Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow

Reading Question 5.1:

The assumptions inherent in Equation 5.3 are:

a) Mass is conserved (i.e., not created or destroyed)

b) The process is at steady state.

Situations where the above assumptions do not hold:

a) In a process which includes nuclear reactions which convert small amounts of mass to
energy

b) A transient (non-steady state) process where the accumulation term is significant

Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow

Reading Question 5.2:

A material balance on a particular chemical species must contain generation and

consumption terms since that species can be created (generated) or destroyed (consumed). In
contrast, a total mass balance does not require consumption or generation terms since mass is
conserved (not created or destroyed). A total mole balance is not typically used since the
total number of moles is not conserved.
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow

Reading Question 5.3:

Equation (e) of Example 5.7 is an application of the following relationship found in the
Guidelines for Solving Material Balance Problems Involving Multiple Species:

In this case, butene is being consumed. The information in the problem statement that 84%
of the butene is converted to ethylene was used to provide the fractional conversion (X) of
0.84 for the butene. The mass flow rate and molecular weight of butene were also used in the
equation.
rconsumption, butene is the number of moles of butene per time that are converted to ethylene in the
process.
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow

Reading Question 5.4:

a. No, it is not correct to write a total mole balance for this process. The total number of
moles does not remain constant since four moles of reactants produce two moles of
products.

b. The maximum number of material balances equations is equal to the number of species
present. In this case, a maximum of three balances can be written.

c. No, your colleague is wrong. As mentioned in part (b), a maximum of three material
balances can be written. The four equations would not be independent. However, one
can use two species balances and a total balance (for a total of three balance equations).
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow

Reading Question 5.5:

One key use of material balances would be to determine the amount of reactants needed to
treat the waste stream. Material balances might also be used to determine the concentration
of waste in the stream(s) leaving the process.
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow

Homework Problem 5.1:

The diagram for this problem is

Steam
Vsteam = ?
Feed water boiler ! steam = 3.7 kg/m3
V feed = 28 m 3 min
Residual hot water
! feed = 1000 kg/m3
Vresid = 6.5 m3 min
! resid = 960 kg/m3
From the principle that mass is conserved,

m = m
inlet outlet
streams streams

which, for our problem is m feed = m steam + m resid

Since all the values are given as volumetric flow rates and densities, the most convenient
equivalent form of mass flow rate to use for all terms is
m = V
so feedVfeed = steam Vsteam + resid Vresid
Solving for the flow rate of steam and inserting known values,
feedVfeed resid Vresid
Vsteam =
steam
(1000 kg m3 )(28m3 min) (960kg m3 )(6.5 m3 min)
=
3.7 kg m3
= 5880 m3/min 5900 m3/min
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow

Homework Problem 5.2:

The diagram for this problem is

Benzene
nBenzene = 1140 kgmol hr

Toluene solvent Solvent

nToluene = 213kgmol hr mixer m Solvent = 115,000 kg hr

Phenol
m Phenol = ?
Again, we begin with m = m
inlet outlet
streams streams

or m Benzene + m Toluene + m Phenol = m Solvent

But since the flows of Benzene and Toluene are given as molar flow rates, we need to
express the mass flow rates of those species using the relationship
m = n (MW)
where we can determine the following Molecular Weights:
MWBenzene: 6(12.01)+6(1.01)=78.1 kg/kgmol
MWToluene: 7(12.01)+8(1.01)=92.1 kg/kgmol

So nBenzene (MWBenzene ) + nToluene (MWToluene ) + m Phenol = m Solvent

Solving for the mass flow rate of Phenol

m Phenol = m Solvent nBenzene (MWBenzene ) nToluene (MWToluene )
= 115,000 kg/hr - (1140 kgmol/hr)(78.1 kg/kgmol) - (213 kgmol/hr)(92.1 kg/kgmol)
= 6349 kg/hr 6350 kg/hr
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow

Homework Problem 5.3:

The diagram for this problem is
sugar
nsugar = 1.75 lbmol hr
butter
m butter = 60lbm hr
corn syrup
Vcorn syrup = 3.5gal hr mixer-boiler fudge
vanilla extract m fudge = 830lbm hr

cocoa
m cocoa = 17lbm hr
milk
Vmilk = ?

Also Given:
lbm 1 ft3
corn syrup = milk = 62.4 = 8.34lbm gal
ft 3 7.48 gal
Once again, the important relationship is

m in = m out
which, for this problem, is
m sugar + m butter + m corn syrup + m van.extract + m cocoa + m milk = m fudge
Writing each term in more convenient terms because of the information given,
MW sugar n sugar + m butter + corn syrupVcorn syrup + m van.extract + m cocoa + milkVmilk = m fudge
Also, we are given
m van.extract = 30 msugar = 30
1 1
MWsugar n sugar

and we also can determine that

MWsugar = 12(12.01) + 22(1.01) + 11(16.00) = 342.3

Solving the balance for the volumetric flow rate of milk,

m fudge MW sugar n sugar m butter corn syrupVcorn syrup 301 MW sugar n sugar m cocoa
Vmilk =

milk
lbm 31 lb lbmol lb lb gal lb
830 30 342.3 m 1.75 60 m 8.34 m 3.5 17 m
hr lbmol hr hr gal hr hr
=
8.34 lbm gal
= 12.5 gal/hr
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow

Homework Problem 5.4:

The diagram for this problem is

product 1
Vprod 1 ! 157 m3 hr
feed 1 l prod 1 ! 721 kg/m3
m feed 1 ! 260,000 kg hr distillation product 2
feed 2
column Vprod 2 ! 235 m3 hr
Vfeed 2 ! 283 m3 hr
l feed 2 ! 935 kg/m3 product 3
m prod 3 ! 208,000 kg hr
The balance on total mass is
m Feed1 + m Feed 2 = m Prod1 + m Prod2 + m Prod 3

In terms of given quantities

m Feed1 + Feed 2 VFeed 2 = Prod1VProd1 + Prod 2 VProd 2 + m Prod 3

Solving for the density of product 2,

m Feed1 + Feed 2 VFeed 2 Prod1VProd1 m Prod3
Prod 2 =
VProd 2

kg kg m3 kg m3 kg
260,000 + 935 3 283 721 3 157 208,000
hr m hr m hr hr
=
m3
235
hr
= 866 kg/m3
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow

Homework Problem 5.5:

3
Gas In: Vgas ,in ! 340 ft /min 3
Gas Out: Vgas ,out ! 270 ft /min
lgas,in ! .087lbm /ft 3 lgas,out ! .087lbm /ft 3
Absorber
Liquid In: m liq ,in ! ? Liquid Out: m liq ,out ! 77lbm /min

The total material balance is:

m gas,in + m liq,in = m gas,out + m liq,out

Because the information for the gas streams is given in terms of densities and volumetric flow
rates, the balance is more conveniently written:

gas,inVgas,in + m liq,in = gas,outVgas,out + m liq,out

Solving for the liquid mass flow rate in:

m liq,in = gas,outVgas,out + m liq,out gas,inVgas,in

( )
= gas Vgas,out Vgas,in + m liq,out

lbm ft 3 ft 3 lbm
= .087 270 340 + 77
ft 3 min min min

lbm lb lb lb
= 6.1 + 77 m = 70.9 m 71 m
min min min min
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow

Homework Problem 5.6:

The diagram for this problem is

Air into canyon
V ai = ?
cpollutant,ai = 0 gmol/ft3 canyon Air out of canyon
Vao = ?
Exhaust gas cpollutant,ao = ?
V ex = 15 ft3/min
cpollutant,ex = .06 gmol/ft3

It will be most convenient to write a mole balance on the pollutant, which is

n pollutant,ex = n pollutant, air out + rconsumption,pollutant
which can be written more conveniently as
c pollutant, ex Vex = c pollutant,ao Vao + rconsumption, pollutant (1)
Furthermore, the given conversion information can be written
rconsumption, pollutant = .20 n pollutant,ex
which can be more conveniently written
rconsumption, pollutant = .20 c pollutant, exVex (2)
Combining Equations 1 and 2 gives
c pollutant, ex Vex = c pollutant,ao Vao + .20 c pollutant,ex Vex
or
.80 c pollutant,ex Vex = c pollutant, aoVao (3)
Finally, a balance on total mass gives
m ex + m air in = m air out
which is more conveniently written
exVex + ai Vai = ao Vao
but, since the densities are all equal, this becomes
Vex + Vai = Vao (4)

a. For an inlet wind flow rate ( Vai ) of 800 ft3/min,

Equation 4 gives Vao = 800 ft 3 min + 15 ft3 min = 815 ft 3 min

From Equation 3,

c pollutant, ao =
( 3
)(3
.80 c pollutant,ex Vex .80 .06 gmol ft 15 ft min
=
) gmol
= 8.83x10 4 3

Vao 3
815 ft min ft
b. For an outlet pollutant concentration (cpollutant,ao) equal to .0025 gmol/ft3,
Equation 3 gives
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow

Homework Problem 5.6 (continued):

Vao =
.80 c pollutant,ex Vex
=
( )(
.80 .06 gmol ft 3 15 ft 3 min ) = 288 ft 3
c pollutant, ao .0025gmol ft 3 min
From Equation 4,
Vai = Vao Vex = 288 ft 3 min 15 ft 3 min = 273 ft3 min
So any incoming wind flow rate less than 273 ft3/min will produce an outgoing pollutant
concentration greater than .0025 gmol/ft3.
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow

Homework Problem 5.7:

The diagram for this problem is

Air in Air out

V ai = ? Vao = ?
cO2,ai = .00934 gmol/L lungs cO2,ai = .00705 gmol/L

Blood in Blood out

V bi = 5.0 L min V bo = 5.0 L min
cO2,bi = .00670 gmol/L cO2,bo = .00893 gmol/L

Balance on oxygen: m O2 ,ai + m O2 ,bi = m O2 ,ao + m O2 ,bo

Or cO 2 ,ai Vai + c O2 ,bi Vbi = cO 2 ,ao Vao + cO 2 ,bo Vbo

In this case, the inlet air flow rate equals the outlet air flow rate, so well assign one symbol:
Vai = Vao = Va

Similarly, the inlet blood flow rate equals the outlet blood flow rate, so:
Vbi = Vbo = Vb

The oxygen balance now becomes

cO 2 ,ai Va + cO 2 ,bi Vb = cO2 ,ao Va + cO 2 ,bo Vb

Solving for the air flow rate,

cO ,bo c O2 ,bi
Va = 2 V
cO2 ,ai cO2 ,ao b

gmol gmol
.00893 .00670 L
= L L 5.0
.00934
gmol
.00705
gmol min
L L

= 4.87 L/min
Chapter 5 Answer Key, Introduction to Chemical Engineering: Tools for Today and Tomorrow

Homework Problem 5.8:

a. m dye,in = x dye,out m out

m dye,in 20 g /min
m out = = = 5128 g /min
x dye,out 0.0039

b. The mass flow rate of dye in the outlet blood is the same as the input rate, or 20 g/min.
Hence, the mass flow rate of the blood without the dye is 5128 20 = 5108 g/min

c. m = V

m 5108 g / min
V = = = 4819 cm 3 / min
1.06 g / cm 3