gains have also contributed to
2013 $ 8,693 $ 1,255
investment earnings. All of this produces significant contributions
2012 $ 8,625 $ 1,457
to Northwestern Mutuals dividend-paying capacity and to the
companys financial strength in the form of additions to total surplus. 2011 $ 8,439 $ 476
2010 $ 8,306 $ 1,871
2009 $ 7,772 $ 797
About 92 percent of total managed assets were allocated to fixed Net capital gains are realized and unrealized, before taxes and deferrals of interest-related gains or losses. Not all
products benefit directly in the form of dividends from capital gains or other earnings from equities and real estate.
income at year-end 2014.
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2014 Investment Report
The commercial mortgage loan portfolio of $27.7 billion was well collateralized
with an aggregate ratio of loan balances to fair value of collateral of 55 percent at
year-end 2014. The portfolio had no loans that were delinquent or in foreclosure.
Portfolio yield
The Northwestern Mutual general account yield reflects the impact of investment
income and realized capital gains and losses for the period. It excludes income Northwestern Mutual General
from policy loans and is net of investment expenses. Account Yield
(As of December 31, 2014)
Northwestern Mutuals greater allocation to equities and high-yield bonds 6%
5.52% 5.60% 5.51% 5.02% 4.77%
investments with a higher risk level and corresponding higher return potential
relative to fellow insurers is a distinguishing component of the companys investment 5
portfolio (source: SNL Financial, 2014). Over the long term, the added diversification
4
of these asset classes makes an important contribution to the overall performance of
the portfolio in the form of dividends and capital gains. 3
The general account yield is not the same as the various dividend scale
interest rates credited to participating insurance policies or annuity 1
2010 5.52%
2011 5.60%
2012 5.51%
2013 5.02%
2014 4.77%
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2014 Investment Report
total Assets
December 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
in millions in millions
Equity Investments
Real Estate 6,077 6,036
Public Common Stock 3,788 2,278
Private Equities* 5,172 6,096
Total Equity Investments 15,037 14,410
* As presented in this report, private equities include direct investment in certain subsidiaries and affiliates.
** Includes investment income due and accrued of $1,902 million in 2014 and $1,840 million in 2013.
Note: Please read table above in conjunction with Reporting Considerations on page 18 of this publication.
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2014 Investment Report
Corporate 49% 48% Corporate investments include bonds and other fixed income
instruments issued by public and private corporations in the U.S. and
abroad.
Residential 16% 16% Residential mortgage-backed securities include public fixed income
Mortgage-backed investments primarily issued by the U.S. government or government-
Securities sponsored entities and backed by pools of residential mortgages.
Commercial 16% 15% Commercial mortgage loans include private fixed income investments
Mortgage Loans backed by individual income-producing commercial properties.
U.S. Government 4% 4% U.S. government securities include fixed income investments issued or
guaranteed by the U.S. government or affiliated agencies.
Money Market 1% 1% Money market investments include generally short-term and highly
Investments liquid instruments, such as bankers acceptances, commercial paper,
repurchase agreements and government bills.
Total 92% 91% Total fixed income investments (including high-yield bonds)
represent a large portion of total managed assets.
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2014 Investment Report
Mortgage Investments
The companys total commitment to mortgage-related fixed income Commercial mortgage-backed securities are publicly traded
investments, including residential mortgage-backed securities and bonds secured by a diversified pool of commercial mortgage
commercial mortgage-backed securities as well as commercial loans originated by third parties. These investments typically
mortgage loans, represented 33 percent of total managed assets offer more liquidity than commercial mortgage loans. As
at year-end 2014, identical to 2013s level. While all of these of year-end, 93 percent of commercial mortgage-backed
investments are related to real estate, it is important to note that securities within the portfolio were rated investment grade, and
each has unique qualities and attributes. 72 percent held the highest-quality rating of AAA, compared to
91 percent and 67 percent respectively at year-end 2013.
Commercial mortgage loans are fixed income investments
originated in the private market directly with owners of These ratings are based on the lower of the credit ratings from
commercial real estate. The loans are secured primarily by Standard & Poors, Moodys Investors Service or Fitch Ratings
apartments, office buildings, shopping centers and industrial when available, or internal rating evaluations when third-party
warehouses throughout the nation. These transactions ratings are not available.
offer more control over both property quality and choice of
borrowers than publicly traded commercial mortgage-backed
securities do. This portfolio has historically produced attractive Mortgage Investment Type
yields and low delinquency and loss percentages. (Percentage of 2014 Year-End Total Managed Assets)
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2014 Investment Report
These securities were rated 89 percent investment grade (BBB or greater), 30% AAA
and 30 percent held the highest-quality rating of AAA. 5% AA
21% A
33% BBB
Credit quality is defined as the ability of the issuer to pay interest and
principal on a timely basis. These ratings are based on the lower of the Below Investment Grade
credit ratings from Standard & Poors, Moodys Investors Service or Fitch 5% BB
Ratings when available, or internal rating evaluations when third-party 4% B
ratings are not available. 2% CCC & Lower
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2014 Investment Report
Equity Investments
Northwestern Mutuals higher-than-average allocation to equity investments as
compared to our peers is a distinguishing element of the companys investment
portfolio. The equity portfolio is broadly diversified across private equities,
real estate and public common stock. At year-end 2014, this portfolio represented
8 percent of total managed assets.
Over the long term, the company expects equities to Real Estate Equities
contribute higher returns and provide incremental
diversification to the overall investment portfolio. The Commercial real estate equity investments at year-end 2014
companys allocation to equities has enhanced Northwestern totaled $6.1 billion, or 3 percent of total managed assets. The
Mutuals dividend-paying capacity and financial strength. real estate equity portfolio consists primarily of apartment,
warehouse and office properties held through both direct and
joint venture ownership. Through partnerships with developers
nationwide, Northwestern Mutual develops apartment
Private Equities communities and warehouse properties and also purchases
Private equity investments at year-end 2014 totaled properties directly. Asset managers, operating out of our real
$5.2 billion, or 3 percent of total managed assets. The private estate field offices, monitor local markets and actively manage
equity portfolio includes direct mezzanine debt and equity the investment properties, creating additional long-term value.
investments in buyouts of companies, limited partnership
interests and direct investments in selected other companies
and subsidiaries. Northwestern Mutuals private equity Public Common Stock
investments offer an additional potential source of attractive
returns, primarily in the form of capital gains. Additionally, At year-end 2014, the public common stock portfolio totaled
these assets have generally exhibited lower volatility than their $3.8 billion, or 2 percent of total managed assets. The public
public market counterparts and provide diversification benefits. equities portfolio includes investments in domestic and foreign
Northwestern Mutuals long-term investment horizon allows companies. Risk is well diversified by company size, industry
the company to hold significant investments in this asset class. and country.
Diversification of Equities
(Percentage of 2014 Year-End Total Managed Assets)
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2014 Investment Report
Investment Performance,
Financial Strength and Dividends
An essential ingredient that contributes to Northwestern Mutuals financial strength
and its capacity to pay dividends on participating insurance and annuity products is
investment earnings from the general account investment portfolio.
The way Northwestern Mutual invests billions in assets Keep in mind that insurance dividends involve more than
can produce income for the company in the form of just investment earnings. Favorable expense management
interest payments, equity dividends and capital gains. and claims experience also contribute to dividend-paying
These investment earnings: capacity. All of these factors come together to produce overall
financial results.
produce capital that helps build the companys strong
financial base; Those results allow Northwestern Mutual to pay an expected
$5.5 billion in total dividends to participating policyowners in
help fund the premium, benefit, cash value and annuity 2015. That reflects more than triple the life insurance dividends
income promises; and of the companys nearest competitor and more than 10 times
that of the nearest disability income insurance competitor
help fund dividends the company may pay. (Dividends are (source: Northwestern Mutual analysis of ordinary life insurance
not guaranteed. See page 18.) dividends and disability income based on historical SNL data).
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2014 Investment Report
Terrena
Northridge, California
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2014 Investment Report
ViaWest Bellettini
Bellevue, Washington
Capitol Hill
Washington, D.C.
Horizons Industrial
Riverside, Missouri
These are examples of some of the thousands of investments made by Northwestern Mutual each year. Not all investments made by Northwestern Mutual experience similar
results. Some investments may result in losses. In addition, past investment performance by Northwestern Mutual is not necessarily indicative of future investment results.
No investment or investment strategy can assure a profit or protect against a loss in a declining market. For more information about other Northwestern Mutual investments,
see www.northwesternmutual.com.
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2014 Investment Report
The ratings reflect the companys exceptional intrinsic strengths, including leading positions and strong franchise in its core
markets, including a significant focus on participating whole life, leading position overall in individual life insurance, excellent
distribution channel, strong underwriting skills as shown by excellent persistency and mortality experience and robust and resilient
balance sheet.
The ratings reflect Northwestern Mutuals sizable and mature participating ordinary life insurance business, overall positive operating
performance and strong risk-adjusted capitalization. The ratings also recognize the loyalty and productivity of the companys exclusive
distribution system, as well as the competitive advantages derived from historically favorable investments, expenses, persistency and
mortality experiences in its core business lines.
Fitchs ratings reflect Northwesterns leading competitive position in the U.S. individual life insurance market, extremely strong
balance sheet fundamentals and stable earnings profile. Fitch considers Northwesterns key competitive advantages to include its
successful distribution system, large and stable block of traditional life insurance and expense advantage relative to peers.
Northwestern Mutual has an extremely strong competitive position, which reflects a strong and respected brand, a competitive
product portfolio and leading operating fundamentals relative to peers.
Ratings are subject to change. Third-party ratings are a measure of the companys relative financial strength and security but are not a reflection of the performance or stability of
funds invested in a companys separate accounts.
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2014 Investment Report
Ronald P. Joelson Leslie Barbi R. David Ells Gary M. Hewitt Jeffrey J. Lueken Thomas D. Zale
Executive Vice Senior Vice President Vice President Vice President Senior Vice President Vice President
President & Chief Public Investments Investment Strategy Investment Risk Private Securities Real Estate
Investment Officer Management
Overall asset allocation, investment strategy and portfolio management are executed by teams of investment professionals within Northwestern
Mutual Investment Management Company, LLC (NMIMC), a wholly owned subsidiary of The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company.
public investments
The public investments department of NMIMC manages the public fixed income and public equities investments in Northwestern Mutuals
investment portfolio.
Leslie Barbi Michael P. Johnson David R. Keuler Steven J. Lyons Christopher P. Swain Steven P. Swanson
Senior Vice President Managing Director Managing Director Managing Director Vice President Managing Director
Public Investments (Public Equities) (Public Equities) (Public Fixed Income) (Public Fixed Income) (Public Fixed Income)
John C. Kendall Mary R. Linehan Ramona L. Rogers- Jason S. Steigman Brian K. Yeazel
Director Managing Director Windsor Managing Director Managing Director
(Structured Products) (Public Equities) Managing Director (Derivatives (Public Fixed Income)
(Public Fixed Income) Management)
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2014 Investment Report
Reporting Considerations
Northwestern Mutual publishes its Investment Report annually to provide
information on the asset mix of its portfolio and the investment results generated
during the previous calendar year.
Certain types of investments have been grouped differently In regard to Northwestern Mutuals dividend payout and
for this report than in Northwestern Mutuals Consolidated dividend scale interest rate, comments in this document
Financial Statements (CFS). The most significant of these pertain generally to life insurance policy dividends. Decisions
differences as of December 31, 2014, are: with respect to the determination and allocation of divisible
surplus are left to the discretion and sound business judgment
Other investments of $12.8 billion reported in the CFS include of the companys Board of Trustees. There is no guaranteed
certain interests in subsidiaries and affiliates, joint ventures specific method or formula for the determination and allocation
and partnerships. This report classifies these investments of divisible surplus. Accordingly, the companys approach is
based on the character of the underlying assets, such as subject to change. Neither the existence nor the amount of a
public bonds, private equities, real estate and public common dividend is guaranteed on any policy in any given policy year.
stock. Some policies may not receive any dividends in a particular
year or years even while other policies receive dividends. In
Mortgage loans of $29.3 billion reported in the CFS include its 2015 dividend scale resolution, the Board of Trustees has
$1.9 billion of loans made to real estate joint ventures in which exercised its discretion to guarantee a minimum amount of
the company is an equity investor. This report classifies these dividends to be paid in 2015 to the policyholders as a group.
assets as real estate equity investments. If this guaranteed amount exceeds the aggregate amount of
dividends actually paid to individual policyholders in 2015, that
Due and accrued investment income of $1.9 billion is reported excess will be paid out in 2016 pursuant to the 2015 dividend
separately in the CFS. This report includes these amounts in scale resolution. The presence of a guaranteed minimum
their respective asset classes. amount in the 2015 dividend scale resolution does not obligate
Northwestern Mutual to declare a dividend in future years or
The notes to the CFS provide further details as to the to guarantee any portion of dividends that may be declared in
accounting and valuation methods applied to the reported future years.
investment values. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP is the
companys independent auditor.
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2014 Investment Report
19
$5.5 billion
dividend payout
Northwestern Mutual is the marketing name for The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, Milwaukee, WI
(NM) (life and disability insurance, annuities) and its subsidiaries.
19-1205 (0415)