Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Primary Sources
"Jesse Owens: A Chilly Reception in Nazi Germany, Then Olympic Glory." August
8, 2016. Accessed September 29, 2016.
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/cp/obituaries/archives.
The New York Times is a very reliable source for news about the world. This
primary source was used to contribute to my overall understanding with quotes
from Jesse Owens and other significant figures in his life.
Litsky, Frank. "Jesse Owens Dies of Cancer at 66; Hero of the 1936 Berlin
Olympics." On This Day. April 1, 1980. Accessed October 11, 2016.
http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0912.html.
Frank Litsky attended the University of Connecticut and has been with the New
York Times since 1958. He has written over 3,700 articles for the New York Times.
This primary source was used in the section of my website titled Impact.
Fray, William C., and Lisa A. Spar. "Program of the National Socialist German
Workers' Party." Program of the National Socialist German Workers' Party.
Accessed November 13, 2016.
https://fcit.usf.edu/HOLOCAUST/resource/document/PROGRAM.htm.
Williams C. Fray and Lisa A. Spar were co-directors of the Avalon Project at the
Yale Law School in 1997. They both graduated from Yale Law School and this
document is the Program of the National Socialist German Workers Party. This
primary source was used to contribute to the section of my website titled The
Third Reich.
This primary source is from chapter six of Hitlers Mein Kampf, and was
translated by Ralph Manheim who graduated from Harvard University in 1926. It
was used to gather quotes to contribute to the section of my website titled The
Third Reich.
This primary source is the full Treaty of Versailles, which was signed on June 28,
1919. This source was used in the section of my website titled The Third Reich.
"Full Text of "Mein Kampf"" Full Text of "Mein Kampf" Accessed November 13,
2016.
https://archive.org/stream/meinkampf035176mbp/meinkampf035176mbp_dj
vu.txt.
This primary source is the full text of Hitlers book Mein Kampf. It was used in
section of my website titled The Third Reich.
Bos, Carole. "Jesse Owens - Video Interview." Awesome Stories. October 7, 2013.
Accessed November 13, 2016.
https://www.awesomestories.com/asset/view/Jesse-Owens-Video-Interview.
This primary source was a video interview of Jesse Owens by Carole Bos. Jesse
talks about his life ranging from his humble beginnings all the way up until his
stand against Hitlers theory of Aryan Supremacy. This source was used in the
section of my website titled Buckeye Bullet.
Jesse Owens Win 100m Gold Berlin 1936 Olympics. Produced by Let's Sport.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMUJ1pvrB-I.
This primary source is a video of Jesse Owens winning the 100-meter final at the
1936 Berlin Olympics. The producer, Lets Sport, converted the video to the
public using Youtube, a very reliable outlet. This source was used in the section of
my website titled Eleventh Olympiad.
"The Nazi Party: The Nazi Olympics." The Nazi Olympics (August 1936) | Jewish
Virtual Library. Accessed December 07, 2016.
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/olympics.html.
This primary source described the 1936 Olympics in detail, and was very relevant
to the theme, Taking A Stand. It was published in the U.S. Holocaust Memorial
Museum. This source was primarily used to find a quote from Joseph Goebbels,
the German Minister of Propaganda, as well as contribute to the section titled
Establishing The Stand.
This primary source is a video interview of Jesse Owens shortly after his
impressive performance at the Berlin. Olympics. This source was primarily used
in the section of my website titled The Aftermath.
Secondary Sources
"Jesse Owens." Jesse Owens Foundation. Accessed October 11, 2016. http://jesse-
owens.org/#jesseowens.
Broughton, Philip Delves. "Forget Hitler - It Was America That Snubbed Black
Olympian Jesse Owens." Mail Online. 2009. Accessed November 13, 2016.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1205901/Forget-Hitler--America-
snubbed-black-Olympian-Jesse-Owens.html.
This secondary source was written by Phillip Delves Broughton on the website,
DailyMail.com. It describes how Owens was snubbed by President Roosevelt, and
this source was used in the section of my website titled The Aftermath.
Schwartz, Larry. "Owens Pierced a Myth." ESPN. Accessed November 13, 2016.
https://espn.go.com/sportscentury/features/00016393.html.
This secondary source was written by Larry Schwartz and titled Owens Pierced a
Myth. It was produced through ESPN, which is a very reliable news outlet. This
source was used in section of my website titled Eleventh Olympiad.
This secondary source was an in-depth look at the racial tensions and economic
struggles of 1930s America. It was written by Joe W. Trotter and titled African
Americans, Impact of the Great Depression on. This source was used in the
section of my website titled 1930s America.
This secondary source from the Equal Justice Initiative: A History of Racial
Injustice highlighted instances of racial discrimination in 1930s America. It was
used in the section of my website titled 1930s America.
Meier, David A. "Adolf Hitler's Rise to Power." Accessed November 13, 2016.
http://www2.dsu.nodak.edu/users/dmeier/Holocaust/hitler.html.
This secondary source written by David A. Meier in 2000 highlighted Hitlers rise
to power through authoritarian means. It was used in the section of my website
titled The Third Reich.
How Did Hitler Rise to Power? - Alex Gendler and Anthony Hazard. Produced by Ted-
Ed. Accessed November 13, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=jFICRFKtAc4.
Alex Gendler produced this secondary source and Anthony Hazard of Ted-Ed.
Ted-Ed is an expansion of Ted Talks and Ted-Ed believes passionately that ideas
have the power to change attitudes, lives, and ultimately, the world. This easy,
yet effective secondary source was used to improve my understanding of Hitlers
rise to power.
"The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
2016. Accessed November 13, 2016.
https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005680.
This secondary source highlights the events of the Eleventh Olympiad ranging
from the marvelous Opening Ceremonies at Berlins new stadium to Jesse Owens
stand against Hitlers theory of Aryan Supremacy. The source was a part of the
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and it was used in the section of my
website titled Eleventh Olympiad.
Cogliano, Thomas. "The 1936 Olympics: A Necessary Reflection and the Value of a
Single Human Being." Bleacher Report. 2016. Accessed November 13, 2016.
http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1268484-the-1936-olympics-a-necessary-
reflection-and-the-value-of-a-single-human-being.
"How Jesse Owens Angered Hitler at the Berlin Olympics." Accessed December 06,
2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dgUvXuqIS1E.
This secondary source is a video depicting the relationship between Jesse Owens
and Luz Long, a German long-jumper. The producer, SportskeedaTV, converted
the video to the public using YouTube, a very reliable outlet. This source was used
in the section of my website titled Eleventh Olympiad, specifically in the part
about Luz Long.
Chu, Hau. "Athletes Who Have Made Political Statements." NY Daily News.
November 18, 2015. Accessed December 07, 2016.
http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/football/athletes-made-political-
statements-article-1.2439289.
This secondary source explores various incidents where athletes have made
political statements over the course of U.S. history. The NY Daily News is fairly
reliable as a secondary source, and this source was primarily used in the section of
my website titled, Politics Over Athletics.
This secondary source provides an overview of Owens stand at the 1936 Olympic
Games in Berlin. This source was primarily used on the Home page of my
website to give readers a basic understanding of the historical event.
Books
Schaap, Jeremy. Triumph: The Untold Story of Jesse Owens and Hitler's Olympics.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2007.
Baker, William J. Jesse Owens: An American Life. New York: Free Press, 1986.
Journals
Kass, D. A. "The Issue of Racism at the 1936 Olympics." Journal of Sport History 3,
no. 3 (1976): 223-35. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43609664.
This journal of sports history, written by D.A. Kass, confronts the issue of racism
as it relates to the 1936 Olympic Games and Hitlers Nazi Regime. The
University of Illinois Press published this journal, and it provides terrific insight
over the controversial decision to not boycott the Games. This journal was used in
the section of my website titled The Decision.
Pictography
http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage/DocumentToolsPortletWindow?
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http://www.english.illinois.edu/MAPS/depression/about.htm
http://racialinjustice.eji.org/timeline/1930s/
http://racialinjustice.eji.org/timeline/1930s/
http://racialinjustice.eji.org/timeline/1930s/
http://racialinjustice.eji.org/timeline/1930s/
http://racialinjustice.eji.org/timeline/1930s/
http://racialinjustice.eji.org/timeline/1930s/
http://racialinjustice.eji.org/timeline/1930s/
(Black man lynched in Tampa, Florida after being cleared of rape charge)
http://racialinjustice.eji.org/timeline/1930s/
http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/timeline/jimcrow.htm
(Black man and segregation)
http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/united-states-history-volume-2/s09-roaring-
twenties-to-the-great-.html
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/15058979976785879/
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/245235142179402404/
(Nazi symbol)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_symbols
(Olympic Rings)
http://www.tomatobubble.com/trotters.html
(Jewish symbol)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Europe
https://history105.libraries.wsu.edu/fall2014/2014/08/27/genocide-the-origins-and-its-
place-though-history-all-the-way-to-modern-times/
https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2010/winter/nuremberg.html
(Nuremberg Laws)
https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2010/winter/nuremberg.html
(Nuremberg Laws)
https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2010/winter/nuremberg.html
(Nuremberg Laws)
https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2010/winter/nuremberg.html
(Nuremberg Laws)
http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMNCWJ_Town_of_Oakville_Oakville_AL
(Oakville, Alabama)
http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/usa_map.htm
http://www.si.com/olympics/photos/2013/09/12/rare-photos-jesse-owens#
https://library.osu.edu/projects/jesse-owens/owens_story2.html
https://library.osu.edu/projects/jesse-owens/story_family.html
http://aboutjesseowens.weebly.com/about-him.html
https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/handle/1811/53294
http://kb.osu.edu/dspace/handle/1811/53219/browse?
order=ASC&rpp=20&sort_by=1&etal=-1&offset=757&type=title
https://www.flickr.com/photos/ohio-state-university-archives/4296175244
http://www.clevelandareahistory.com/2009/11/save-jesse-owens-house.html
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/412149803371426458/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avery_Brundage
(Avery Brundage)
http://olympic-museum.de/iocmembers/iocmembers1907.html
http://avery-brundage.inmemoriam.org
(Avery Brundage)
https://www.ushmm.org/exhibition/olympics/?content=games_go_on
http://www.cafepress.com/+political+flip-flops
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_symbols#Flag
(Olympic Rings)
http://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/the-anti-nazi-boycott-of-1933/
http://boys.nextlevelhoopsacademy.com/aau-teams/
http://forward.com/the-assimilator/205316/jews-of-the-civil-rights-movement/
(Emmanuel Celler)
https://www.thinglink.com/scene/508678939082752000#
(Alfred E. Smith)
http://www.untermyergardens.org/history.html
(Samuel Untermyer)
http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/settlement-houses/national-federation-of-settlements-
and-neighborhood-centers/
https://www.quora.com/Why-did-Hitler-insist-Aryans-were-the-ultimate-race-when-he-
himself-was-not-Aryan
(Adolf Hitler)
http://spartacus-educational.com/ExamRHU15.htm
https://www.tes.com/lessons/kRKPMOGwoIuONw/1930-s
(1930s America)
http://oncampus.osu.edu/the-buckeye-bullet/
(Buckeye Bullet)
http://www.schoolhistory.com.au/topic/rise-and-fall-of-the-third-reich/
http://photobucket.com/images/usa%20flag
(American flag)
http://www.bradleysbookoutlet.com
(Stack of books)
http://www.clipartpanda.com/categories/pencil-and-paper-clipart
(Notebook/pencil/paper)
http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/more-sports/jesse-owens-olympic-gold-medal-
auctioned-record-1-4m-article-1.1541719
(Holocaust prisoners)
http://www.blackhistorymonth.org.uk/article/section/sporting-heroes/jesse-owens/
http://www.ebay.com/bhp/1936-olympic-medal
http://greyfalcon.us/The%201936%20Olympics.htm
(Newspaper headline after Hitler refuses to shake hands with American winners)
http://www.biography.com/people/jesse-owens-9431142
https://www2.warwick.ac.uk/services/library/mrc/explorefurther/images/olympics/
https://www.pinterest.com/robbanr2224/olympiad-1936-berlin/
(Downtown Berlin)
https://www.britannica.com/event/Berlin-1936-Olympic-Games
https://hautevitrine.com/tag/olympic-village/
http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/hitler-s-olympic-village
http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/bodysphere/remembering-the-1936-
berlin-nazi-olympics/6674614
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3134038/Dangerous-Games-New-book-sheds-
light-Australian-team-just-innocents-abroad-infamous-1936-Nazi-Olympics-Berlin-
experience-changed-forever.html
http://www.forbidden-places.net/urban-exploration-1936-berlin-olympic-village
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3714783/Athletes-village-designed-Nazi-leader-
1936-Games-lies-crumbling-outskirts-Berlin.html
http://www.historicberlin.com/?p=476
https://www.britannica.com/event/Berlin-1936-Olympic-Games
http://time.com/4432857/hitler-hosted-olympics-1936/
http://www.ddoughty.com/blog/berlin-olympics-1936-posters-ww2
https://www.ushmm.org/information/press/press-kits/traveling-exhibitions/nazi-
olympics/olympics-promotion-poster
https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/gallery.php?ModuleId=10007985&MediaType=ph
http://rarehistoricalphotos.com/jesse-owens-wins-gold-nazi-germany/
(Long Jump Medal Ceremony)
http://nbc4i.com/2016/08/09/80-years-ago-today-jesse-owens-won-his-4th-gold-medal/
http://primevalvoid.com/written_essays/History/Owens/JesseOwens.htm
http://german61a.blogspot.com/2009/12/olympic-medal-count.html
http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/education/learning_environments/sites_map.asp
https://storify.com/NicoleT/who-was-involved-in-world-war-ii
http://www.pindex.com/b/discover-history/world-war-ii
http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/09/world/world-war-ii-fast-facts/
http://www.wnd.com/2015/03/the-legacy-of-world-war-ii/
http://www.slideshare.net/coachjlowe/unit-7-powerpoint-the-road-to-world-war-ii
http://www.haaretz.com/jewish/features/.premium-1.627754
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust
https://desertpeace.wordpress.com/category/france/page/2/
http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/franklin-d-roosevelt/pictures/franklin-d-
roosevelt
(President Roosevelt)
https://seanmunger.com/2015/02/10/biggest-losers-alf-landon-and-the-election-of-1936/
http://richmondfreepress.com/news/2016/mar/04/jesse-owens-had-backup/
http://www.sbnation.com/nba/2015/12/26/10667758/stephen-curry-ap-male-athlete-of-
the-year-warriors-nba-associated-press
http://www.berliner-stadtplan.com/Jesse-Owens-Allee-14053-Berlin-Westend_a3884
http://www.metalruby.com/skeggi/Writing/JesseOwens.htm
http://www.tradingcarddb.com/GalleryP.cfm/pid/45527/Jesse-Owens
http://www.tradingcarddb.com/GalleryP.cfm/pid/45527/Jesse-Owens
http://www.gettyimages.com/photos/jesse-owens?
excludenudity=true&family=editorial&mediatype=photography&phrase=jesse
%20owens&sort=mostpopular
(Jesse Owens pumping gas)
http://kb.osu.edu/dspace/handle/1811/53219/browse?type=title
http://www.freep.com/story/sports/olympics/2016/02/19/jesse-owens-column-
windsor/80593930
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(2016_film)
(Race - 2016)
http://www.edmfitness.co.uk/runtheworld/
http://jesse-owens.org
https://mpora.com/running/running-olympics-guide-running-events-distances-history-rio-
2016
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/olympics.html
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/olympics.html
http://inrng.com/2016/07/reading-lequipe/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_L._Shirer
(William L. Shirer)
https://newseumed.org/artifact/jesse-owens-at-berlin-olympics-german-newspaper/
(Volkischer Beobachter German newspaper)
http://sleepypod.com/portfolio-items/the-new-york-times
https://newseumed.org/artifact/jesse-owens-at-berlin-olympics-chronicle-sporting-green/
https://newseumed.org/artifact/jesse-owens-berlin-olympics-cleveland-press/
https://newseumed.org/artifact/owens-rocketed-to-third-win/
https://newseumed.org/artifact/owens-unbeatable-says-baltimore-news-post/
http://www.famoussportspeople.com/muhammad-ali/
(Muhammad Ali)
http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/features/the-nba-and-i-cant-breathe-a-controversy-
at-a-crossroads-20141211
http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2014/12/09/lebron-on-garner-protest-shirt-it-was-a-
message-to-the-family/
http://www.vocativ.com/culture/fun/i-cant-breathe-comic-sans/
http://www.slate.com/articles/sports/sports_nut/2016/09/colin_kaepernick_s_protest_is_
working.html
(Colin Kaepernick)
http://time.com/3612148/photos-athletes-political-demonstrations/
https://books.google.com/books/about/Triumph.html?id=e-
SvBgAAQBAJ&source=kp_cover&hl=en
(Jeremy Schaaps Triumph: The Untold Story of Jesse Owens and Hitlers Olympics)
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/212865519864824819/
(Nazi Propaganda)
https://www.pinterest.com/joe3985/german-fascist-central-powers-art-propaganda/
(Nazi Propaganda)
https://www.ushmm.org/exhibition/olympics/?content=nazi_propaganda
(Nazi Propaganda)
http://www.theholocaustexplained.org/ks4/the-nazi-camp-system/types-of-camps/why-
did-the-nazis-use-concentration-camps/#.WKILHRiZPq0
https://www.pinterest.com/claudeperonnet/porajmos-samudaripen/
https://placesjournal.org/article/hitler-at-home/
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3714783/Athletes-village-designed-Nazi-leader-
1936-Games-lies-crumbling-outskirts-Berlin.html
http://americablog.com/2013/08/hitler-olympics-russia-sochi-2014-gay.html
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/260716265908021001/
http://home.bt.com/news/world-news/october-16-1968-us-sprinters-give-black-power-
salute-at-olympic-medal-ceremony-11364010929348