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Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of a surfactant


is a measure of the degree to which it is hydrophilic
or lipophilic, determined by calculating values for
the different regions of the molecule, as described
by Griffin in 1949[1] and 1954.[2] Other methods
have been suggested, notably in 1957 by Davies.[3]

Griffin's method
Griffin's method for non-ionic surfactants as
described in 1954 works as follows:

where is the molecular mass of the hydrophilic


portion of the molecule, and M is the molecular
mass of the whole molecule, giving a result on a HLB scale showing classification of surfactant function
scale of 0 to 20. An HLB value of 0 corresponds to
a completely lipophilic/hydrophobic molecule, and
a value of 20 corresponds to a completely hydrophilic/lipophobic molecule.

The HLB value can be used to predict the surfactant properties of a molecule:

< 10 : Lipid-soluble (water-insoluble)


> 10 : Water-soluble (lipid-insoluble)
1.5 to 3: anti-foaming agent[1]
3 to 6: W/O (water in oil) emulsifier
7 to 9: wetting and spreading agent[1]
13 to 15: detergent[1]
12 to 16: O/W (oil in water) emulsifier
15 to 18: solubiliser or hydrotrope[1]

Davies' method
In 1957, Davies suggested a method based on calculating a value based on the chemical groups of the molecule.
The advantage of this method is that it takes into account the effect of stronger and weaker hydrophilic groups.
The method works as follows:[3]

where:

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Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophilic-lipophilic_balance

- Number of hydrophilic groups in the molecule

- Value of the th hydrophilic groups (see tables)

- Number of lipophilic groups in the molecule

Hydrophilic Groups Group Number


-SO4Na+ 38.7

-COOK+ 21.1
-COONa+ 9.4
N (tertiary amine) 9.4
Ester (sorbitan ring) 6.8
Ester (free) 2.4
-COOH 2.1
Hydroxyl (free) 1.9
-O- 1.3
Hydroxyl (sorbitan ring) 0.5

Lipophilic Groups Group Number


-CH- -0.475
-CH2- -0.475
CH3- -0.475
=CH- -0.475

References
1. Griffin, William C. (1949), "Classification of Surface-Active Agents by 'HLB' " (PDF), Journal of the Society of
Cosmetic Chemists 1 (5): 311-26
2. Griffin, William C. (1954), "Calculation of HLB Values of Non-Ionic Surfactants" (PDF), Journal of the Society of
Cosmetic Chemists 5 (4): 249-56
3. Davies JT (1957), "A quantitative kinetic theory of emulsion type, I. Physical chemistry of the emulsifying agent"
(PDF), Gas/Liquid and Liquid/Liquid Interface (Proceedings of the International Congress of Surface Activity),
pp. 42638

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Categories: Surfactants

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