Biotechnology for Bioengineers

HW2
2/13/17

Chapter 21 Genes, Genomes, and Chromosomes

1) A bacterial genome is packaged into a nucleoid, which is organized mainly by:

A) interactions with protein.
B) being bound within a nuclear membrane.
C) supercoiling of the DNA.
D) having many attachment points to the cell membrane.
E) being wrapped around histone proteins.

2) Approximately how much of the human genome has a biological function?

A) 90%
B) 80%
C) 60%
D) 50%
E) 40%

3) Heterochromatin is transcriptionally active.

FALSE

4) The human genome contains one gene for every protein that can be translated from the
mRNA.

False

5) The linker histone H1 has a high proportion of the following amino acid residue.
A) Leucine
B) Lysine
C) Isoleucine
D) Asparagine
E) Histidine

1
6) In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are organized into a DNA-protein complex known as
chromatin.

True

7) The post-translational modifications of histone proteins have functional roles in gene

expression.

True

8) The repeating unit of chromatin is known as the ________.

Nucleosome

9) Nucleosomal core particles contain ________ bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer.

146

10) If 10.4 bp of DNA represents a linear length of 3.4 nm, how long (in meters) would one copy
of the human genome (~3 109 bp) be if all of the DNA was placed end to end in a linear
fashion?

0.98 meters

11) Restriction-modification systems:

A) exist in all organisms as a protection against foreign DNA invasion.
B) include a site-specific exonuclease to degrade foreign DNA.
C) modify DNA by acetylation.
D) include a DNA methylase and an endonuclease.
E) include three types of endonuclease all of which cleave within a specific DNA target
sequence.

12) The ________ activity associated with restriction-modification systems is able to flip out the
target base from the DNA.
Answer: DNA methylase
Objective: 21.4
Global LO: G7

\13) Random variations among human genome sequences can result in gain or loss of ________
endonuclease cleavage sites.

Restriction

14) Calculate the number of times a recognition site for a 4 bp restriction endonuclease is likely
to occur in the diploid human genome

2.4 x 10^7
2
15) Southern blotting and hybridization is a technique that uses specific probes to analyze:
A) restriction fragment length polymorphisms.
B) complex mixtures of any nucleic acid.
C) centromeres or telomeres on condensed chromosomes.
D) DNA fingerprints.
E) both A and D.

16) If a PCR reaction starts out with 20 double-stranded DNA targets, how many specific PCR
products could be formed after 35 cycles of denaturation, annealing and extension.

20 x 2^35