UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF LAW

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITY LAW

First Semester, AY 2016-2017

Prof. Nicholas Felix L. Ty

BASIS FOR EVALUATION

Recitation: Fifty Percent (50%)

Final Examination: Forty-Five Percent (45%)
Attendance: Five Percent (5%)

Total: One Hundred Percent (100%)

GRADE EQUIVALENTS

Score Grade Equivalent

97-100 1.00
94-96 1.25
90-93 1.50
87-89 1.75
83-86 2.00
80-82 2.25
77-79 2.50
74-76 2.75
70-73 3.00
0-69 5.00
 TENTATIVE SCHEDULE

No. of Topic
Hours

1 Introduction and Orientation

7 Public Utilities
3 Transportation Law Parts I
and II
7 Common Carriers
1 Code of Commerce Provisions
on
Overland Transport
4 Admiralty and Maritime
Commerce
1 Part V of Course Outline:
International Air Transport

REFERENCES:

Agbayani, Aguedo F., Commentaries & Jurisprudence on the

Commercial Laws of the Philippines

Aquino, Timoteo B. & Hernando, Ramon Paul L., Notes and

Cases on the Law of Transportation and Public Utilities
 COURSE OUTLINE

PART ONE: PUBLIC UTILITIES

I. General Discussion

A. What is a public utility?

Munn v Illinois, 94 U.S. 113 (1876)

Luzon Stevedoring Co., Inc. v. PSC, G.R. No L-
5458. September 16, 1953

Additional Readings:

Batson, H.E., The Economic Concept of a Public

Utility, Economica, No. 42 (November 1933), pp 457-
472.

De dios, Emmanuel , What is a public utility? Defense

and opulence, see Businessworld Online, 21 July 2013

B. What is a public service?

Commonwealth Act No. 146 or the Public Service Act, as

amended, Sec 13(b)

Differentiate public utility from public service?

C. Legal Basis and Rationale for Regulation

1987 Constitution, Article XII, Section 6

Republic of the Philippines v. Meralco, 391 SCRA 700

Additional Readings:

Millar, Edythe S., Is the Public Utility Concept

Obsolete?, Land Economics, Vol. 71, No. 3, Social
Control of Private Power: The Past and Future of
Public Utility Regulation (August 1995), pp. 273-285

Gray, Horace M., The Passing of the Public Utility

Concept, The Journal of Land & Public Utility
Economics, Vol. 16, No. 1 (February 1940), pp 8 -20
D. Where does the Power to Regulate Public Utilities Reside?

Albano v. Reyes, 175 SCRA 264

KMU Labor Center v. Garcia, 239 SCRA 386
Batangas CATV v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
138819, September 29, 2004
1-Utak v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 206020, April
14, 2015

Relate to Public Service Act 13(a)

What happened to the Public Service Commission?

See footnote #2 in KMU Labor Center v. Garcia, supra,

E. Not a Public Utility

Nebbia v. New York, 291 U.S. 502 (1934)

Tatad v. Garcia, 243 SCRA 436
The Iloilo Ice and Cold Storage Company v. Public
Utility Board, G.R. No. L-19857, March 2, 1923
Teresa Electric & Power Co. v PSC, 21 SCRA 198
JG Summit Holdings, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R.
No. p124293, September 24, 2003

See Public Service Act, Sec. 14 for list of enterprises not

covered by definition of public service

See also Republic Act No. 9136, Secs. 6 & 29; Republic
Act No. 10668, Sec. 4

Nature of concession agreements

Freedom from Debt Coalition v. MWSS, G.R. No.

173044, December 10, 2007

II. Constitutional Provisions

1987 Constitution. Article XII, Secs. 6, 11, 17, 18,

19,

a. Ownership
 Gamboa v. Teves, G.R. No. 176579,
(Part I) June 28, 2011 and (Part II)
October 9, 2012

Express Investments v Bayan

Telecommunications, G.R. Nos.
174457-59. December 5, 2012

See Sicat, Gerardo P., Legal and

Constitutional Disputes & the Philippine
Economy, Philippine Law Journal, Volume 82,
Issue No. 2, December 2007

Relate to Public Service Act, Sec 16 (a) and Sec.

20 (i)

b. Exclusivity

Metro Cebu Water v. Adala, G.R. No. 168914, July

4, 2007
Tawang Multi-Purpose Cooperative v. La Trinidad
Water District, G.R. No. 166471, March 22, 2011

c. Subject to Amendment

RCPI v NTC, 150 SCRA 450

Francisco v. Toll Regulatory Board, G.R.
No. 166910, October 19, 2010

Relate to Public Service Act, Sec. 16 (m)

and (n)

d. Fixed-Term

Francisco v. Toll Regulatory Board, supra

e. Take-over Power

David v. Macapagal-Arroyo, G.R. No,

171396, May 3, 2006
Agan v. Piatco, G.R. No. 155001,
January 21, 2004

f. Privatization of State-Operated Public

Utilities
 Kuwait Airways v. Philippine Airlines,
G.R. No. 156087, May 8, 2009

See also: Kasai, Yoshiyuki, Japanese

National Railways: Its Break-up and
Privatization, Appendix I: Panel
Discussion on Rail Privatization, pp
184-205 (See Prof for Copy)

III. Regulation of Public Utilities

A. Authority to Operate

Albano v. Reyes, supra

PLDT v NTC, G.R. No. 88404, October 18,
1990
Francisco v. Toll Regulatory Board, supra
Napocor v. Court of Appeals, 279 SCRA 408
Hontiveros v Toll Regulatory Board, G.R. No.
181293, February 23, 2015

Relate to Public Service Act, Section 16 (a),

Sec. 18

i. General Qualifications

Vda. de Lat v. PSC, G.R. No. L-34978, Feb.

26, 1988
KMU Labor Center v. Garcia, supra

ii. Revocation or Cancellation

Divinagracia v Consolidated Broadcasting

System, Inc. G.R. No 162272, April 7,
2009

Relate to Public Service Act, Section 16(m)

iii. Provisional Authority

Oroport Cargohandling v. Phividec Industrial

Authority, G.R. No. 166785, July 28, 2008

iv. CPC v. CPCN

 See Public Service Act, Section 15

PAL v. CAB, 270 SCRA 538 (see also

Republic Acts No. 9183 and 9517 in
relation to case)

B. Rate-Fixing

See Public Service Act, Sections 16(c) and 20(a)

o Philippine Communications Satellite

Corporation v. Alcuaz, G.R. 84818,
December 18, 1989
o Republic of the Philippines v. Meralco,
supra

i. Undue Delegation

KMU Labor Center v. Garcia,

supra

ii. Provisional Rates

Padua v. Ranada, G.R. No.

141949, October 14, 2002
Freedom from Debt Coalition v.
Energy Regulatory Commission,
G.R. No. 161113

iii. Rate Refund

BF Homes v. Meralco, G.R. No.

171624, Dec. 6, 2010

iv. Vis--vis Power to Grant

Authority

Francisco v. Toll Regulatory

Board, supra

Further reading: Epstein, Richard, The History of Public

Utility Rate Regulation in the United States Supreme
Court: Of Reasonable and Nondiscriminatory Rates,
Journal of Supreme Court History (citation incomplete,
please see Prof for copy)
C. Area of Operation

Napocor v. Court of Appeals, supra

D. Approval of Sale and Mortgages of Public Utility Assets

or Equity

Public Service Act, Section 20 (g), (h) and (i)

Montoya v. Ignacio, G.R. No. L-5868, December 29,

1953
Perez v. Gutierrez, 53 SCRA 149
Zamboanga Transporation Co., v Public Utility
Commission, 50 Phil 237
Y Transit Co., Inc. v. NLRC, 229 SCRA 508
Francisco v. Toll Regulatory Board, supra
PLDT v NTC, supra

E. Power to set fees and other charges

Republic v. International Communications

Corporation, G.R. No. 141667, July 17, 2006
Gerochi v. Department of Energy, G.R. No.
159796, July 17, 2007

F. Other means of regulation

See Public Service Act, Section 16 and 20

PLDT v NTC, supra

(in relation to this case please read also
Pitofsky, Robert et al, The Essential Facilities
Doctrine under U.S. Antitrust Law, 70
Antitrust Law Journal, 443-462 (2002)
Henares v. LTFRB, G.R. No 158290, Oct. 23, 2006
Meralco v. Wilcon, G.R. No. 171534, June 30, 2008
BF Homes v. Meralco, supra
Taxicab Operators of Metro Manila v. Board of
Transportation, G.R. No L-59235, September 30,
1982

G. Due process requirements

Pantranco v. PSC, 70 Phil 221

KMU Labor Center v Garcia, supra
IV. Further Reading

Thierer, Adam, The Perils of Classifying

Social Media Platforms as Public Utilities,
21 Commlaw Conspectus, 249-397
(2013)

United States Telecom Association v.

Federal Communications Commission, US
Court of Appeals, District of Columbia
Circuit, 14 June 2016
PART TWO: TRANSPORATION LAW

I General Discussion

1. Definition

2. Relationship to a public utility

3. Nature of a Franchise

Raymundo v. Luneta Motor, 58 Phil. 889

Cogeo-Cubao Operator & Driver Association
v. CA, G.R. No. 100727, March 18, 1992
1-Utak v. COMELEC, supra

4. Scope of a Franchise

San Pablo v. Pantranco, 153 SCRA 199

5. Prior-operator rule

Batangas Transportation v. Orlanes, 52 Phil

455

6. Kabit System

Teja v. IAC, 148 SCRA 347

Santos vs. Sibug 104 SCRA 520
Lita Enterprises, Inc. v. Second Civil Cases
Division, 129 SCRA 79
Lim v. CA, G.R. No. 125817, January 16,
2002
Baliwag Transit, Inc. v Court of Appeals, G.R.
No. L-57493, January 7, 1987

7. Private nature; rights and obligations of parties

inter se arising from transactions relating to
transportation

a. absent a transportation contract

Lara v Valencia, 104 Phil 65

b. liability of registered owner

 PCI Leasing v UCPB General Insurance, 557
SCRA 141

II Regulation of the Transportation Industry

1. The Department of Transportation (formerly DOTC),

EO 125, Sec. 4 and 5 (as amended by EO 125-A and
Republic Act No. 10844, Sec. 15); See also EO 292
Book IV, Title XV

Mirasol v. DPWH, G.R. No. 158793, June 8,

2006
Hontiveros v TRB, supra

a. Air
(i) Civil Aviation Authority of the
Philippines, Republic Act No. 9497
(2008), Sec. 4, 21, 24, 35

(ii) Civil Aeronautics Board, RA 776, as

amended, Secs. 5, 10 (A), (C); Secs.
11,12

PAL v. CAB, 23 SCRA 992

PAL v. CAB, supra
Kuwait Airways v. PAL, supra

b. Land

(i) Land Transporation Office, EO 125-A,

Secs. 9, 11, 13(a); Administrative
Code of 1987, Title XV, Sec 9(1)

(ii) Land Transportation Franchising and

Regulatory Board, EO 202, Secs. 1, 2,
4, 5, 6, 7; Administrative Code of
1987, Title XV, Secs. 15-22

KMU Labor Center v. Garcia, supra

See also DOTC Department Order No.

2015-011

c. Water

(i) Maritime Industry Authority, EO 125,

Sec. 14, as amended by EO-125-A,
 Sec. 4. See also Republic Act No. 9295,
Section 10 and 11, in relation to
Section 8

III. Common Carriers

(Unless otherwise indicated, reference is to the Civil Code)

A. In General

1. Definitions, essential elements; Art. 1732

U.S. v. Tan Piaco, 40 Phil 853

Home Insurance Co. v. American Steamship, 23 SCRA
24
De Guzman v. CA, 168 SCRA 612
Bascos v. CA, 221 SCRA 318
Planters Products Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 226 SCRA
476
Fabre v. Court of Appeals, 259 SCRA 426
First Philippine Industrial Corporation v. Court of
Appeals, 300 SCRA 66
Asia Lighterage and Shipping v. Court of Appeals, 409
SCRA 340
Crisostomo v. Court of Appeals, 409 SCRA 528

Cruz v. Sun Holidays, G.R. No.186312, June 29, 2010

2. Nature and Basis of Liability

Art. 1733

Cangco v. MRR, 38 Phil 767

Isaac v. A.L. Ammen, 101 Phil 1046
Fores v. Miranda, 105 Phil 266
Phil. Rabbit v. IAC, 189 SCRA 159
LRTA v. Navidad, 397 SCRA 75

3. Classes of common carriers

Art. 1732, 1733, 1755

4. Law applicable

Arts. 1766, 1753

 National Development Co. v. Court of Appeals, 164
SCRA 593

B. Common Carriage of Goods

1. Liability and presumption of negligence

Arts. 1733, 1734, 1735

Ynchausti Steamship Co. v. Dexter, 41 Phil 289

Mirasol v. Dollar, 53 Phil 125

2. Exemption from liability

(a) Natural Disaster

Arts. 1734 (1), 1739, 1740; Art. 361,
Code of Commerce

Tan Chiong v. Inchausti, 22 Phil 153

Martini v. Macondray, 39 Phil. 934
Eastern Shipping v. IAC, 150 SCRA 463
Asia Lighterage v. Court of Appeals, 409 SCRA 340

(b)Act of public enemy Art. 1734(2), 1739

(c) Act or omission of shipper Art. 1734(3), 1741

(d)Character of goods, etc

Arts. 1734(4), 1742
Art. 366, Code of Commerce

Government v. Ynchausti, 40 Phil 219

Southern Lines v. CA, 4 SCRA 258

(e) Order of competent authority

Arts. 1734(5), 1743

Ganzon v. Court of Appeals, 161 SCRA 646

3. Duration of Extraordinary Responsibility

Arts. 1736 to 1738

Compania Maritima v. Insurance Company, 12 SCRA

213
Lu Do v. Binamira, 101 Phil 120
APL v. Klepper, 110 Phil. 243
 Samar Mining Co., Inc. vs. Nordeutscher Lloyd, 132
SCRA 529
Eastern Shipping v. CA, 234 SCRA 79
Eastern Shipping v. BPI/MS Insurance, G.R. No
139986, January 15, 2014.
Nedlloyd Lijnen v. Glow Laks Enterprises, G.R. No
156330, November 19, 2014

4. Agreement Limiting Liability

(a) As to diligence required

Arts. 1744, 1745, 1751

(b) As to amount of liability

Arts. 1749 and 1750

Heacock v. Macondray 42 Phil 205

Shewaram v. PAL 17 SCRA 606
Ong Yiu v. CA, 91 SCRA 223
Pan Am v. IAC, 164 SCRA 268
Cathay Pacific v. CA, 219 SCRA 520

(c) As to delay in delivery

Maersk Line vs. Court of Appeals, 222 SCRA 108

(d) Factor affecting agreement

Arts. 1746, 1747, 1748, 1751, 1752, CC

5. Applicable Law in Foreign Trade

Art. 1753

6. Rules on Passenger Baggage

Arts. 1754, 1998, 2000 to 2003

C. Common Carriage of Passengers

1. Nature and extent of responsibility

Arts. 1733, 1755

Isaac v. A.L. Amnen Trans. Co., supra

Landingin v. Pantranco 33 SCRA 284
Landicho v. BTCo. 52 OG 7640
Necesito v. Paras 104 Phil 75
PAL v. CA, 106 SCRA 391
Sulpicio v. CA, 246 SCRA 229
Japan Airlines v. Court of Appeals, 449 SCRA 544
 2. Duration of responsibility

Cf. Article 1736, Civil Code;

Cangco v. MRR, supra

Del Prado v. Meralco, 52 Phil 900
La Mallorca v. Court of Appeals 17 SCRA 739
Bataclan v. Medina 102 Phil 181
Aboitiz v. CA, 179 SCRA 95
Philippine Airlines v. CA, 226 SCRA 423

3. Presumption of Negligence, Art. 1756

4. Force Majeure

Bachelor Express v. CA, 188 SCRA 217

Yobido vs. Court of Appeals, 281 SCRA 1

5. Limitation of Liability; validity of stipulations

Arts. 1757, 1758

6. Responsibility for acts of employees

Arts. 1759, 1760

De Gillaco v. MRR, 97 Phil 884

Maranan v. Perez, 20 SCRA 412
LRTA v. Navidad, supra

7. Responsibility for acts of strangers and co-passengers

Arts. 1763

Pilapil v. CA, 180 SCRA 546

Bachelor Express, Inc. v. CA, supra

8. Duty of passenger; effect of contributory negligence

Arts. 1761, 1762

Cangco v. MRR, supra

Isaac v. A.L. Amnen, supra

D. Damages Recoverable from Common Carriers

1. In general

2. Actual or compensatory

Arts. 2199,2201,2203,1764,2206
 Cariaga v. LTBCo. and MRR, 110 Phil 346
Pan Am v. IAC, supra
Villa-Rey v. CA, 31 SCRA 511
PAL v. CA, 185 SCRA 110
Victory Liner v. Gammad, G.R. No, 159636, Nov 25,
2004

3. Moral
Arts. 2217, 2216, 2219, 2220,2206(3)

Fores v. Miranda, 105 Phil 266

Air France v. Carrascoso, 18 SCRA 155
Lopez v. Pan Am, 16 SCRA 431
Ortigas v. Lufthansa, 64 SCRA 610
PAL v. Miano, 242 SCRA 235
United Airlines v. Court of Appeals, 357 SCRA 99
Cathay Pacific v. Vasquez, 399 SCRA 207
Air France v. Gillego, G.R. No. 165266, December 15,
2010

8. Exemplary

Arts. 2229, 2232, 2233

Mecenas v. Court of Appeals, 180 SCRA 83

9. Nominal, Temperate and Liquidated

Arts. 2221, 2224, 2226

Alitalia v. AIC, 192 SCRA 9

Saludo v. Court of Appeals, 207 SCRA 498
Japan Airlines v. Court of Appeals, 294 SCRA 19
Savellano v. Northwest, 405 SCRA 416
Victory Liner v Gammad, supra

6. Attorneys Fees and Interest

Arts. 2208, 2210

IV. Code of Commerce Provisions on Overland Transportation

(Unless otherwise indicated, reference is to Code of Commerce)

A. Scope of Overload Transportation

B. Nature of Contract, Art. 349
C. Effect of Civil Code
Arts. 1766, 2270, Civil Code

D. Contract of Carriage
 1. Bill of Lading

(a) Definition, Subject Matter, Art. 352

(b) Form, Contents, Arts. 350, 351
(c) Function, Art. 353

2. Refusal to Transport, Art. 356

3. Doubtful declaration of contents, Art. 357
4. No Bill of Lading, Art. 354, 51

E. Responsibility of the Carrier

1. When it commences, Art. 355
2. Route, Art. 359
3. Care of Goods, Arts. 361, 362
Arts. 1734, 1735, Civil Code

4. Delivery

(a) Condition of Goods, Arts. 363 to 367

(b) To Whom Delivery Made, Art. 368
(c) When to be made, Arts. 370, 358

F. Rights and Obligations or Shipper and/or Consignee

1. Right to damages

(a) Condition imposed on right, Arts. 366, 357

(b) Amount of damages for loss, Art. 732; Art. 1744, Civil
Code
(c) Amount of Damages for delay, Art. 371(3)

2. Right to abandon, Arts. 371, 360, 365, 363

3. Right to change consignment, Art. 360
4. Obligation to pay transportation charges, Arts. 376; Art.
2241(9), Civil Code
5. Obligation to return bill of lading, Art. 353(2)

G. Applicability of Provisions, Art. 379

V. Admiralty and Maritime Commerce

A. Concept of Admiralty; Jurisdiction over admiralty cases

Batas Pambansa Blg. 129, Sec. 19 (3), Sec. 33(1), as amended

by R.A. 7691

International Harvester v. Aragon, 84 Phil 363

B. Vessels

1. Meaning

Lopez v. Duruelo, 52 Phil 229

E. Nature and acquisition of

Arts. 573, 573, 583, Art. 712, Civil Code

F. Registration; certificates issued; distinctions

Republic Act 9295 Section 10(1)

4. Significance of registration of transactions affecting vessels

Arroyo v. Yu, 54 Phil 511

Rubiso v. Rivera, 37 Phil 72

C. Persons Participating in Maritime Commerce

1. Shipowners and shipagents

Arts. 586 to 608; 618

Standard Oil v. Castelo, 42 Phil 256

(a) Responsibilities and liabilities

Yu Con v. Ipil, 41 Phil 770

Manila Streamship v. Abdulhaman, 100 Phil 32
Wing Kee Compradoring Co. v. Bark Mononhaela, 44
Phil. 464
National Development Company v. Court of Appeals,
G.R. No. L-49407, August 19, 1988

(b)The doctrine of limited liability, Art. 587

Manila Steamship v. Abdulhaman, supra

Yangco v. Laserna, 73 Phil 330
Abueg v. San Diego, 77 Phil 730
Aboitiz Shipping v. General Accident Fire and Life
Assurance Corporation, Ltd., 217 SCRA 359
Aboitiz Shipping v. General Accident Fire and Life
Assurance Corporation, Ltd., 569 SCRA 294

(c) Specific rights and prerogatives

Arts. 575, 593, 594, 596, 601
 2. Captains and Master

(a) Qualifications and licensing

Rep. Act 5173, Sec. 3

Art. 609

(b)Powers and Duties

Arts. 610, 611, 612, 622, 624, 625

Inter Orient v. NLRC, 235 SCRA 269

(c) Prohibited acts and transactions

Arts. 613, 614, 615, 617, 621, 583

3. Other Officers and Crew

(a) Contracts and formalities, Art. 634

(b)Duties and liabilities, Art. 635
(c) Rights, Arts. 636 to 647

4. Supercargoes, Arts. 649-651

5. Pilots

Wildvalley v. Court of Appeals, 342 SCRA 213 (2000)

D. Accidents and Damages in Maritime Commerces

1. Averages

(a) Nature and Kinds, Arts. 806 to 808

(1)Simple or Particular
(a) Defined, Art. 809
(b)Effects, Art. 810

(2)Gross or General

(a) Defined, Arts. 811, 817, 818

(b) Essential Requisites, Arts. 813, 814, 860

Magsaysay Inc. v. Agan. 96 Phil 504

(c) Effects, Art. 812

 (d)Jettison, Arts. 815, 816
(e) Jason Clauses (See York-Antwerp Rules, Rule D)

2. Arrival Under Stress

(a) Causes, Arts. 819 and 820

(b) Formalities, Arts. 819, 822
(c) Expenses, Arts. 821, 822
(d) Responsibility of Captain, Arts. 823 - 825

3. Collisions

(a) Classes and Effects

(1) Fortuitous, Arts. 830, 832

(2) Culpable, Arts. 826, 827 and 831
(3) Inscrutable Fault, Art. 828

A. Urrutia & Co. v. Baco River Plantation Co., G.R. No. 7675,
March 25, 1913
Government v. Philippine Streamship Co., Inc. G.R. No.
18957, January 16,1923
Smith Bell and Company v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
56294, May 20, 1991

4. Shipwrecks, Arts. 840 to 843

(a) Salvage Law (Act No. 2616)

G. Urrutia & Company v. The Pasig Steamer and Lighter

Co.. G.R. No, 7294, March 22, 1912
Erlanger & Galinger v. Swedish East Asiatic Co. Ltd, 34
Phil 178
Atlantic, Gulf & Pacific Company v Uchida Kisen Kaisha,
G.R. No. L-15871, November 7, 1921
Barrios v. Go Thong, 7 SCRA 535

E. Special Contracts of Maritime Commerce

1. Charter Parties
a. Definition
b. Kinds

Planters Products v. CA, supra

Coastwise Lighterage Corp. v. CA, 245 SCRA 796
Caltex Philippines v. Sulpicio Lines, 315 SCRA 709
 2. Loans on Bottomry and Respondentia
a. Loan on Bottomry, defined
b. Loan on Respondentia, defined
c. Character of Loan, Art. 719

F. Bill of Lading

1. Contents, Art. 706, 707,713, 714

2. Probative Value, Arts. 709, 710

Magellan Manufacturing Marketing Corporation v. Court of

Appeals, et al., 201 SCRA 102
Nedlloyd Lijnen v. Glow Laks Enterprises, supra

G. Passenger on Sea Voyage

1. Nature of Contracts, Art. 695

2. Obligations of Passengers, Arts. 693, 699, 704, 694, 700
3. Rights of Passengers, Arts. 697, 698

Sweet Lines v. CA, 121 SCRA 769

Trans-Asia Shipping v. CA, 254 SCRA 260

J. Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (Commonwealth Act No. 65;

Public Act. No. 521, 74th US Congress)

Eastern Shipping v. IAC, 150 SCRA 463

Ang v. American Steamship Agencies, 19 SCRA 123
F.H. Stevens v. Nordeutscher, 6 SCRA 180

VI. Air Transportation

A. International Air Transportation

(Unless otherwise indicated, reference is to the Warsaw

Convention, 51 O.G. 5084; Presidential Proclamation No. 201, 51,
O.G. 4933 [Oct. 1995]

1. Constitutionality

Santos v. Northwest, 210 SCRA 256

2. When applicable, Art. 1(1)

3. Liabilities under the Convention, Arts. 17, 18, 19
 Northwest v. Cuenca, 14 SCRA 1063
Alitalia v. IAC, 192 SCRA 10

4. Limitations on Liability, Art. 22

Pan Am v. IAC, 164 SCRA 268

5. When limitations unavailable, Art 3, 25

TWA v CA, 165 SCRA 143

6. Conditions on Imposition of Liability, Art 26, 28, 29

Santos v. Northwest, supra

Luna v. Court of Appeals, 216 SCRA 107
Lhuillier v. British Airways, G.R. No 171092, March 15, 2010
PAL v. Savillo, G.R. No 149547, July 4, 2008
United Airlines v Uy, G.R. No. 127768, November 19, 1999

B. Passenger Rights

Joint DOTC-DTI Administrative Order No. 01, Series of 2012