INTRODUCTION

Nongovernmental organizations, or NGOs, are generally accepted to be

organizations which have not been established by governments or agreements
among governments. It is task-oriented and driven by people with a common interest, NGOs
perform a variety of service and humanitarian functions, bring citizen concerns to Governments,
advocate and monitor policies and encourage political participation through provision of
information. Some are organized around specific issues, such as human rights, environment or
health. They provide analysis and expertise, serve as early warning mechanisms and help
monitor and implement international agreements. Their relationship with offices and agencies of
the United Nations system differs depending on their goals, their venue and the mandate of a
particular institution (Carolyn Stephenson 2005).

Faith-based organization is an organization whose values are based on faith and/or beliefs, which
has a mission based on social values of the particular faith, and which most often draws its
activists (leaders, staff, volunteers) from a particular faith group.

Community based organizations (CBO's) are nonprofit groups that work at a local level to improve life
for residents. The focus is to build equality across society in all streams health care, environment, quality
of education, access to technology, access to spaces and information for the disabled. The purpose of
CBOs is to plan, implement, and monitor social and economic development programs and provide
technical and financial help to communities.

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity (WHO, 1948).

Development is viewed into two levels, at the level of an individual it implies increased skills
and capacity, greater freedom, creativity, self discipline, responsibility and material wellbeing, at
the level of social group it implies an increased capacity to regulate both the internal and external
relation. W.Rodney(1976).
 Non-Governmental Organization is contributing in the development of Health sectors into
different ways in Tanzania. For example, of roles and responsible organizations are as follows
below on table 1.The role of NGOs in tabular form with its examples
Roles of NGOs
Advocacy(policy making process)
Research programs
Provision of services such as
HIV/AIDS prevention and control.
Empowerment and capacity building such as
fighting against Malaria in Tanzania (the
prevention of Malaria in children under five
years), through health education on how to
prevent, mosquito nets distribution and
Medication.
Family planning, they provide health
education and the use of family planning
methods in order to afford and meet basic
needs of the whole family.
Prevention of TB and Leprosy (early
diagnosis and treatment)
Examples of NGOs
Civil Society in Tanzania (CSOs) they try to advance in policies
and institutional. TACAIDS (The Tanzanian Commission for
AIDS). WHO (World Health Organization.
AMREF (The African Medical and Research Foundation). WHO
(World Health Organization).
International management accountancy (IMA).
USAIDS They supports(MOHSW) to increase the effectiveness of
PMTCT, ART, VMMC, vulnerable children services and child
protection, and community-based services and linkages to promote
ART adherence and retention in care,
AMREF (The African Medical and Research Foundation).
TUNAJALI they Improved access to quality and comprehensive
HIV care and treatment services.
TAM (Together Against Malaria) responsible for pregnant mothers
and children <5 years.
AFM(African fighting Malaria)
USAID-they provide mosquito nets, free treatment of Malaria<5
years and pregnant mothers.
Engender Health provides family planning services in Tanzania.
PSI (Population Service International).
UNDFP They spread family planning message and services to the
community (Health education).
NTLP-National Tuberculosis and Leprosy program.
PASADA (Pastoral Activity and services for people with AIDS in
Dar es salaam) operates health services for HIV and TB patients,
WHO (World Health Organization).
Screening of cancer (cervical) and treatment Ocean road health facility
in early stages, Programs aim to provide International management accountancy(IMA)
adequate screening (Mara Region). USAID.

In Tanzania faith-based organizations (FBOs) are the key link in sustainability of accessible
health care and represent huge potential in the effort to strengthen human resources for health
(HRH).

The role of FBOs in tabular form with its examples as follows below in table 2.

Roles of FBOs in Health sector development
Advocacy (Policymaking process).
Provision of services (promotion, prevention,
and curative services) such as Health
Examples of FBOs in Health sector development
Civil society in Tanzania they express interests of social groups and
raises awareness of key issues to influence policy and decision
making. IMF (International Monetary fund) involves with
structural and social policies in support of growth and poverty
reduction. AMREF (The African Medical and Research
Foundation).
AIDs relief they address the global HIV/AIDS epidemic and help save
the lives of those suffering from the disease in Africa.

Education to strengthen HIV/AIDS prevention. IMA World Health.

The FBOs program has provided antiretroviral
treatment (ART) to infected people and supported
HIV testing and counseling (HTC).
Strengthening Human Recourses for Health
Improve quality of health services through
training health services providers, Provide
essential medical supplies and equipments.
Strengthening behavior change and
communication.
WHO (World Health Organization).
IMA World Health, they provide health services and to build
healthy communities around the world.
CHAs (the African Christianity health Association).
WHO(World Health Organization).
IMA-promotion of health behavior.
CHAs the African Christianity health Association.
TAYOA (Tanzania Youth Alliance) behavior counseling, HIV and
sexual reproductive health education.
Empowerment and capacity building
(training programs) such as strengthening
education and health facilities (provide health
care services).
Health Infrastructure (strengthened).
To improve maternal and new born Health.
IMA World Health
Anglican church (SJUT)
AHS (Anglican health services)
WHO (World Health Organization), Global Health Foundation and
World Vision and Amref Health in Africa.
IMA World Health.
UNFPA( United National Population Fund) Working on three
interventions to save that life, i) universal access to contraception to
avoid unintended pregnancies, ii) access to skilled care during
delivery and iii) rapid access to quality emergency obstetric care
and Global Health action.

Community-based organizations (CBOs) support population health through care coordination,

daily living support, caregiver support, and delivery of evidence-based self-management
programs. Their services are essential in supporting the poor and underserved in maintaining
their health and housing. Their services promote health care delivery goals of better care for
 individuals health for the population, and lower cost through improvement as shown below on
table 3.
Roles of CBOs in Health sector Development
Research programs
Capacity building and training-CBOs provide
Health Education on prevention Measures of
chronic condition such as Diabetes and self-
management.
Access to safe water and Basic Sanitation.
Provision of services (promotion, prevention,
and curative services such as to provides
Health care services.
Floods Management.
Environment Management System,
Examples of CBOs in health sector development in Tanzania
WHO (World Health Organization).AMREF (The African Medical and
Research Program. TACAIDS (The Tanzania commission for AIDS.
WHO (World Health Organization).
NCD(non communicable diseases)
CDC (Centre of Disease control and Prevention).
SWIM-safe water international Ministry.
CDC (water and sanitation)
NSP- World Bank Water and sanitation
TACAIDS (The Tanzanian Commission for AIDS) were collecting
data on knowledge and behavior regarding HIV/AIDS and
measure HIV prevalence among women and men age 15-49.
ACO (Accountable Care Organization) are group of doctors,
hospitals and other health care providers who came together
voluntarily to give coordinated high quality care to their
Medicare patients).
CCBRT Disability Hospital in providing free treatment of Fistula
in Tanzania.
APEM-Associated Program on Flood Management.
TRCNC-Tanzania Red Cross National Society.
UNEP-United Nations Environmental Program
LEAP (Local environmental Action Planning).
UNEP-Clearing the air and combating air pollution (United
Nation Assembly).
World Vision they respond to various disasters.
 CONCLUSION

Finally NGOs, FBOs and CBOs contributing at a maximum in health sector development and reaching
many people whose the government itself can not in different parts of Tanzania.
 REFERENCES

UNDP: Human Development Report (2002): Deepening Democracy in a Fragmented World.

New York.

Global Forum for Health Research: The 10/90 report on health research 2000. 2001, Geneva:
c/o WHO. Retrieved on 28th December 2016.
Butterfoss FD: Coalitions and partnerships in community health (2007), San Francisco, CA, US:
Jossey-BassBarton-Villagrana H, Bedney BJ, Miller RL: Peer relationships among community-
based organizations (CBO) providing HIV prevention services.

ST JOHNS UNIVERSITY OF TANZANIA

 INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
Sno. student name registration faculty signature Presentation Report Total
no. score score
1 MOSES A MATOLA 2015/1081 SONU
2 CATHERINE PIMA 2015/1229 SONU
3 JOHN CLEOPA 2015/1232 SONU
4 NEEMA AMBROSE 2015/1448 SONU
5 ELIZABETH FIDELIS 2015/1401 SONU

QUESTION: In tabular form briefly explain the role of NGOs, FBOs and CBOs in Health
sector development in Tanzania.

SEMINAR GROUP AND SUB GROUP: GROUP 4 SUB-GROUP 1.

SEMINAR DAY: MONDAY

TIME OF SEMINAR: 1800-1900.

SEMINAR LEADER:

VENUE: SR 3.

ACADEMIC YEAR 2016/2017

SUBMISSION DATE 1st JANUARY 2017