List of symbols

cdf Cumulative distribution function

E-type Conditional expectation estimate obtained by point-wise
averaging of simulated realizations
EDA Elementary data analysis
FFT Fast Fourier Transform
GSLIB Geostatistical software library, as in Deutsch and Journel
(1998)
IK Indicator kriging
KT Kriging with a trend
LVM Kriging with a local varying mean
M-type Conditional median estimate
MM1 Markov Model 1
MM2 Markov Model 2
mp Multiple-point
OK Ordinary kriging
P-P plot Probabilityprobability plot
pdf Probability density function
Q-Q plot Quantilequantile plot
RF Random function
RV Random variable
SGeMS Stanford Geostatistical Modeling Software
SK Simple kriging
Ti Training image

Orthogonal
Whatever

xv
xvi List of symbols

, , Rotation angles for -azimuth, -dip and rake

(h) Stationary semivariogram model
(Z (u ), Z (u )) Semivariogram value between any two random variables
Z (u ) and Z (u )
(h) Experimental semivariogram
(l) lth component of a nested semivariogram model
i j (h) Cross semi-variogram model between any two random vari-
ables Z i (u) and Z j (u + h)
, (u) Kriging weight associated to datum location u for estima-
tion at location u. The superscripts (SK), (OK), (KT) are
used when necessary to differentiate between various types
of kriging
 Kriging weights matrix
 Scaling matrix
Column matrix of the n(u) kriging weights
 Rotation matrix
i nu parameter for the ith attribute
Parameter of a power function; or a servosystem factor
lti () Low tail extrapolation function
uti () Upper tail extrapolation function
(h) Stationary correlogram [1, +1]
2 Variance
SK2
(u) Kriging variance of Z (u). The subscripts (SK), (OK), (KT)
are used when necessary to differentiate between various
types of kriging
g
TJ Expanded search template in the gth multiple grid
i tau parameter for the ith attribute
TJ A search template with J nodes

C B B  , C(V, V ) Block-to-block covariance model
C P B , C(u,
V (s)) Point-to-block covariance model
h Coordinates offset vector, or a lag vector
hj Offset of the jth node in the search template from its center
D Column matrix of n(u) residual data values z(u ) m
Di Data vector involving i multiple data locations
{Di = di , i = 1, . . . , n}
K Data-to-data square covariance matrix
k Data-to-unknown covariance matrix
prot Prototype of a categorical variable
A No-A
 List of symbols xvii

u Coordinates vector
u , u Data locations
v Block volume, or a set of points
a Range parameter
ai (u) Coefcient of component number k of the trend model
B Block data
B(v ) A linear average value within a block volume v
BV (s) A linear average value within a block V centered at location
s
C(0) Covariance value at separation vector h = 0. It is also the
stationary variance of random variable Z (u)
C(h) Covariance between any two random variables Z (u) and
Z (u + h) separated by vector h
cl Variance contribution of the lth nested semi-variogram model
CR Error covariance matrix
Ci j (h) Cross covariance between any two random variables Z i (u)
and Z j (u) separated by vector h
cmin Minimum number of pattern replicates
dev Local conditioning data event
dev J Local conditioning data event found by search template TJ
E {} Expected value
Exp() Exponential semi-variogram function
F Number of lters
f (h j ) Filter weight associated with the jth template node
F(u, z) Cumulative distribution function of random variable Z (u)
F(z) Cumulative histogram of RV
f (z) Probability density function or histogram
F 1 ( p) Inverse cumulative distribution function or quantile function
for the probability value p [0, 1]
fx , f y , fz Afnity factor in each X/Y/Z direction
FZ Marginal cdf of random function Z
G() Standard normal cumulative distribution function
G 1 ( p) Standard normal quantile function such that
G(G 1 ( p)) = p [0, 1]
hx , h y, hz Variogram ranges in X/Y/Z directions
I (u; z k ) Binary indicator random function at location u and for
cutoff z k
i(u; z k ) Binary indicator value at location u and for cutoff z k
I (u; z k ) Indicator estimator for cutoff z k
i (u; z k ) Indicator kriging estimated value for cutoff z k
xviii List of symbols

ISK (u) Indicator kriging estimator of categorical indicator Ik (u)
Ik (u) Binary indicator random function at location u and for
category k
i k (u) Binary indicator value at location u and for category k
K Number of categories
L A known linear averaging function
M Median of an RF
m Mean value of a random variable
m(u) Mean function at location u; expected value of random vari-
able Z (u); or trend component model in the decomposition
Z (u) = m(u) + R(u), where R(u) is the residual component
model
m (u) Estimate of the trend component or locally varying mean at
location u
N (h) Number of data pairs separated by vector h
n(u) n conditioning data found in a neighborhood centered at u
nk Number of patterns whose center takes a specic value k
P Point data
p Probability value
pkc Current proportion of category k simulated so far
pkt Target proportion of category k
p0 Prior probability of the event occurring
pat Training pattern
Prob {} Probability function
pr ot Prototype of a continuous variable
q( p) = F 1 ( p) Quantile function for the probability value p [0, 1]
R(u) Residual random function model at location u in the decom-
position Z (u) = m(u) + R(u), where m(u) is the trend
component model
r (u) Residual value at location u
ri Azimuth rotation angle in rotation region i
rs (u) Simulated residual value at location u
S A set of locations u, or a deposit
STk (u) The kth+ lter score value of pattern pat (u) found by search
template T
Sph() Spherical semi-variogram function
t (u) Training image nodal value at location u
V, V (u) A block centered at location u
Var {} Variance
xi Prior distance to a given probability, used in the tau model
 List of symbols xix

Z (u) Generic random variable at location u, or a generic random

function of location u
z(u) Generic variable function of location u
z(u ) z datum value at location u
Z (u) Kriging estimator of Z (u). The subscripts (SK), (OK), (KT)
are used when necessary to differentiate between various
types of kriging
z (u) An estimate of value z(u)
z E (u) Conditional expectation, or E-type, obtained as point-wise
arithmetic average of multiple realizations z (l) (u)
z M (u) M-type estimated value, where z M (u) has a 50% chance to
be higher (or lower) than the actual unknown value

z Ks (u) Kriging estimate built from the simulated value z s (u )

z LVM (u) Estimated value with local varying mean at location u
(l)
z (u) lth realization of the random function Z (u)
z (l)
V (u) The simulated value over a block V averaged from the lth
point support realization z (l) (u)
zk kth threshold value for the continuous attribute z
Z cs (u) Conditional simulated random variable at location u
z cs (u) Conditional simulated value at location u