Annotated Bibliography

Natalie Kramer

Primary Sources

1. La Crosse Tribune. "Jesse Owens Gives Talk at State College." La Crosse Tribune and
Leader-Press [La Crosse], 4 May
1955, p. 17.
We used this source in our project to discover that Jesse Owens had been to La Crosse. The information
that we used was Jesse Owens quotes. It is a primary source because in the article it had Jesse Owen
quotes.
2. Quotes. Quotes | Jesse Owens, www.jesseowens.com/quotes/. Accessed 18 Feb. 2017.
We used this source in our project so that we incorporate quotes into our website. This source was useful
because it gave quotes by Jesse Owens. This is a primary source because it gave quotes by Jesse Owens.
3. Bloor, Steven. 50 Stunning Olympic Moments: Jesse Owens 4 Golds in Berlin in
Pictures.The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 21 Dec. 2011,
www.theguardian.com/sport/gallery/2011/dec/21/athletics. Accessed 18 Feb. 2017.\
We used this source so we could look/use the photos on our own website. On the source, next to the
pictures there was captions that gave us information about the photo. So that helped us understand what
was going on during the time of that picture. This is a primary source because it has pictures of Jesse
Owens during the Olympics.
4. Edwards, Ralph, director. This Is Your Life, 1960, www.awesomestories.com
We used this source to learn more about his family and friends. Also on the video they talked about Jesse
Owens life before the Olympics, so that gave us more information on his early years, This is a primary
source because the show has Jesse Owens on it and it aired when Jesse Owens was still alive.
5. 1936 Jesse Owens at the Berlin Olympics... 1936 Jesse Owens at the Berlin
Olympics... - RareNewspapers.com, The New York Times, www.rarenewspapers.com. Accessed
19 Feb. 2017.
We used this source so that we could get different perspectives of other newspapers on Jesse Owens at
that time. Some information given on the newspaper article was how Jesse Owens did and how some of
his teammates This is a primary source because this newspaper came out after the Olympics,
6. Schaap, Jeremy. Prologue. Triumph: the Untold Story of Jesse Owens and Hitler's
Olympics, Mariner Books, Boston, 2008.
We used this source to find out more about Jesse Owens after the Olympics. Some information that we
learned was that at 42, Jesse Owens had weighed only 25 pounds heavier compared when he was in the
Olympics.This source is a primary because it gives us key quotes from Jesse Owens.
7. Bell, Danna. An Olympian Effort: The Story of Jesse Owens in Library of Congress
Primary Sources. An Olympian Effort: The Story of Jesse Owens in Library of Congress
Primary Sources | Teaching with the Library of Congress, 27 July 2012, blogs.loc.gov. Accessed
19 Feb. 2017.
 8. Gould, Alan. Jesse Owens Wins 200m Dash To Hang Up Third Victory. LaCrosse
Tribune, 5 Aug. 1936, p. 10.
We used first used this source so we gained knowledge of Jesse Owens and how he did in the Olympics.
Some information on the newspaper tells us about how Jesse Owens did during the Olympics and his
stats. This is a primary source because the newspaper was released in the same year Jesse Owens went to
the Olympics, and even has a picture of Owen's at the Olympics.
9. "Rolbiecki Defeats Erickson One up on Eighteenth." La Crosse Tribune and Leader-
Press [La Crosse], 3 Aug. 1936, Sorts
Roundup sec., p. 7.
This source was used for the tab Olympics on our website because it gave us the information on how
Jesse Owens did at the Berlin Olympic Games. Also there was other information like, how he had set
world records. This is a primary source because this newspaper was released in 1936 and it has Jesse
Owens quotes in the articles.
10. Talbot, Gayle. Ohio Schools To Be Given 3 Olympic Oaks--If Owens Wins. LaCrosse
Tribune and Leader-Press, 4 Aug. 1936, p. 7.
We used this source to gain more knowledge of how Owens did in the Olympics. Some information given
was how people felt confident about Owens in the Olympics. This is a primary source because it was
released when Jesse Owens was in the Olympics.

Secondary Sources
1. Chamberlain, Gaius. "Jesse Owens." Great Black Heroes, 16 Jan. 2015,
www.greatblackheroes
We used this source to gain more knowledge of Jesse Owens, because at first we did not know a lot about
him. Some information on the website is about Jesse Owens growing up, what he did in college/how he
got to the Olympics, and about his family. This source is a secondary source because the creators of the
website were not there witnessing Jesse Owens themselves,
2. Schwartz, Larry. "Owens Pierced a Myth." ESPEN.com, espn.go.com.
This source told us more about Jesse Owens in the Olympics and how his relationship was with Hitler.
Also there was more information about Jesse Owens and his time in the Olympics. This source is a
secondary source because it gave us key information for our topic.
3. Moreland, Malia. "Washington State University." Spring 2015 Racism in Sports 1936
Summer Olympics Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2017
This source helped us understand that there was racism during the 1936 Olympic Games. On the website,
there was a lot of information about the Nazi regime. This is a secondary source because this site did not
have any quotes on it from Jesse Owens.
4. Morrison, Mike. "Track Star Jesse Owens Defiantly Bucks Hitler." Infoplease.
Infoplease, n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2017.
We used this source to learn more about Jesse Owens and Hitlers relationship, which had a lot of
tension. Some information given was more about how Jesse Owens felt about Hitler; he did not care for
Hitler and his politics. This source is a secondary source because although it gives us information about
Jesse Owens and Hitler, it was not made during the time that both of these people were alive.
5. Jesse Owens and the Nazi Olympics. German-Way.com, www.german-way.com.
Accessed 19 Feb. 2017.
We used this source to gain more knowledge of Jesse Owens in the Olympics and after the Olympics as
well. The information on the website explained to us what Jesse Owens seven days were like in the
Olympics. This is a secondary source because the author of this website was not there to witness Jesse
Owens in the Olympics,
6. American National Biography Online: Owens, Jesse. American National Biography
Online: Owens, Jesse, Oxford University Press, www.anb.org. Accessed 19 Feb. 2017.
We used this source so we could find out more about Jesse Owens and his time during the Olympics.
Some information that I learned that Hitler supposedly refused to shake hands with Jesse Owens. This is a
secondary source because there was no given quotes from either Jesse Owens nor, Adolf Hitler.
7. Shaw, David. Jesse Owens: The Buckeye Bullet. Jesse Owens: The Buckeye Bullet,
thebuckeyebullet.weebly.com/. Accessed 19 Feb. 2017.
We used this source to find quotes to put into our website. Also some information that we used in our site
was from his early years. This is a secondary source because the creator of this website was not their to
witness Jesse Owens life, and how he lived.
8. Klein, Christopher. 10 Things You May Not Know About Jesse Owens. History.com,
A&E Television Networks, 12 Sep. 2013, www.history.com. Accessed 19 Feb. 2017.
When we first started our project, we went to this source because at first we did not know much about
Jesse Owens. Some information that we took in/used in our project was that he was nicknamed the
Buckeye Bullet. This is a secondary source because it gave us facts about Jesse Owens not quotes.
9. Jesse Owens Wins Long Jumpand Respectin Germany. History.com, A&E Television
Networks, www.history.com accessed 19 Feb. 2017.
We used this source to learn more about how people did not respect Jesse Owens because of his color of
skin. Some information that we learned about on this source was that some Nazi Officials went out of
their way just to call Jesse Owens and some of his other colored teammates non-humans. This is a
secondary source because it unfortunately did not give us any quotes but it gave us good information
about how Jesse Owens gained respect through a tough time in the world's history.
10. Dillon, Raquel Maria. Jesse Owens' Olympic Gold Medal up for Auction. TheGrio, 2
Dec. 2013, thegrio.com/2013/12/02/jesse-owens-olympic-gold-medal-up-for-auction/. Accessed
19 Feb. 2017.
We used this source to learn about how segregation was being played in Germany as well. Some
information that we took away was that Adolf Hitler thought that Germans were the superior ethnic group
at the Olympics, and nobody was going to beat them. This is a secondary source because although it does
give quotes, the quotes were not from Jesse Owens himself.
11. Clay, David. World History Connected | Vol. 5 No. 3 | Book Review. World History
Connected | Vol. 5 No. 3 | Book Review, worldhistoryconnected.press accessed 19 Feb. 2017.
We used this source to find out how the Berlin Olympics connected with the Nazis and also Jesse Owens.
Some information that we learned about was that the Berlin Games are best remembered for the Nazis
failed attempt to use the games as a propaganda tool. This is a secondary source because this website
was created after Jesse Owens death.
12. Saito, Mhari. Jesse Owens' Legacy, And Hitler's Oak Trees. NPR, NPR, 27 July 2011,
www.npr accessed 19 Feb. 2017.
We used this source so that we could find out more about the tension between Owens and Hitler. We
found out that with every gold medal an athlete received, they got oak saplings. This is a secondary
source because this website was created after Owens and Hitler's death and did not give any first hand
quotes from either men.
13. Jesse Owens. Jesse Owens, www.u-s-history.com accessed 19 Feb. 2017.
We used this source for our early years page on our website. Some of the information that we used was
how he had gotten his name Jesse because his real name is James. This is a secondary source because
there was no given quotes and the creator of this website was not alive at the time of Jesse Owens being
in the Olympics.
14. Litsky, Frank. Jesse Owens Dies of Cancer at 66; Hero of the 1936 Berlin Olympics.
The New York Times, The New York Times, www.nytimes.com accessed 19 Feb. 2017.
We used this source to figure out how Jesse Owens had died. The information that we gathered was that
he died at 66, from lung cancer, after 35 years of smoking. This is a secondary source because although it
was released a day after Owens had died, there was no given quotes.
15. Notable Sports Figures . Owens, Jesse. Notable Sports Figures, Encyclopedia.com,
www.encyclopedia.com accessed 19 Feb. 2017.
This source was very helpful because it gave us all of the information that we needed about Jesse Owens.
Some information that we used from this website was that he set five world records during his college
years. This is a secondary source because this website was created after Jesse Owens death and does not
give any quotes from Jesse Owens.

Faith Butzler

Primary Sources

1. "Glenn Morris Smashes World Decathlon Mark." La Crosse Tribune and Leader Press.
We used this source to learn about the other important runners at the time of Jesse Owens. The
information we got from this source was the career of Jesse Owens and the runners he went to the
olympics with. This is primary because the article was published when he was living.
2. "TOP 25 QUOTES BY JESSE OWENS (of 54)." A-Z Quotes. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb.
2017.
We used this source to add quotes said by Jesse Owens to our website. The information we got from this
source was he thoughts he said aloud. This is a primary source because these were actual words quoted
by Jesse Owens.
3. Bos, Carole. "Jesse Owens - Video Interview." awesomestories.com N.p., n.d. Web. 18
Feb. 2017.
We used this source to catch a glimpse of what Jesse was like. The information we got from this source
was the real stuff he said. This is a primary source because he was alive when the interview took place.
4. Iconic. "Jesse Owens Berlin Olympics Interview." YouTube. YouTube, 18 Aug. 2011.
Web. 18 Feb. 2017.
We used this source to add information to our website about specific things he said. The information we
got from this source was what he was going to do after the olympics. This is a primary source because he
was actually speaking in the interview.
5. "Rolbiecki Defeats Erickson One up on Eighteenth." La Crosse Tribune [La Crosse], 3 Aug. 1936,
Sports Roundup sec., p. 7.
We used this source to learn about the other runners at the time of Jesse Owens. The information we got
from this source was the other runners that were important around the olympics. This is primary because
this article was published when he was living.
6. "Cleveland Paper: Owens Leads 'Yankee Doodle Boys'." Newseum. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2017.
We used this source to learn about what the media had to say about Jesse Owens. The information we got
from this source was the events he did good in and what other people thought of his. This is a primary
source because the newspaper was published when he was alive.
7. "Jesse Owens Interview." YouTube. YouTube, 02 May 2016. Web. 18 Feb. 2017.
We used this source to learn what Jesse Owens was doing after the Olympics. The information we got
from this source was about him a few years after competing in the Olympics. This is a primary source
because this is an actual audio interview with Jesse Owens.
8. La Crosse Tribune. "Jesse Owens Gives Talk at State College." La Crosse Tribune [La Crosse], 4
May 1955, p. 17.
We used use this source to learn that Jesse had been to one of our local colleges. The information we got
from this source was that he had spoke at La Crosse. This is a primary source because this newspaper was
published when he was alive.
9. "Jesse Owens Wins 200m Dash to Hang up Third Victory." La Crosse Tribune [La Crosse], 5 Aug.
1936
We used this source to learn about his successes. The information we got from this source was the success
he had in his running events. This is a primary source because this newspaper was published when he was
alive.
10. Talbot, Gayle. "Ohio Schools to Be Given 3 Olympic Oaks--If Owens Wins." La Crosse Tribune
[Lacrosse], district ed., 4 Aug. 1936.
We used this source to learn about his college running career. The information we got from this source
was Jesse Owens stats and winnings. This is a primary source because this newspaper was published
when Jesse was alive.

Secondary Sources

1. Jesse Owens Running into History. New York City.

We used this source to learn about the impact Jesse had and his history. The information we got in this
source was things like when he was born, his track career and details about him. This is a secondary
source because this book was published after his death.
2. The World of Olympics. Chicago.
We used this source to learn about the overall Olympics. The information we got in this source was the
events Jesse Owens competed in and the mark he made there. This is a secondary source because it was
about him and there was no words that were quoted by him.
3. "Jesse Owens Olympic Legend." Jesse Owens.
We used this source to learn about Jesse Owens at the 1936 Olympics. The information we got in this
source was about him competed in the Olympics. This is a secondary source because there was no words
or information quoted by him.
4. "Jesse Owens Biography." Bio.
We used this source to learn the life to death history of Jesse Owens. The information we got in this
source was about the beginning to the end of Jesse Owens life. This is a secondary source because he was
not alive when this website was made.
5. "10 Things You May Not Know about Jesse Owens." History.
We used this source to add interesting facts to our website about Jesse Owens. The information we got in
this source was fun facts about Jesse Owens. This is a secondary source because this website was created
after his death.
6. "Not Forgotten." The New York Times.
We used this source to learn how important Jesse was and his impact. The information we got from this
source was the honors and awards he received and how he died. This is secondary because this was
published after his death.
7. "The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936." Holocaust Encyclopedia.
We used this source to learn about the 1936 Olympics. The information we got from this source was how
the Olympics was ran and the history behind it. This is a secondary source because this website was made
after his death.
8. "Jesse Owens." Olympic Games.
We used this source to learn everything Jesse accomplished in the Olympic Games. The information we
got from this source was about the accomplishments Jesse achieved. This is a secondary source because
this website was published after his death.
9. "Owens Wins 4th Gold Medal." History
We used this source to learn about the medals Jesse received and his accomplishments. The information
we got from this source was about him winning his olympic medals. This is a secondary source because
this website was published after his death.
10. "Jesse Owens' Olympic Triumph: A Profound Story." SFGate.
We used this source to learn the full story of Jesse Owens. The information we got from this source was
him as a child, teen, and adult in the olympics. This is a secondary source because this website was
created after his death.
11. "Jesse Owens Biography -." Biography Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2017.
We used this source to learn about the biography of Jesse Owens. The information we got from this
source was the full story of his early years, Olympic career, and later years. This is a secondary source
because this website was created after his death.
12. "WGBH American Experience." PBS. Public Broadcasting Service, n.d. Web. 16 Feb.
2017.
We used this source to learn about the 1936 Olympics. The information we got from this source was his
medals, events, and the experience of the Berlin Olympics. This is a secondary source because this
website was published after his death.
13. "Jesse Owens Biography." Jesse Owens Biography - Life, Family, Childhood, Name,
Story, Death, Wife, School, Young. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2017.
We used this source to learn everything about Jesse Owens. The information we got from this source was
the full life to death story and facts about Jesse Owens. This is a secondary source because this website
has no words quoted by Jesse Owens.
14. "Jesse Owens: Olympic Legend." CNN. Cable News Network, n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2017.
We used this source to learn about the mark in left at the Olympics. This information we got from this
source was the mark he left in the olympics and what he changed forever. This is a secondary source
because this website was created after his death.
15. "Jesse Owens." Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica, Inc., n.d. Web. 16
Feb. 2017.
We used this source to learn new facts and details about Jesse Owens. The information we got from this
source was different facts and the story of Jesse Owens. This is a secondary source because this website
was created after his death.

Adelynn Hyatt

Primary Sources

1. Talbot, Gayle. "Ohio Schools to Be Given 3 Olympic Oaks--If Owens Wins." La Crosse
Tribune
[Lacrosse], district ed., 4 Aug. 1936.
We used this source to find more information about Jesse Owens and his successes in the Olympics. It
had a lot of statistics on it. This source is primary because it was a newspaper that was given out during
the same time that Jesse Owens became famous.
2. "Rolbiecki Defeats Erickson One up on Eighteenth." La Crosse Tribune [La Crosse], 3
Aug. 1936, Sorts
Roundup sec., p. 7.
This gave us more info on Jesse Owens in the Olympics also. It is a primary source because this was a
current newspaper handed out in 1936, and it had pictures on it which are also primary sources.
3. "Jesse Owens Wins 200m Dash to Hang up Third Victory." La Crosse Tribune [La
Crosse], 5 Aug. 1936,
Sports sec., p. 10.
We used this source because it gave us statistics on Jesse Owens. It is primary because it has many
pictures on it, and it was also made the same time Jesse was alive.
4. "Jesse Owens." Jesse Owens Olympic Legend, 2017 Jesse Owens Trust c/o Luminary
Group,
www.jesseowens.com/photos/.
This source helped us learn what all of the events Jesse Owens competed in and how good he was at each
event. This source is primary because it contained pictures during the time period.
5. "Jesse.Owens." Jesse Owens Olympic Legend, 2017 Jesse Owens Trust c/o Luminary
Group, 2017 Jesse
Owens Trust c/o Luminary Group LLC.
This source has been helpful to our group because we did not know where Jesse Owens went to college,
but after we looked at the pictures, it showed that he went to college at Ohio State.
6. "Owens.Jesse." Jesse Owens Olympic Legend, 2017 Jesse Owens Trust c/o Luminary
Group,
www.jesseowens.com/photos/.
This source helped us learn what all of the events Jesse Owens competed in and how good he was at each
event. This source is primary because it contained pictures during the time period.
7. "Cleveland Paper: Owens Leads 'Yankee Doodle Boys'." Newseum. N.p., n.d. Web. 18
Feb. 2017.
This source helped us because at first we didnt know a lot about Jesse Owens, but this website gave us a
good amount of information on him. This is primary because we used some of the pictures that were on
this website, and added them to our website.
8. Jesse Owens Running 200-meter sprint. Gettyimages,
www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/the-american-runner-jesse-owens-running-in-the-200-
meter-news-photo503020551. Accessed 19 Feb. 2017.
We used this source to put pictures in our website. It has pictures of when Jesse was in the Olympics. This
source is a primary source because it has pictures of Jesse Owens.
9. Jacobs, Williams. "NAACP: A Century in the Fight for Freedom." Library of Congress.
Accessed 19 Feb. 2017.
We used this site to gain more knowledge on Jesse Owens overall life. We learned a lot of different
things about him using this website. This source is primary because it had letters to and from Jesse Owens
and other things during that time period.
10. View Coverage of Jesse Owens's Feats at 1936 Olympics. NewseumED,
newseumed.org/idea/view-coverage-of-jesse-owens-feats-at-1936-olympics/. Accessed 19 Feb.
2017.
We used this source because it contained information and pictures of when Jesse Owens was alive. This is
a primary source because it has pictures of things that took place during Jesse Owens life.

Secondary Sources

1. Middleton, Haydn. Modern Olympics. Chicago, Heinemann Library. True Olympic Spirit.
This source gave us information that was new to us. It gave us information on how fast he was in each
event. This is secondary because it did not contain any information or pictures from the same time that
Jesse was alive.
2. Biography.com Editors. "Jesse Owens Biography." The Biography.com Website, A&E
Television Networks, www.biography.com/people/jesse-owens-9431142. Accessed 13 Feb. 2017.
This site helped us on a lot of our website because it had a lot of info on everything about him. This is a
secondary source because although it had a lot of information on Jesse Owens, the website was written
after he died.
3. "Jesse Owens Became a Sporting Legend for His Achievements at the 1936 Berlin
Games." Jesse Owens,
Copyright 2017. All rights reserved, www.olympic.org/jesse-owens.
This source gave us info on our Olympics tab on our website. This is a secondary source because the
website was written after he died.
 4. "Jesse Owens's Inspiring History." International Olympic Committee. N.p., 06 Feb. 2017.
Web. 16 Feb. 2017.
This website had the whole story of how Jesse Owens became an inspiration to many. This helped us
figure out how to do our website and what it should be about. This is a secondary source , there was
nothing on it from when Jesse was alive.
5. Jesse Owens Biography." Jesse Owens Biography - Life, Family, Childhood, Name,
Story,
Death, Wife, School, Young. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2017.
This source is secondary because it only had information and statistics on it. We used the information this
site gave us on our tab, later years because it had a lot about Jesse, not just when he was in the Olympics.
6. "10 Things You May Not Know About Jesse Owens." History.com, A&E Networks.
This site gave us knowledge on some of the random things about Jesse Owens. It is a secondary source
because it did not contain anything from the time of Jesse Owens.
7. "Jesse Owens." American Experience,
www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/owens/.Accessed 19Feb. 2017.
This source was mostly about Jesses background and not just about the Olympics. We used this source to
gain background info on Jesse, so we had an idea of how to create our website. This is also secondary
because the website was created after Jesse Owens death.
8. "The Jesse Owens Biopic Race." The Verge, 2017 Vox Media,
www.theverge.com/2016/2/18/11045220/race-jesse-owens-movie-review.
This source had info about how Jesse had to overcome obstacles like racism while he was in the
Olympics. Its a secondary source because it was also written after the time period.
9. "Jesse Owens Bio." Kidzworld, 2017 Kidzworld.
This is a secondary source because it did not have any pictures or anything that were taken during the
time that Jesse Owens was alive. We used some of the information on this site to put on our website.

10. Metz, Nina. Jesse Owens: Giant on the Track, but Just Dad to His Daughters.
Chicagotribune.com, 20 Feb. 2016, www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/ct-jesse-
owens-daughters-race-movie-mov-0219-20160218-column.html. Accessed 19 Feb. 2017.
This site gave us information on what Jesse was like outside of being an athlete. It is a secondary sources
because it was written after Jesse Owens died.
11. Jesse Owens Timeline. Jesse Owens Timeline,
www.softschools.com/timelines/jesse_owens_timeline/141/. Accessed 19 Feb. 2017.
This source is secondary because it did not have any pictures. We used tis to figure out all about Jesses
life.
12. Jesse Owens. Jesse Owens, www.u-s-history.com/pages/h3746.html. Accessed 19 Feb.
2017
This source is a secondary source because the website was created after Jesse Owens died. We used this
source to gain knowledge on Jesse Owens.
 13. Jesse Owens. Jesse Owens - Ohio History Central,
ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Jesse_Owens. Accessed 19 Feb. 2017.
We used this source to learn how important Jesse was and his impact. The information we got from this
source was the honors and awards he received and how he died. This is secondary because this was
published after his death.
14. Jesse Owens. Great Black Heroes, www.greatblackheroes.com/sports/jesse-owens/.
Accessed 19 Feb. 2017.
This website is about how huge of an impact Jesse Owens made to future black lives because he was the
first African American Olympian. It is a secondary source because the website was published after Owens
died.
15. Biography.com, editor. "Jesse Owens Biography." The Biography.com, A&E Television
We used this source on a lot of our website tabs. It helped us a lot because it had a vast majority of
information that other sites didnt have, so it helped us a lot. It is a secondary source because, first of all,
it doesnt have any pictures or anything from the time that Jesse was alive, and secondly, the website was
published after he died.