Académique Documents
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Students Book
VISION ONE
Students Book
La Habana, 2010
Diseo de cubierta: D. I. J. Manuel Oubia
ISBN 978-959-212-592-6
The author gratefully acknowledges two close friends and colleagues who volunteered some of
the materials used in this book:
Jacqueline Rosales Moreno, B.Ed. (Santiago de Cuba), in particular, deserves my thanks for
designing the reading materials for exercise 8 (Introductory Unit), exercises 6 and 16 (Unit 2),
exercise 6 (unit 3), exercise 7 (unit 4), and exercises 1,2,3,4 for the Complementary Unit.
A similar vote of thanks goes to Juana Hernndez Fernndez, B.Ed. (Cienfuegos), who designed
the contents about adverbs and exercises 1 to 7 , for unit 8.
I am immensely indebted to Jacqueline and Juana, especially because I missed the
acknowledgement of their authorships in the first edition.
The author is also grateful to the many teachers who have made valuable comments and
suggestions on the first impression of this book, and which have made this second edition a better
textbook for our students.
JSL
Contents
Vision One is designed for false beginners who need to improve their mastery of the English language up
to a pre- intermediate level. The book covers the four basic skills ( listening, speaking, reading, writing),
and aims at developing your knowledge (vocabulary, phonetics, grammar, culture) and values systems.
The book follows an eclectic methodology, which means that some exercises are based on proven fruitful
and practical ideas from different methodologies, although the majority of the exercises belong to the
communicative approach; that is why you will see that most of the time you will have to work in pairs or
in small groups.
The length of the course to teach the book is about 120 hours of class instruction time. Since it is a self-
contained book, this length will vary according to the number of exercises the teacher will develop in class
and those that will be assigned as homework.
The goal to achieve is your preparation for effective communication in the everyday situations you may
encounter in real life.
1
B) Dictation
1)_______ 2)________ 3)__________ 4)________ 5)_______
6)_______ 7)________ 8)_________ 9)________ 10)_______
B) Dictation:
1) ________ 2)____________ 3)____________
4) ________ 5)___________ 6)_____________
B) Dictation
1)____________ 2)_______________ 3)_______________
4)____________ 5)_______________ 6)_______________
Pair Work Practice. Write 3 phone numbers and dictate them to your partner.
2
Practice 5: The Alphabet
A)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A B C D E F G
1) AE BE DE
2) AD AE AB
3) AGG EGG GEE
4) AFE ACE AGE
5) BEE BED BEB
6) FEED BEED CEED
7) FAGE FADE FACE
8) CAGED CEGED CAEED
Practice 6:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
H I J K L M N O P
B) Dictation
1)_________ 2)___________ 3)__________ 4)____________
5)_________ 6)___________ 7)__________ 8) ___________
Practice 7:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Q R S T U V W X Y Z
3
Pair Work Practice. Write 3 names/ surnames and spell them to your partner.
1 30 40 50
2 40 60 80
3 60 90 70
4 90 80 50
5 40 70 90
1 25 35 45
2 65 75 25
3 35 85 95
4 15+ 55 15+ 45 15+ 65
5 65+ 25 65+ 85 65 + 45
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4) 632 762 182
5) 974 864 468
6) 259 592 925
7) 799 979 997
8) 356 536 635
9) 899 999 799
10) 128 145 268
B) Dictation
1)_____ 2) ______ 3) _____ 4) _____ 5) _____ 6) _____
7)_____ 8) ______ 9) ______ 10)_____ 11)_____ 12) _____
Example:
A: Hello. Is that 830- 5395?
B: Sorry. Wrong number. This is 830- 3595
5
II) Personal Pronouns and Forms of To BE
6
III) Grammar Focus: Moving the Underlined Word in Yes/ No Questions.
To form yes/ No questions notice how the underlined word (a form of BE) is moved to the front of the
sentence:
Affirmative: Joan is on the bus
Yes / No question: Is Joan on the bus?
Remember the possible short answers for these questions:
Yes, I am No, Im not
Yes, you are No, you arent
Yes, he is No, he isnt
Yes, she is No, she isnt
Yes, it is No, it isnt
Yes, we are No, we arent
Yes, they are No, they arent
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Exercise 4. Pair Work. Ask these questions to your partner.
1) Are you Mexican?
2) Is Julio Iglesias Spanish?
3) Are Steve Wonder and Madonna Jamaicans?
4) Is Montreal in Canada?
5) Are Cuban ballet dancers famous?
6) Is China in Africa?
7) Is Mariana Grajales an example for Cuban women?
8) Are nurses important in hospitals?
IV) Grammar Focus: Alternative Questions.
Observe how to ask an alternative question and a way to answer it:
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Exercise 7. Group Work: Ten Questions.
Think of a famous person. The rest of the members of the group will ask YES/ NO questions.
Example:
Is it a man?
Is he / she?
USEFUL WORDS: Actor, actress, writer, doctor, sportsperson, politician, singer, young / old ,Cuban,
American, Spanish, Mexican, Colombian, Italian.
Exercise 8. Reading.
Read the following text and answer these questions:
1) Is Christine from Brazil?
2) Is she twenty three years old?
3) Is she a teacher?
4) Is Brian a mechanic?
5) Is he twenty two years old?
Who am I?
My name is Christine Coffman . Im from Amsterdam, Netherlands. Im twenty three years old and Im
a secretary. Im not married. My boyfriend is a mechanic. His name is Brian and he is twenty four .
Exercise 9. Listening.
Listen to two teachers talking about their new students. Write T (true) or F (false).
1) ____ It is afternoon now.
2) ____ Florence and Harold are teachers.
3) ____ Florence is not happy with the new students.
4) ____ Two students are from South America.
5) ____ Li Mai is from China.
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d) his/ her neighbor is a Psychology student.
Then, answer the questions he/ she will ask you.
Student B. You are a nursing student. A dentistry student is asking you some questions. Answer his / her
questions; then ask / him / her if:
a) he/she is 21 years old.
b) his girlfriend / her boyfriend is Cuban.
c) his/her English teacher is flexible.
d) English is interesting.
e) his/her parents are health technologists.
a) He is weak.
b) They are on a plane.
c) Is Silvio Rodrguez a famous singer?
d) Are you a nursing student or a medical student?
e) I am not from Matanzas.
f) Spell your name.
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Unit 2. Making an Appointment.
I) Conversation
Its Monday morning, January 14.
Nurse: Doctors office. Good morning.
Mrs. Sanders: Good morning. My name is Sanders. Mrs. Jill Sanders. I would like to see a doctor. I want
to make an appointment with Dr. Johnson.
Nurse: Mrs. Sanders, I am Nurse Matthews, Dr. Johnsons nurse. Whats the matter?
Mrs. Sanders: I feel terrible, nurse. I dont vomit frequently but I have nausea all the time.
Nurse: Can you come to our doctors office on Wednesday at 2 oclock?
Mrs. Sanders: Pardon? What time?
Nurse: At 2 oclock.
Mrs. Sanders: Yes, I can go at 2 oclock. Thank you.
Nurse: Well, see you on Wednesday, Mrs. Sanders. Goodbye.
Mrs. Sanders: Goodbye.
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Exercise 1. Role play.
Use this information to establish a similar dialogue to that of the conversation above.
Student A: You are a nurse. Your name is Anderson. You can give the patient an appointment for
tomorrow at 9 oclock.
Student B: You are a patient. You are Mr./ Mrs./ Ms You want to make an appointment with Dr.
Jackson. The problem is that you have headaches.
Exercise 4. What do these people want to do? Use the verbs given below.
eat in a cafeteria - learn computing - see a doctor - finish the homework - visit Paris -
catch a coach .
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IV) Grammar Focus: Talking about Medical Problems.
- I have nausea
- She has hepatitis
Exercise 6. Reading.
Whats the matter with my family?
My name is Stella and I have a problem: my family is sick. Mom has a terrible headache and Dad has
conjunctivitis. My two sisters have a virus. My sister Marianne has a fever, and my other sister, Adela,
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has diarrhea. All my body hurts, so I think I have the flu. We have an appointment at 10 am with our
family doctor. We really want to get better rapidly because we are going on vacation next week!
True or False ?
a) This family has five people . T F
b) Mom has a stomachache . T F
c) Marianne has diarrheaT F
d) The appointment is in the morningT F
e) They want to stay at home next week .. T F
Exercise 7. Writing.
Write about an imaginary family in a similar way. Use words from exercise 5.
Exercise 8. Listening.
A doctor is reviewing the clinical histories with his nurse. Tick () the medical problems they mention in
their conversation.
Stomachache Headaches
Hepatitis Diarrhea
Constipation Conjunctivitis
Fever Nausea
Vertigo Shortness of breath
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Follow this example:
A: Can you speak English? B: - Yes, I can speak English (very well)
- Yes, I can speak English (but not very well)
- No, I cant.
1) Can you cook?
2) Can you dance?
3) Can you inject a patient?
4) Can you take the vital signs?
5) Can you work in another country?
6) Can you read English?
7) Can you play volleyball?
Exercise 10. What can these people do? What cant they do?
Carter Play the guitar Watkins - Work Kim and Shiban - Dance
- Doctors office
- Dr. Johnsons nurse
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Exercise 11. Study this family tree:
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VII) Grammar Focus: Expressing Possession ( 2 ).
Personal Pronouns Possessive Adjectives
I My
You Your
He His
She Her
It Its
We Our
They Their
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A: What is _________ name?
B:________ name is Roland.
Exercise 15. Pair Work.
Pointing to one or two students in your class, ask your partner these questions:
a) What is his/ her name?
b) What are their names?
Exercise 16. Reading.
The following text describes a family. Read it and
a) Say if these sentences are True (T ), False (F) or you dont know ( ? ).
1 _____ Adam is Peters grandfather.
2 _____ Bens daughter has black hair.
3 _____ Peters brother has dark hair.
4 _____ Frank is Alfreds brother.
5 _____ Alfred is married.
6 _____ Adam and Lauras granddaughters are twins.
7 _____ Ben doesnt have any sisters.
8 _____ Martha doesnt have a husband.
.
My Family
My names Rose and my husbands name is Ben. We have three children, two sons and a daughter. Our
sons names are Eric and Peter. Theyre twins, but not identical twins. Eric has dark hair, but Peters hair
is fair. Our daughters name is Jane. Shes ten years old. The boys are six.
My fathers name is Adam and my mothers name is Laura. I have two younger brothers, called Frank and
Alfred. Frank is married. His wifes name is Jennifer. Shes from France and she has short, fair hair. They
have a daughter called Nancy. So my parents have four grandchildren, two grandsons and two
granddaughters.
My husband has an older sister, but he doesnt have any brothers. His sisters name is Martha. Shes
single.
b) Draw Rose s family tree.
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Exercise 17. Pair Work. Look at this timetable:
Subject Time
English 8 oclock
History 10:30 am
Nursing 11:45 am
Computing 1 oclock
Morphophysiology 3:15 pm
Maggie Flu
Sean Asthma
73
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i) Pardon? What time is the English lesson?
Unit 3. What a hectic week!
I) Conversation
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II) Grammar Focus: There is
Exercise 1. Write about some of the activities in school this week. Follow the examples in the box
above.
Activity Place Day Time
Dentistry practice Simulation lab Monday 7:30
Raven test Auditorium Tuesday 9:00
Handover report Gynecological ward Wednesday 7:00
Ward round Medical ward Thursday 10:15
Morphology lecture Classroom 3 Friday 11:30
Exercise 3. Answer these questions about your classroom, house and hometown. Use There is/
There are
1) How many students are there in the classroom?
2) How many tables are there in the classroom?
3) How many lamps are there in the classroom?
4) How many doors are there in the classroom?
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5) How many windows are there in the classroom?
6) How many teachers are there in the classroom?
7) How many chairs are there in the classroom?
8) How many blackboards are there in the classroom?
9) How many rooms are there in your house?
10) How many beds are there in the bedrooms?
11) How many bedside tables are there in the bedrooms?
12) How many wardrobes or closets are there?
13) How many mirrors are there in your bedroom?
14) How many electric fans are there in your house?
15) How many rocking chairs are there in your house?
16) How many cupboards or shelves are there in the dining- room?
17) How many picture frames are there in your house?
18) How many blenders are there in the kitchen?
19) How many rice cookers are there?
20) How many counters are there in the kitchen?
21) How many TV sets are there in your house?
22) How many restaurants and cafeterias are there in your hometown?
23) How many parks are there?
24) How many bus stops are there in your town?
25) How many shops are there in your town?
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A plant pot
An ornamental, indoor plant
Useful words and expressions: There is/ There are
Prepositions: on, at, behind, between, in, in front of.
Exercise 5. Listening.
Listen to Barry and Julia discussing where to go this weekend. Tick () if they plan to go or not.
Exercise 6. Reading.
A) Read the text below about a hospital ward and answer these questions about it:
a) How many rooms are there in Mrs. Mannerss ward?
b) Are there four doctors?
c) How many nurses are there?
d) What is there in the front?
e) How many telephones are there?
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f) How many chairs are there in that ward?
g) Is there a lounge?
h) What is there at the back of the ward?
My Ward
I am Nurse Manners . My ward is a large area. There are 12 rooms on the floor with two beds to a room.
There are four doctors, some medical students, eight nurses and 14 nursing students. There is a counter in
the front and there are four desks. There are two telephones, five or six chairs and six racks on wheels that
contain all the patients clinical histories. There is a lounge. There is also a small bathroom, a utility
room, and a small kitchen. There is a linen room at the back of the ward.
B) Can you explain the meaning of these words?
- Hospital floor.
- Counter.
- Desk.
- Rack on wheels.
- Clinical history.
- Lounge.
- Linen room.
Exercise 7. Writing.
Write a paragraph describing your classroom, house, or hometown. Use ideas and words from the
previous exercises.
Begin like this:
In my classroom, there isnt a. but there are, or
In my hometown, there are but there arent any
In my house, there is and there are
IV) Grammar Focus: Describing daily habits and routines (the present simple).
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Notice how these verbs change in the third person singular:
I- You- We- They He- She
Bring Brings
Start Starts
Cook Cooks
Get Gets
Have Has
Give Gives
Take Takes
Live Lives
Come Comes
Finish Finishes
Watch Watches
Go Goes
Study Studies
Copy Copies
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b) Maura sends emails every day. Write a paragraph describing the steps she follows to email a friend.
Use the ideas in the previous item.
b) Change your partner. Now talk to another student about the classmate you interviewed before.
Start like this: He / She listens to music and/ but he / she doesnt
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Student B: You are a Psychology professor. You interview the applicants who want to study Psychology
at college. And you answer the questions they want to ask about college. The applicant you have to
interview now is a worker. Greet the student, ask him to sit down, and get the following information:
a) Where he/she works now.
b) What he/ she does there.
c) What time he /she starts work.
d) When he/ she finishes work.
VI) Conversation
It is 2 oclock, Wednesday afternoon, January 16.
Dr. Johnson: Good afternoon, Mrs. Sanders. Please, sit down.
Patient: Thank you, doctor.
Doctor: What brings you to my office today?
Patient: Well, I feel nauseated every day
Doctor: When? In the morning?
Patient: Well, I usually feel like this in the morning, but sometimes in the afternoon or evening.
Doctor: Do you have any headaches?
Patient: No, never.
Doctor: How old are you, Mrs. Sanders?
Patient: I am 23.
Doctor: Are you married?
Patient: Yes, I am.
Doctor: When did you last have your menstruation?
Patient: Oh, that is another problem. I had my period in November but I didnt have it in December.
Doctor: Well, Mrs. Sanders. I am going to refer you to a gynecologist.
Patient: A gynecologist? Why?
Doctor: Because I think you are pregnant, that is why.
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VII) Grammar Focus: Adverbs of Frequency.
Exercise 14. Put the adverbs of frequency in the correct place. Then practice the conversations with
a partner.
A: What do you do on Sunday? (usually)
B: I sleep till late (always)
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Exercise 16. Preferences.
What do these people like to do? Where do they do that? When?
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e) Who sometimes goes out on Saturday?
f) Who often feels headaches?
30
b) She is very healthy.
c) How many beds are there in your ward?
d) There is a linen room at the back of the ward.
e) She sometimes complains of nausea.
f) He always gets up at 7.
g) Do you like Health Technology?
h) Where does she live?
Are you ready for Progress Test I? Follow your teachers instructions.
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Unit 4. Yesterday and Tomorrow.
The following news items appeared in Juventud Rebelde electronic newspaper a few days ago. Do
the pieces of information in the articles refer to present or past events?
Exercise 1. Read the bits of information in the three articles and say if the following ideas are True (T),
False (F) or Not Clearly Stated (NCS). Justify the item(s) you classify as F.
a) Only the National Symphonic Orchestra played at the gala concert.
b) Some relevant figures in culture and politics were present.
c) The Sandino tanker belongs to TRANSALBA.
d) The tanker started operations already.
e) Fidel said he really liked being with the journalists.
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I) Grammar Focus: The Past Simple.
Notice how regular verbs change from present to past. Pay attention to the three different
pronunciations of ed:
Present Past
Start Started
Cook Cooked
Finish Finished
Watch Watched
Live Lived
Study Studied
But notice how irregular verbs change:
Present Past
Bring Brought
Get Got
Have Had
Give Gave
Come Came
Take Took
Go Went
Exercise 2. Do you remember Margarets description of a typical day in her week (exercise 8, previous
unit). Transform her paragraph from present simple to past simple.
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B: No, I ___________. I ___________ to the park (go)
Exercise 5. Listening.
Listen to Mark and Sue talking about what they did yesterday and correct the sentences below.
1) Mark went to the library in the morning:__________________________
2) Mark had an English lesson:___________________________________
3) Mark started the Physiology extra- class work: ____________________
4) Sue keyboarded the Biochemistry homework:______________________
5) Sue had a nursing practice in the hospital:_________________________
6) Sue and Mark listened to the radio in the evening:___________________
II) Grammar Focus: The Past Simple of To BE.
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Exercise 6. Pair Work.
a) Work with a partner. Interview each other using the questions below.
Exercise 7. Reading.
a) Do you know what keyhole surgery is? Read the text below and find out:
Medicine Develops
Six months ago, during a volleyball game, Sophia injured her back and the doctor told her to rest in bed
for a month.
Sophia is a member of the national volleyball team. She was very depressed at first. But one day, the
doctor told her about a good type of surgery, keyhole surgery, he said. With the help of some special
equipment, surgeons at the orthopedic hospital can now repair many injuries. Sophia made an appointment
and was very happy when she came out of the consultation. The consultant there told her that an operation
could be very successful.
During the operation, via a very small incision in her back, the orthopedic surgeon replaced a damaged
disc in her spinal column.
Sophia started walking a few days after the operation. She reported that her back did not hurt and that she
felt very well. I am going to be in the national team again for the next Olympiad, she said.
b) Now answer these questions about the reading:
1) When did Sophia injure her back?
2) What was the first instruction the team doctor give her?
3) Was she depressed?
4) What can doctors do with keyhole surgery?
5) Where did Sophia make an appointment?
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6) What did the orthopedic surgeon do during the operation?
7) Was the operation successful?
8) What happened after the operation?
Exercise 8. Postcards.
a) Benny went to Guyana to work as a nurse. Read what he wrote in this postcard to Linda, his wife.
Then say if the sentences below are true (T), false (F), or not clearly stated (NCS). Justify the items you
classify as False.
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b) Imagine you are visiting the place pictured in the postcard below. Write a note for a friend you want to
send the postcard to.
Exercise 9. Listening.
Listen to Mr. Mills speaking about some of his memories. Complete the cloze text below.
I _______ born in a small town. It was beautiful and the people _______ very special. I _________ school
when I was five. I ____ very happy at primary school. But when I was twelve I _______ to go to study
junior and senior high schools in the countryside. That _______ a wonderful experience. My classmates
______ terrific and the teachers were superb.
During all those years, we _________ in the plantations in the morning and _________ our lessons in the
afternoon. Then in the evening, except Wednesday, we __________ back to the classrooms to study and
do homework. On Wednesday, we always ______________ films or simply ______________ to music.
Those __________ my favorite years in life.
IIII) Grammar Focus: Talking about future plans and intentions (Going to).
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Exercise 10. Complete these conversations. Then practice them.
A: What _______ you_________ to do on Friday?
B: I ____________________ to study all day long.
A: And what ________ you ________ to do on Sunday?
B: I ________________ to visit my parents.
Exercise 11. This is a page from Margarets diary. What is she going to do next week?
Tritn Winter
Plaza Spring
38
b) The cost of each hotel is $30 a night. If you find a person to go with you to the same hotel and season,
the travel agency will give you 50% off.
Walk round the class asking questions like these:
- When are you going on holiday?
- Where are you going to stay at?
Tell your teacher if you find a companion for vacation.
Exercise 14. Match the questions in column A with the appropriate answers from B.
A B
a) Why do you work as a nurse? ____ Because my sister is coming from her mission in
Africa.
b) Why are you going to the airport? ____ Because she injects people very well.
c) Why doesnt she drink coffee? ____ Because I like to help sick people.
d) Why is Nurse Surez so popular? ____ Because it is the international language.
e) Why is English so important? ____ Because she is hypertensive.
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Exercise 15. Pair Work.
Read the following dialogue with a partner. Follow the instructions below.
A: What are you doing?
B: Im going outside.
A: Why? Why are you going outside?
B: Because I have to do something in private.
Instructions: Role- read the dialogue:
a) angrily / laughingly / dramatically
b) as a dialogue between husband and wife
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REVISION AND EXTENSION EXERCISES I
1) Nobody is in! Pair work.
Take turns. Follow the example given.
Student A. Call these people
a) Mr. Reeves b) Mrs. Sharandon c) Miss Flatt
d) Ms. Clark d) Dr. Swift e) Nurse Holmes
Student B: Answer the phone, but theres nobody in.
Example:
A: Good morning/ afternoon/ evening. Can I speak to Dr. Robson?
B: Sorry. Can you spell that name?
A: R-O-B-S-O-N
B: Oh, Dr. Robson is not in. Im sorry.
A: No, Problem. Ill call him later. Bye.
B: Goodbye.
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a) How do you feel today? Select your answer from the grid above.
b) Tell your partner how you feel and listen to how he/ she feels today.
c) Tell your other classmates how you both feel
Examples:
- I am tired but she is euphoric.
- We both are excited today.
- She is disappointed and I am frustrated.
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a) The package was empty. _______________ in it (nothing)
b) The video film was violent. ______________ in the film (brutal killings)
c) The new shop was very crowded. ______________ (many things in the sale)
d) The rice pudding was too sweet. ________________in it (too much sugar)
e) The streets were very busy this morning. _____________ (a lot of traffic)
7) Commercial Break.
Look at these advertisements from a local paper:
I wont
miss it!
Shine Trounced The
This favourite Summer
local band starts again? Ball
concerts this Red Pants vs Sat.
week. Southern Lions 8pm
The Red Square Kings Baseball The
Sat. 9:30pm Stadium Cowboy
Sun. 3pm Club.
43
f) _______________ an accident in 5th Avenue but ________ very serious.
9) Spidergram.
a) Which words can you link to the words circled?
b) Form 6 sentences using two words from each Spidergram in each sentence. Compare with a partner.
b) Work in pairs
Show your pie chart to your partner. She / he will talk about the information she/ he sees in your
chart, like this: So you want to read a book and you want to watch a video. You also want to dance
and drink beer.
Do the same about your partners likes.
C) Join another pair of students. Talk about your partners interests for the weekend, like this: Arnold
wants to read a book and he wants to watch a video. He also wants to dance and to drink beer.
11) Do you ever? Pair Work.
Take turns.
A: Ask a partner about the things in the list below.
44
B: Answer the questions using always, usually, normally, often, sometimes, rarely, never.
A: Do you ever?
LIST: eat out / speak to strangers / watch the news on TV / drink coffee in the morning / go to bed late /
spend your vacation at the beach / start lessons at 7am / cook at home / go to the cinema.
45
3) What can you have at the Bar- B- Q?
4) Where can you have breakfast? Why?
5) Which restaurants are open every day?
6) From which restaurant can you take food to your house? How do you know?
7) Where can you have a drink before you eat? Why do you say so?
8) Where can you dance? Why?
9) Where can you have a very late dinner? Why?
10) Which restaurant is closed on Sundays? How do you know?
Some young nurses were in the lounge There was a woman who had a little
with a senior doctor. The doctor was baby. One day, she needed to go to the
telling them about an interesting case he shop, but there was no one to look
had: after the baby.
Once I had a patient who believed he The woman also had a big dog. She
would find a treasure that some pirates decided to leave the dog in the babys
buried in his front yard. He spent days room. She closed the front door and
and days digging his yard until his wife went to the shop rapidly.
brought him to the hospital. She told me When she came back, she saw many
her husband was mad. I began treating neighbours in front of the house. They
him. I asked him why he believed there told her the dog was furiously barking
was a treasure in his yard and he said his and that it had blood in its mouth. The
grandfather told him about those pirates woman began to cry. She thought the
and the treasure, and that he believed dog had killed the baby. One of the
what his grandpa said. It took me a week neighbours took a gun and killed the
to, apparently, convince him the idea dog. When they went into the babys
was unreal. Then I discharged the man. room, they found a dead man. The
To my surprise, the man came back a man wanted to kidnap the baby, but
month later. He wanted to give me a the dog had killed him!
present: an old, golden watch. The
treasure really existed!.
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Unit 5. The Consultation.
I) Conversation
Its 9:30am, Tuesday, June 2nd. Jill Sanders is at Dr. Olivers surgery.
Dr: How are you, Mrs. Sanders?
Jill: Im OK. But my baby is certainly growing.
Dr: Yes, I see. Your abdomen is quite big. But I think you are a bit overweight. Now, you are at 23 weeks
gestation, arent you?
Jill: Thats right.
Dr: Do you have the results of the genetic ultrasound?
Jill: Yes. Here you are.
Dr: Well, all is very fine.
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Jill: No complications?
Dr: None. But you should control your diet. Are you taking the vitamin pills?
Jill: Yes, I am.
Dr: Nurse, would you please check Jills weight?
Nurse: Come here, Mrs. Sanders. Get on the scale. Uhmm. 68 kilos.
Jill: Too fat, doctor?
Dr: Yes, due to your height. You are a short woman. We must design a new diet for you. You should eat
more vegetables and fruit and less carbohydrate. But you shouldnt eat extra bread, or too much
riceor....or too much pasta. And cut down on sweets.
Jill: Can I eat fried foods?
Dr: Yes, but do not eat too much. Will you do that?
Jill: If it is for the good health of my baby, I will.
Dr: Very good. The next appointment is at the 27 weeks gestation. Is that all right?
Jill: Of course, doctor.
II) Grammar focus: Things happening/ developing at the moment.
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8 oclock:
11:45:
12 m:
5 oclock:
8 oclock:
10 pm:
Exercise 3. Complete these conversations. Then practice them. Use the present continuous[ Be +
(verb + ing)] .
A: What ___________ you ____________? (do)
B: I _________ ____________________ English (learn)
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A: Where ___________ they _______________? (study)
B: They ___________ ________________ in classroom 7.
Exercise 5. Reading.
My City
My city is very interesting. I like the daily hustle and bustle . At 7:30 in the morning, for example, you can
see that lots of people are driving to work and crowds of children are walking to school. At 8 am all the
offices are opening their doors. And at 9? Well, some people are entering the shops while others are sitting
down on the park benches. At 12 many people return home for lunch, but at 1:45 they are rushing back to
their workplaces.
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At night things are not much more different. Teenagers are talking in the streets or are waiting for their
friends to go to the disco. I really like my city.
Now answer these questions about the reading:
1) What can you see at 7:30 am?
2) What is happening at 8 oclock?
3) Describe the city life at 9am.
4) What are some people doing at 1:45?
5) Describe what young people are doing in the evening.
Exercise 6. Match the sentence beginnings in A with the logic sentence endings in B.
A B
1) Sandra _____ is big. It has 40 beds.
2) Lewis and Jack _____ are necessary for hypertensives.
3) My ward _____ is interesting. I like it.
4) This city _____ is very pretty.
5) Diet and exercise _____ are very intelligent.
Exercise 8. Writing.
Write a paragraph describing your town. The questions below will help you. Use and, but, however.
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a) Where do you live?
b) Is it big or small?
c) Are the streets clean or dirty?
d) Are there many shops?
e) What about restaurants and night- clubs?
f) Are there any parks?
g) Do people go out? Or do they stay in?
h) Are the people friendly or unfriendly?
i) Is it boring or interesting?
j) Do you like it?
Adjectives: punctual, intelligent, easygoing, beautiful, sociable, talkative, handsome, pretty, independent,
tall, reliable, short, amusing, friendly, generous, aggressive, relaxed, impatient, loyal, successful.
Exercise 11. What qualities do you think the people below should have? Use as many adjectives
from the previous exercise as possible. Follow the example below.
a) A husband/ wife
b) A doctor
c) A patient
d) A teacher
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Example: A husband should be loyal and.
Doug, Nick and Craig are in front of a disco. They are talking about their girlfriends. Listen and complete
the missing information.
Exercise 14. Match what the person says in A with the corresponding advice in B.
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A B
1) I have a terrible cold. _____ You shouldnt go out alone at night.
2) All my relatives are coming _____ You should take some herbal tea,
for the carnival. aspirin, and stay in bed.
3) My town is very dangerous. _____ Then you shouldnt smoke.
4) I have a toothache. _____ You shouldnt go abroad without
vaccination.
5) I am hypertensive. _____ You should buy lots of food.
6) I am probably going to _____ You should see a dentist.
work in another country.
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2) What are the pre- disposing factors in his case?
3) What is his medical condition right now?
4) Who is concerned with his life style?
B) As a student of Medical Sciences, what pieces of advice would you give Mr. Lynn?
A B
1) Would you please turn down the radio? Im ___ Of course. Here you are.
studying.
2) Would you please open the windows? ____ No, I cant.
3) Would you please pass me the sugar? ____ Sorry. I didnt remember you
are preparing for a test.
4) Would you please switch on the T.V.? ____ Do you want to watch the news?
5) Would you please come back tomorrow? ____ Yes. Its very hot in here.
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Bed 9: You have to insert a new catheter, but the patient is sitting down on a chair. Ask him to lie down in
bed.
VI) Grammar Focus. Expressing necessity.
Exercise 20. Complete these conversations expressing logical necessity. Then practice them.
A: I cant read very well.
B: You __________________ glasses.
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f) help- the errands.
g) go- mothers house.
Example: Your secretary must study computing.
WHO CAN:
1) help move a wardrobe? Why?
2) sing a song very well? Why?
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3) advise you about university studies? Why?
4) take you to the mountains? Why?
5) talk with you about agriculture? Why?
6) help you work out? Why?
7) assist you if you have a toothache? Why?
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c) Janice and Sally are speaking on the telephone.
d) You are a bit overweight.
e) Nelson is sociable.
f) You shouldnt eat extra bread.
g) Would you please open the windows?
h) We must take a taxi.
i) Can I borrow your notebook?
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Unit 6. I have to go on a strict diet!
I) Conversation
Its 12:30pm, Tuesday, June 2nd. Mrs. Sanders is talking to Earl, her husband.
Earl: Do you remember your mother told you that? But you didnt believe her. If you want, I will go to the
Jill: Yes, I really need them. And also bring some tomatoes and lettuce.
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II) Grammar Focus. Object pronouns.
- I told you
- You didnt believe her
- I really need them
Notice how personal pronouns change when they become object pronouns:
Exercise 1. Complete these conversations with the appropriate object pronouns. Then practice
them.
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Exercise 2. Pair Work.
Answer the questions below. Use the correct object pronoun.
Useful expressions:
I like very much / a lot. - I quite like
I dont like - I cant stand
I love
Exercise 3. Rewrite these sentences. Begin with I and use the words in brackets.
a) Youre a nice person (like / you)
b) I think comedies are great (love / them)
c) I dont like football (stand / it)
d) Madonna is good (quite like / her)
e) I hate Sylvester Stallone ( stand / him)
Exercise 4. Give appropriate responses to each of the following persons. Use the object pronouns.
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Person E: Margaret is angry with me.
You: Send ________ some flowers.
Exercise 5. Look at the picture and complete the sentences using pronouns.
The mother is correcting her daughters paragraph. __________ has a pen in _____ right hand. And
______ is wearing a long- sleeved blouse. In ______ left arm the mother has a leather bracelet. _______ is
black.
The girl is concentrated on _______ mothers explanation. ________ is wearing the school uniform and
a sweater. ______ is a black sweater. And ______ is wearing a white blouse. Can you see ______? And
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Exercise 6. Pair Work.
Respond to these requests or commands using I will or I wont.
a) Dont smoke.
b) Please write soon.
c) Will you pay me back on Tuesday?
d) Dont drink too much.
e) Will you marry me?
f) Please dont forget the appointment.
g) You look terrible. You must see a doctor.
h) Dont phone me after 11 pm.
Exercise 7. Pair Work.
What do you think person B responds to person A in each of the following situations?
Mother: Keep your uniform clean in school.
Child:_____________________________
Young man: Will you let me get on without paying the bus fare?
Conductor: ____________________________
Exercise 8. Complete the following Open Dialogue using the cues in brackets.
Dickens: I dont know why Im overweight
Stevenson: (present continuous: eat) _________________________________
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Dickens: Do you think I should work out?
Stevenson: (necessity: exercise / every day)____________________________
Dickens: ( polite request: work out / me?) __________________________________
Stevenson: Yes, no problem.
Dickens: (permission: pick you up / your house) ____________________________
Stevenson: You can. Of course. (Advice: buy sportswear) _________________. And because you are so
fat, the pants should be (describing) ______________
Dickens: What about the t- shirt? Should I buy an extra size?
Stevenson: Yes. (object pronoun) Buy __________ very big.
Dickens: (promise) I _______________.
Exercise 9. Listening.
Mrs. West, a senior nurse, is introducing a lecture on vitamins. Listen and complete the cloze text below.
Mrs. West: Today I am going to talk _______ the importance of vitamins. We all know ______ there are
some connections between certain diseases ______ the food we eat. One of those connections _______
due to the vitamins we need in __________ daily diet . I am going to give you ________ examples.
Insufficient vitamin A produces changes in ________ eyes; convulsions and some kinds of anemias
__________ present in children with a deficiency _______ vitamin B-6. And if there is ________
insufficient intake of vitamin D, a childs bones may grow ________ a deformed way, resulting in the
disease known as rickets.
IV) Conversation
Its 1pm, Thursday, June 4th. Earl gets home from work.
Earl: Jill, where are you?
Jill: Im here, in the kitchen.
Earl: Did you have lunch?
Jill: Yes, I was waiting for you, but I was hungry so I had lunch. Why did you come in so late?
Earl: I was working on the new project when the manager called me for a meeting. Im going to work
harder because the project is due on Monday.
Jill: On Monday? Then you have to work longer hours.
Earl: Yes, and Im going to work faster. But the baby is more important than the project. Tell me. How are
things?
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Jill: Fine. I am eating less carbohydrate than before. And I am eating more vegetables and proteins than
ever.
Earl: Good. Thats my girl. Come here.
V) Grammar Focus. Talking about what one was doing at a certain time in the past (The past
continuous).
Exercise 10. Match the sentence beginnings in column A with logic sentence endings in B.
A B
a) I was working in the garden ___ when the lights went off.
b) She was taking the dog out ___ when the veterinarian called.
c) They were driving too fast ___ when it began to rain.
d) I was finishing the homework ___ when a virus destroyed the
hard disc .
e) He was knocking at the door ___ when the police stopped them.
f) We were keyboarding in the computer ___ when his girlfriend arrived.
Exercise 11. Complete these sentences using the verbs given in brackets.
1) He ______ _________ (work) in the hospital when he _________ (meet) his future wife.
2) This time last year I _________ ___________ (visit) my sister in Jamaica.
3) They _________ ____________ (study) at university from 1996 to 2001.
4) We __________ _____________ ( live) with our parents before that.
5) Tony _________ _____________ (investigate) that topic when he was in Europe.
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10:15 am:
12m:
6pm:
8:30 pm:
11:50 pm:
Exercise 13. An earthquake happened last week. Describe what these people were doing when it
happened.
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Exercise 15. Complete these sentences with information of your own. Then compare with a partner.
a) Once, I was staying at the beach _______________________________
b) I was visiting my mother a few days ago__________________________
c) While I was having breakfast yesterday, __________________________
d) Once, when I was going to have ice cream,_______________________
e) I was trying to catch a bus _____________________________________
Notice this: We add er to adjectives such as: big, busy, cheap, clean, cold, dirty, dry, fast, fresh,
friendly, great, hard, healthy, high, hot, large, long, new, noisy, quiet, safe, sick, short, slow, small, tall,
warm, wet.
BUT we add more or less to adjectives such as: awful, beautiful, boring, crowded, dangerous, delicious,
exciting, expensive, fascinating, important, interesting, modern, populated, wonderful.
And notice these irregular forms: Good better
Bad - worse
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7) In general, young people are _________ than old people (healthy).
8) China is ____________________ than Canada (populated).
Exercise 18. Write 5 sentences comparing your province to other provinces. Read them to your
partner.
Exercise 19. Pair Work. Answer these questions with your personal opinion. Give complete answers.
Which do you think is:
1) more interesting, baseball or football?
2) better, living alone or with the family?
3) bigger, Russia or Italy?
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4) more boring, reading a book or watching T.V.?
5) more dangerous, travelling by train or by bus?
6) older, Havana or Madrid?
7) worse to live, the North Pole or Asia?
Kevin, Arnold and Kyle are talking after their vacation. Listen and complete the missing
information.
Nothing is perfect!
Some people think that living in a first- world country is the perfect happiness. They are wrong. I had the
chance to visit a developed country. There are more shops, and transportation is better, for example. That
is true. But There were many people in the streets asking for money because they dont have jobs. One
day I had two unpleasant experiences at a time. First I saw a man who was searching through a trash can
because his children were hungry and he wanted to find some food. That was shocking to me. But it was
even more shocking when I saw a woman with a placard in her hands. The sign said Help me save my
daughter. I asked her what her daughters problem was. She said her daughter was suffering from a
serious medical problem and she needed a special treatment, but it was too expensive. All the family
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members were asking people in the street for money to pay the hospital bill. There are problems in my
country. Nothing is perfect. But things like those do not happen here.
Example: There are many differences between Holgun and Manzanillo. In Manzanillo the air is fresher
but Holgun is much more modern. However, fish in Manzanillo is cheaper than in Holgun
Exercise 23. Translate these sentences into Spanish.
Are you ready for Progress Test II? Follow your teachers instructions.
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Unit 7 . The Lot.
I) Conversation
Its 10:15 am. July 3rd. Mrs. Sanders is with Dr. Oliver in the policlinics.
Dr: Have you followed my instructions?
Jill: I have, doctor.
Dr: Yes, I see in your medical record that your weight gain is now the correct one. Have you had trouble
finding fruit and vegetables?
Jill: No, I havent. But I have missed the sweets.
Dr: You mean youve not eaten as much as before?
Jill: yes, thats the truth.
Dr: Oh, thats a relief because I told you to cut down, not to cut out on sweets. Both you and your baby
need a certain amount of sugar. Now, the nurse told me your B.P. is normal. Thats very good. Have you
noticed any swelling of your ankles?
Jill: No. I rest enough. And I eat properly.
Dr: Hows your sleep?
Jill: I sleep very well. The baby makes me wake up suddenly sometimes, but I get back to sleep rapidly.
Dr: Youre doing very well, Mrs. Sanders. Im sure youll have a healthy baby.
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II) Grammar Focus. Making comparisons (II).
Exercise 1. Make comparisons. Use the cues given below and asas or not asas/ not
soas.
1) Havana- Mexico City/ crowded.
2) The North Pole The South Pole / cold.
3) Smokers non-smokers / healthy.
4) Paris- London / modern.
5) Cauto river The Nile/ long.
6) Tokyo- New York / expensive.
7) Nursing- Medicine / important.
8) Rome- Athens / old.
9) Winter in Canada winter in Jamaica / good.
10) The night in the countryside- the night in a city / interesting.
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Problems ( water supply, transport, blackouts or power outages, housing).
Exercise 4. Writing.
Select a city from the eastern part and one from the western part of the country. Write two paragraphs
comparing them.
Exercise 5. Complete these conversations with the present perfect. Then practice them.
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A: _________ you _________ (go out) to central Park on Saturday evening?
B: Yes, I __________. Many times.
Exercise 7. Reading.
a) What is your favourite city? Why?
Now read what Wilson is telling you about his favourite city:
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My Favourite City
I have had wonderful experiences in my life, basically because I have visited all the provinces. And I
have stayed at good hotels, too. My wife has always been with me. But of all the places my favourite is
Havana City because there is so much to do and see there. For example, I have been to the National Zoo
four times. I love animals. I have also been to ExpoCuba several times. I like to see the marvellous
exhibitions there. My weak side is ice cream. I have forgotten how many times I have had ice cream in the
nationally famous Coppelia cafeteria. Although, contrary to my preference for Havana, I would never
leave my hometown.
b) All these sentences are wrong. Can you correct them according to Wilsons words?
1) Wilson has not had any interesting experiences in his life.
2) He has always stayed at guest houses.
3) His wife has never accompanied him.
4) He has not visited good places in Havana.
5) He has never had ice cream in Coppelia cafeteria.
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Example:
A: Has the flight from Paris arrived yet?
B: Yes, it has
A: And has the flight from Tokyo arrived yet?
B: No, it hasnt arrived yet. It is delayed.
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- Has Mr. Caulfield ever been to Jamaica?
- Has Mr. Redford seen hurricanes hitting a country?
B) Listen again. What does Mr. Redford say about the last hurricane?
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Unit 8. I already speak English very well.
It is 1 oclock and Jill sanders left this note to her husband. Complete it using the words from this
list: so now - very well - early - for two hours.
Earl:
Im going to the gym _____. Its still ______ but I want to exercise _______. Dont
worry. I feel ____ _____. I need all my exercises. Pick me up at 5 p. m. Love you
_____ much.
Jill
I) Conversation
Its 4pm. Earl calls Jill on her cell phone.
Jill: Hello?
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Earl: Jill! Thank God you have your cell phone at hand. Listen Jill, I dont know where the gym you go to
is located.
Jill: Are you kidding? Do you know where Joes Caf is?
Earl: Yes. On the corner of 5th Avenue and London Street.
Jill: Correct. When you get to Joes Caf, turn left on London Street. Go down that street for three blocks;
then turn right on Prince Street, and the gym is on the left, between The Stars Cinema and Davincis
Restaurant.
Earl: Is it by Jenners shop, near the train station?
Jill: Exactly. In front of the ice- cream shop.
Earl: I know where that is. OK. Ill pick you up in an hour. Bye.
Jill: Bye.
- Turn left on London Street and go down that street for three
blocks.
- Then turn right on Prince Street, and the gym is on the left,
between The Stars Cinema and Davincis Restaurant.
- In front of the ice- cream shop.
Look at this: When giving directions, the following words are very
useful. Do you know their meanings ?
Useful Words:
- (If you are on foot) walk up/ down/ straight ahead/ through /
across / along
- (If you are either on foot or travelling by any means of
transportation) go up/ down/ along/ straight ahead
- Turn right /left
- Between and / by / near / close by/ next to / on the corner of
and / in front of.
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Walk up/ down/ straight ahead
Turn right/ left
On the corner of/ next to/ near/
between / by / in front of.
Example: To get to Toms Inn, go down 7th Avenue for two blocks. That is Maple Street. Turn right on
Maple Street and cross 5th Avenue. The Inn is on the left, next to the restaurant.
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B: I know. Its....
- I rest enough.
- I eat properly.
- I sleep very well.
- The baby wakes me up suddenly.
- I get back to sleep rapidly.
- You are doing very well.
Remember what adverbs describe. Think of the name AVA (
Adjective-Verb-Adverb).
Adverbs answer the questions How? When ? Where ?
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e. The - will have the report- nurse finished completely on Tuesday
f. Mrs. Sanders her appointment early- has to get up Dr. Oliver with for.
Exercise 4. These ideas are about the Sanders family. Complete them using the correct adverb in
the box below. Sometimes more than one adverb is possible.
c) The service was very good. Earl thinks the workers are working _____well.
d) When Earl arrived home, he ______saw his wife eating oranges and mangoes in the kitchen.
e) Mrs. Sanders is not walking so ____________ now. She has lost some weight.
f) Mrs. Sanders is trying to keep her weight by eating fruits and vegetables ______________.
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Exercise 6. Reading.
Survey results
This survey was applied to Mr. Sanders . Read and comment about his answers.
SURVEY.
1. Never 2. Occasionally 3 . Often 4. Usually 5. Always
How often do you...
1. ... eat salty food ?-- 3
2. ... go on long walks on weekends ? --4
3. ... take your medications ?-- 5
4. ... drink soft drinks ? -- 2
5. ... smoke ? -- 1
A B
a) Quietly ___Rapidly
b) Enough ___ Outdoors
c) Totally ___ Arduously
d) Outside ___ Sufficiently
e) Too ___ Calmly
f) Hard ___ Excessively
g) Fast ___ Completely
Exercise 8. Complete this conversation between Jill and Earl. Use the appropriate adverb from this
box. Then practice the conversation with a partner.
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Earl: Jill ?
Jill : Yes ?
Earl: Whats the matter, darling ? You havent gotten up. Its 9 oclock and you are still in bed!
Jill : Oh Earl, I dont feel ___ ______.
Earl: What is the problem ?
Jill: I am _______ tired and I feel _______ starving . Do you think I can eat any bread now
?
Earl: Hmm... Why not a glass of milk or yoghurt ? I will bring it ____________.
Jill : Thanks, darling. Go _______ to the kitchen and bring it as ______ as you can.
Earl: Will you go to the gym for your exercises _________?
Jill : You mean this morning ? Maybe.
Earl: And how do you feel now? Well, dont answer. When you smile ______________ like
now, I know you are fine. Im going to my office. Call me if you need me.
Jill: Ill stay in bed some more minutes. But hurry! Dont get _________ to work.
Exercise 9. Writing.
You have a personal problem and cannot get to class on time today. Write a note to your teacher,
apologizing and explaining why you are not coming punctually. Which of these adverbs can you use?
Early enough / today/ very / rapidly / soon / quickly.
Begin like this:
Dear teacher,
I
And finish like this:
Sincerely,
____________
Exercise 10. Listening.
Wendy and Kathy are planning their holiday. Listen and complete the blank spaces.
Wendy: I think we should begin our trip by the western part. Do you agree?
Kathy: ________________ not. I cant wait to visit the eastern provinces. I want to spend my vacations
__________________ in the east.
Wendy: Dont go so ______________! Wait a minute. Dont you like to know Trinidad and Sancti
Spiritus?
Kathy: Well, yes; but what about the price of rooms there?
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Wendy: They must be ___________________ cheap in the camping sites.
Kathy: I am not _________ sure.
Wendy: You are ___________________ so pessimistic. Listen, we should plan everything
_________________. We only have a month. Listen to my proposal: one week in the east, one in the
central provinces, and one in the western part.
Kathy: And the other week?
Wendy: Here. We __________ have time to visit museums, go to concerts or to the beach. Dont you like
the idea?
Kathy: Sounds good. But next vacations Ill go to Santiago and Bayamo for at least __________
______________.
Wendy: Ha
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Complementary Unit. The Human Body.
Exercise 1. Look at the picture. How many parts of the body can you name?
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I)Grammar Focus: prepositions.
Exercise 4. Write 5 sentences of your own, following the models in exercise 3. Compare with your
partner.
Exercise 6. Reading.
Read this text and then complete the sentences below about it.
Nature is clever!
The human body is a complex but perfect mechanism. It is impossible to arrange the elements in that
mechanism in order of importance. Are the bones more important than the muscles or the nerves? What
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about the body systems? If you count them, you will see that we humans have the cardiovascular system,
the respiratory system, the genitourinary system, the gastrointestinal system, the endocrine system, the
immune system and the nervous system. Which of them is more important? And, is an organ more
important than the other? Could we say that the heart is more important than the brain, the kidneys, the
lungs, the bladder or the liver? We need all of them working properly for a healthy life.
If a bone is broken, if the nerves are affected, if a muscle is sprained, if a body system has problems, then
that person is sick.
Nature has made the human body a perfect mechanism but at the same time its complexity makes the
work of health professionals more difficult than the work of any other professional.
Exercise 8. Categories.
Put each of the following words in the appropriate category:
Eyelid nails teeth ribs waist ankle jaw lungs knuckle forearm forehead back.
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Head Trunk Limbs
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Student B : You have part of a crossword puzzle, with only half of the solutions. Your partner has the
other part. When your partner asks for help with missing words (e.g. whats 14 cross?), give him/ her the
clues in your part but never point to that part of the body.
Across clues:
9) The middle joint of the leg.
13) The part of the face below the mouth.
14) A tube that carries blood to the heart from the other parts of the body.
16) The part of the body between the hand and the arm.
Down clues:
1) The whole physical structure that is a person.
5) Either of the two pieces of skin which can close over each eye.
6) Bones that curve round from the back to your chest.
8) The inside part of your hand.
15) The bottom part of the foot.
17) One of the five movable jointed parts at the end of the foot.
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three parts of the body that go in pairs (e.g. the wrists)
three parts of the body that go alone (e.g. the liver)
Three parts of the body that are multiple (e.g. the veins)
b) Join another pair of students and try to identify the parts of the body they selected. Have
conversations like this:
Pair A: Are we talking about something in the abdomen?
Pair B: Yes.
Pair A: Does it go alone? / Does it go in pairs? / Are they multiple?
Pair B: Yes.
Pair A: Is it a target / very important organ?
Pair B: Yes.
Pair A: Is it the liver?
Pair B: Yes, it is.
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REVISION AND EXTENSION EXERCISES II
Exercise 1 Complete the following open dialogue. Then practice it.
Exercise 2. Describe and compare the people in the pictures. Use the words from the table below.
Then practice describing your classmates.
General Attractive, casual, well- dressed, smart: She is attractive / She looks smart
Face A beard, a moustache, glasses: He has a beard / Shes wearing glasses
Hair Long, blonde, short, dark, wavy, bald: His hair is long / He is bald
Build Tall, overweight, short, medium- height, slim: She is slim
Age Middle- aged, about 45, in her twenties: They are in their fifties
Eyes Blue, brown, green, hazel: She has blue eyes
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Table 1. Place of accident
Place Number of accidents
Kitchen 25
Bedroom 8
Staircase 18
Bathroom 16
Corridor 15
Balcony 8
Garage 10
Compare:
a) bathroom and garage
b) corridor and kitchen
c) balcony and bedroom
d) staircase and bathroom
e) bedroom and kitchen
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Student C: Neither of them is as difficult as Chinese.
Hi!
Would you like to be my keyboard- friend? I am 25 years old and 1.73m. tall, with dark hair
and green eyes. I live in Havana City with my mother, my father and a sister.
I am a nursing student. I go to university every day from 8 am to 4:40 pm. First we have
nursing lessons. Then we have a lunch break for an hour. In the afternoon we have English
and computing classes.
I hope you will write to me and tell me about yourself.
Yours,
Robert Garca
Send
A) Look at this information. Choose one person for Roberts keyboard- friend. Write a reply from
that person to Robert. Copy the email and complete the sentences.
Name Yasmin Watford Shakira Parkins
Age 19 22
Height 1.56 m 1.63 m
Color of hair Black Dark
Color of eyes Black Brown
Interests Pop music, swimming Dancing, reading
Family Three brothers A sister
Residence Lyons, France Kingston, Jamaica
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From:
To: robert@infonurse.sld.cu
Cc:
Bcc:
Subject: Re:Looking for friend.
Dear Robert,
Yes, I would like to be your keyboard- friend. I am _______ years old and _______ m tall
with _________ hair and _________ eyes. I live in ______________ with
______________________. I like __________________. I also love ______________.
Please write to me again.
Yours,
Send
B) Write an email to Robert offering to be one of his keyboard- friends. Give as much details as
possible about you and your life.
96
Appendix 1. Verbs used in this book
A) Regular Verbs
97
Present Spanish Past Past Participle
Correct Corregir Corrected Corrected
Dance Bailar Danced Danced
Describe Describir Described Described
Design Disear Designed Designed
Destroy Destruir Destroyed Destroyed
Devote Dedicar Devoted Devoted
Diagnose Diagnosticar Diagnosed Diagnosed
Dictate Dictar Dictated Dictated
Discuss Discutir Discussed Discussed
Engage Establecer Engaged Engaged
Enter Entrar Entered Entered
Entertain Entretener Entertained Entertained
Establish Establecer Established Established
Exercise Ejercitar(se) Exercised Exercised
Finish Terminar Finished Finished
Follow Seguir Followed Followed
Happen Ocurrir Happened Happened
Hate Odiar Hated Hated
Help Ayudar Helped Helped
Influence Influir Influenced Influenced
Inject Inyectar Injected Injected
Injure Daar, lastimar Injured Injured
Insert Insertar Inserted Inserted
Interview Entrevistar Interviewed Interviewed
Introduce Presentar Introduced Introduced
Investigate Investigar Investigated Investigated
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Present Spanish Past Past Participle
Invite Invitar Invited Invited
Keyboard Teclear Keyboarded Keyboarded
Knock Tocar Knocked Knocked
Label Rotular, marcar Labelled Labelled
Learn* (also irregular) Aprender, conocer Learned Learned
Like Gustar Liked Liked
Listen Escuchar Listened Listened
Live Vivir Lived Lived
Look Mirar Looked Looked
Love Amar Loved Loved
Marry Casar(se) Married Married
Match Enlazar Matched Matched
Miss Perder Missed Missed
Modify Modificar Modified Modified
Move Mover, mudar Moved Moved
Name Nombrar Named Named
Need Necesitar Needed Needed
Notice Notar Noticed Noticed
Observe Observar Observed Observed
Open Abrir Opened Opened
Operate Operar Operated Operated
Pass Aprobar Passed Passed
Phone Telefonear Phoned Phoned
Plan Planificar Planned Planned
Play Jugar Played Played
Point Sealar Pointed Pointed
Prefer Preferir Preferred Preferred
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Present Spanish Past Past participle
Prepare Preparar Prepared Prepared
Publish Publicar Published Published
Pull Halar Pulled Pulled
Refer Remitir Referred Referred
Remember Recordar Remembered Remembered
Repair Reparar Repaired Repaired
Replace Sustituir, cambiar Replaced Replaced
Report Reportar Reported Reported
Rest Descansar Rested rested
Rush Apurar(se) Rushed Rushed
Scream Gritar Screamed Screamed
Search Buscar Searched Searched
Smile Sonreir Smiled Smiled
Smoke Fumar Smoked Smoked
Start Comenzar Started Started
starve Pasar o morir de hambre Starved Starved
Stay Permanecer Stayed Stayed
Stop Detener, parar Stopped Stopped
Stretch Estirar Stretched Stretched
Study Estudiar Studied Studied
Substitute Sustituir Substituted Substituted
Switch Cambiar; conectar Switched Switched
Talk Conversar Talked Talked
Thank Agradecer, dar las gracias Thanked Thanked
Transform Transformar Transformed Transformed
Translate Traducir Translated Translated
Travel Viajar Travelled Travelled
Try Tratar; probar(se) Tried Tried
Turn Girar, voltear(se) Turned Turned
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Present Spanish Past Past Participle
Type Mecanografiar/ teclear Typed Typed
Underline Subrayar Underlined Underlined
Use Usar Used Used
Visit Visitar Visited Visited
Vomit Vomitar Vomited Vomited
Want Querer Wanted Wanted
Work Trabajar Worked Worked
wait Esperar Waited Waited
Walk Caminar Walked Walked
Wash Lavar Washed Washed
Watch Observar, mirar Watched Watched
Worry Preocupar(se) Worried Worried
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B) Irregular Verbs
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Present Spanish Past Past Participle
Lose Perder Lost Lost
Make Hacer, producir Made Made
Meet Conocer, reunirse Met Met
Pay Pagar Paid Paid
Put Poner, colocar Put Put
Read Leer Read Read
Ride Cabalgar, pasear en Rode Ridden
Say Decir Said Said
See Ver Saw Seen
Sell Vender Sold Sold
Send Enviar Sent Sent
Show Mostrar Showed Shown
Sit Sentarse Sat Sat
Sleep Dormir Slept Slept
Speak Hablar Spoke Spoken
Spell Deletrear Spelt Spelt
Spend Pasar, invertir Spent Spent
Stand Pararse Stood Stood
Take Tomar, llevar Took Taken
Tell Decir, informar Told Told
Think Pensar Thought Thought
Understand Comprender Understood Understood
Wake up Despertar Woke up Woken up
Wear Vestir, usar Wore Worn
Write Escribir Wrote Written
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Appendix 2. Introduccin a la Gramtica
Lo bsico que debes conocer antes de empezar a estudiar ingls.
Tanto la gramtica inglesa como la espaola tienen muchas cosas en comn. Y para estudiar el ingls, una
cosa fundamental es conocer los conceptos gramaticales bsicos. De lo contrario, muchas de las
explicaciones de cmo funciona el idioma te seran altamente difciles. Te recomiendo que leas estas notas
cuidadosamente, tratando de entender cada aspecto que se presenta.
Lo primero que debes conocer est relacionado con:
1) Las partes del habla, y
2) Las oraciones y sus estructuras.
104
Singular Singular Plural Plural
Persona Espaol Ingls Espaol Ingls
Primera Yo I (se pronuncia ai) Nosotros We (uii)
Segunda Tu You (se pronuncia iuu) Ustedes You
Tercera El (persona) He (se pronuncia ji) Ellos/ ellas They
Ella(persona) She (se pronuncia chi) (dei)
Una nota importante: tienes que saber que existen tres personas gramaticales: primera, segunda y tercera,
y que hay una de cada tipo para el singular y otra para el plural. Vuelve a revisar la tabla anterior.
c) Los verbos. Aqu hay que detenerse, y estudiar con calma.
Hay varios tipos de verbos. Unos parecen ms fciles de aprender que otros. Algo fundamental es saber
que los verbos se CONJUGAN en dependencia de la persona. (Te das cuenta que hace falta conocer esto
antes de estudiar otro idioma? Seguimos).
El primer tipo de verbo, por donde siempre se empieza a estudiar el ingls, es por el verbo ser o estar
(Be, en ingls). Veamos como lo conjugamos en espaol. Fjate bien cmo cambia la forma del verbo
segn la persona:
- Yo soy cubano. Yo estoy en Cuba.
- Tu eres cubano. Tu ests en Cuba.
- El / ella es cubano(a). El/ ella est en Cuba.
- Nosotros somos cubanos. Nosotros estamos en Cuba.
- Ustedes son cubanos. Ustedes estn en Cuba.
- Ellos/ ellas son cubanos. Ellos/ ellas estn en Cuba.
Pero vas a ver que este verbo (ser o estar) es ms complejo en espaol que en ingls. Hagamos una tabla
resumen del espaol:
Persona Singular Plural
Primera Yo soy / estoy Nosotros somos/ estamos
Segunda Tu eres/ ests Ustedes son/ estn
Tercera El o ella es/ est Ellos o ellas son /estn
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En ingls, slo hay tres formas del verbo ser o estar (recuerda que de forma general se le dice el verbo be:
Am- Is- Are. Vemoslo en una tabla. Y recuerda los pronombres en ingls que vimos arriba:
Persona Singular Plural
Primera I am We are
Segunda You are You are
Tercera He/ she/ it is They are
Hasta aqu, lo que debes saber del verbo ser o estar en el presente. Luego, en clase con el profesor, y
mucho ms adelante, vers el pasado y el futuro.
El segundo tipo de verbo, el ms importante, ms comn, es el llamado verbo de accin. Son miles y miles
en espaol y en ingls. Es por eso que debes prestar mucha atencin a la informacin que sigue.
Los llamados verbos de accin tienen varias clasificaciones, segn su uso y funcin. Y son los que
indican si una accin est en presente, pasado, o futuro.
Lo ms comn es hablar de los verbos de accin como verbos regulares y verbos irregulares. Tal
clasificacin es muy importante en ingls cuando se habla en pasado.
Hay que recordar que los verbos de accin son los que en espaol terminan en ar (como Amar), en er
(temer) , o en ir (partir). Pero veamos cmo conjugamos en espaol un verbo:
Tomemos como ejemplo el verbo Amar, en presente:
Singular Plural
Yo amo Nosotros amamos
Tu amas Ustedes aman
El/ ella ama Ellos/ Ellas aman
Para los hablantes del espaol esto es muy fcil. Lo aprendemos en el contacto directo con nuestros
familiares desde que somos muy pequeos. Claro, perfeccionamos su dominio en la medida que nos
corrigen los adultos. Lo mismo va a pasar en las clases de ingls, donde el profesor ser quien haga las
correcciones.
En ingls, la conjugacin, en presente, es ms fcil que en espaol. Veamos el verbo amar (love):
Singular Plural
I love We love
You love You love
He/ she/ it loves They love
106
Aqu slo hay que notar que, en presente, en la tercera persona del singular (he/ she/ it), el verbo adquiere
una letra s. Es el nico cambio. Pero no es tan fcil. No. Esa es la regla general. Otras veces al verbo se
le agrega es (go goes) y en otros casos, si el verbo termina es la letra y, se cambia la y por la i
latina, y luego se agrega es (study- studies).
Pero, de forma general, las conjugaciones de los verbos es ms fcil en ingls que en espaol. Observa
otro verbo, pero conjugado en el pasado:
Singular Plural
Yo tem Nosotros temimos
Tu temiste Ustedes temieron
El/ ella temi Ellos Ellas temieron
En ingls, en el pasado, se dan dos tipos de cambios:
a) los verbos regulares (muy fciles, pero son miles) son aquellos que forman su pasado con la
terminacin ed. Veamos un ejemplo. Noten que el verbo es igual para todas las personas
(primera, segunda y tercera, del singular y el plural):
Singular Plural
I loved We loved
You loved You loved
He/ she / it loved They loved
Muy fcil. El problema, y eso lo aprendern con el profesor, es las tres pronunciaciones de esa ed.
b) Los verbos irregulares (son un poco ms de 200. No todos de uso diario) son aquellos que forman
su pasado realizando cambios, fundamentalmente en su escritura y/ o pronunciacin. Lo fcil es
que son iguales para las tres personas gramaticales (primera, segunda y tercera)
Tomemos el verbo escribir (write):
Singular Plural
I wrote We wrote
You wrote You wrote
He/ she wrote They wrote
Hasta aqu, por ahora, lo que ms necesitas saber para entender los verbos de accin. Cuando
lleguemos a la parte de las oraciones y su estructura, tendremos que ver otras cositas.
El tercer tipo de verbo es el llamado verbo auxiliar. Por qu auxiliar? Bueno, pues porque auxilia
al verbo de accin a completar la idea de lo que queremos expresar.
107
Los dos tipos de verbos auxiliares son: el verbo be (que ya viste antes), y los llamados verbos
modales. Vamos por parte:
En Espaol, si decimos Mara est escribiendo, notamos que la oracin tiene dos verbos (est, que
es una forma del verbo ser o estar; y escribiendo que es la forma en que se conjuga el verbo
escribir cuando hablamos de algo que est ocurriendo en estos momentos. Si preguntamos: Qu
est haciendo Mara?, la respuesta es est escribiendo). Bueno, lo mismo pasa en Ingls. Esa
oracin en Ingls es:
Mara is writing,
donde is es la forma auxiliar de Be (ser o estar) , y writing es la forma conjugada del verbo
escribir (write).
Bueno, y qu son los verbos modales?
Tambin existen en espaol e ingls. Slo queremos que sepas que existen. Luego los estudiaras con
el profesor. Pero observa esta tabla para que sepas a qu nos referimos. En este caso, slo vamos a
utilizar la primera persona del singular, con varios ejemplos de verbos modales (son los
subrayados), que dan una nueva idea de lo que quiere expresar el verbo de accin:
Espaol Ingls
Yo puedo aprender Ingls. I can learn English.
Yo debo aprender Ingls. I should learn English.
Yo podra aprender Ingls. I might learn English.
Te recomendamos que vuelvas a leer AHORA todo lo que aqu te hemos explicado sobre los verbos,
ya que son la columna vertebral del idioma. Sera bueno que pudieras explicarle a alguien estas
preguntas: cules son los tres tipos de verbos que existen? En que consiste cada uno de esos tipos?
Si puedes contestar eso, estas listo o lista para seguir con las otras partes del habla.
d) Los adjetivos: son todas aquellas palabras que califican o sealan lo distinto de un sustantivo con
respecto a otro de su mismo tipo o gnero.
Algunos ejemplos de adjetivos en espaol son: bueno, alto, callado, triste, sociable, azul (todos los
colores), gordo, cubano (todos los gentilicios). Pero observa cmo los usamos en espaol:
- El es un hombre alto.
- Ella es una buena mujer.
Qu palabra est siendo calificada por el adjetivo alto? Por supuesto que la respuesta es el
sustantivo hombre.
Qu palabra est siendo calificada por el adjetivo buena? Claro, el sustantivo mujer.
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Pero, notaste la posicin adjetivo- sustantivo? En el primer caso, hombre aparece antes que el
adjetivo alto; en el segundo caso, el adjetivo buena est delante del sustantivo mujer. Es decir,
en espaol el adjetivo puede estar antes o despus del sustantivo, sin cambiar el significado. Pero esto
no es tan as en ingls, donde generalmente, el adjetivo siempre va delante del sustantivo. Esas
oraciones anteriores seran as en ingls (adjetivos subrayados y sustantivos en negritas):
He is a tall man.
She is a good woman.
Sin embargo, no todo es as. Si el sustantivo al que hacemos referencia est implcito en una
conversacin, o hay una referencia anterior, por ejemplo, ambos idiomas funcionan de la misma
forma:
- El est triste
- He is sad
Claro, en la medida en que avances en el estudio del ingls, vers otras estructuras de oraciones que
son diferentes. Recuerda que slo estamos viendo lo imprescindible que necesitas para adentrarte en el
ingls.
Pero hay algo que si debes entender bien: mientras en espaol algunos adjetivos cambian de gnero
(masculino o femenino), en ingls nunca hay cambios. Observa:
- El es un hombre bueno.
- Ella es una mujer buena.
- He / she is a good man/ woman.
Ya cuando conozcas bien los adjetivos y su uso, el profesor te ensear cmo se comparan los adjetivos, y
las formas superlativas de los mismos.
e) Los adverbios: son aquellas palabras que modifican, describen, o califican un verbo, un adjetivo, u
otro adverbio. Es por ello que son muchos, pero no es complejo el dominarlos. Veamos algunos
ejemplos en espaol, con la palabra que modifica:
- Eso es muy importante (muy es el adverbio. importante es un adjetivo)
- Ella camina silenciosamente (silenciosamente es el adverbio; y claro, camina es el verbo)
- Habl tan apasionadamente, que me conmovi (tan y apasionadamente son adverbios. El
primero califica al segundo).
Debes saber que entre los ejemplos de adverbios, los ms comunes son los que indican:
1) Cundo, por qu tiempo, o con qu frecuencia se hace algo: por la maana, siempre, por cinco
das, etc.
2) Cmo se realiza algo: rpidamente, juntos, etc.
109
3) Dnde se realiza algo: en la casa, en la cama, etc.
4) Hasta qu punto se realiza algo: completamente, casi, etc.
En dependencia del tipo de adverbio, as ser su posicin en la oracin. No te preocupes: eso lo
aprenders con el profesor. Y la buena noticia es que los adverbios, en un altsimo por ciento,
funcionan igual en espaol y en ingls.
f) Las conjunciones: son palabras que nos permiten unir oraciones, partes de oraciones, o que
permiten introducir clusulas (una clusula es como una oracin, ya que tiene sujeto y predicado, pero
no tiene sentido propio si no est vinculada a una oracin. Ya vers algo de esto ms adelante).
Hay muchas conjunciones. Algunas de las ms comunes son: y, pero, tancomo, aunque, sin
embargo, antes, despus, hasta, mientras, siempre que, etc, etc. Observa estos ejemplos de cmo se
usan en espaol, porque as mismo se usan en ingls:
- Mara es callada y debilucha, pero muy trabajadora.
- Aunque mara es callada y debilucha, es muy trabajadora.
- No me importa que Mara sea callada y debilucha, siempre que sea muy trabajadora.
Observa que las conjunciones ayudan a dar variedad y elegancia a lo que se dice. Fjate que no sonara
igual decir: Mara es callada. Mara es debilucha; pero muy trabajadora. Te das cuenta? Por eso hay que
dominar el uso de las conjunciones.
f) Las preposiciones: son palabras que se usan delante de un sustantivo, una frase sustantiva, o de un
pronombre, para conectarlo o unirlo a otra palabra dentro de la oracin.
Debes saber que las preposiciones son un rea problema en el estudio del ingls. Eso no lo
queremos ocultar. Por eso te pedimos que prestes mucha atencin cada vez que el profesor te explique
un uso. Pero como decimos los cubanos, vamos al grano. Veamos unos ejemplos de preposiciones en
espaol (subrayadas):
1. Ella estudia en la casa en agosto.
2. Se fue para la playa.
3. Estamos sin comida.
4. Eso est escrito por mi.
5. Vino al medioda.
6. La isla de la Juventud es una isla en el Mar Caribe.
Vamos a analizar algunos de estos ejemplos, para que veas como la preposicin crea la conexin
entre una palabra y otra.
110
En la oracin no. 1, la preposicin en conecta el verbo estudiar con la frase sustantiva la casa;
mientras que el segundo en est delante del sustantivo agosto (nombre de un mes, por eso es
sustantivo).
En la oracin no. 3, la preposicin sin crea la conexin entre el verbo estamos y el sustantivo
comida.
En la oracin no. 4, por conecta al verbo escrito con el pronombre mi.
En la oracin no. 6, el sustantivo isla est conectado a la frase sustantiva el Mar Caribe por le
preposicin en.
Puedes analizar las preposiciones subrayadas en las oraciones 2 y 5?
g) Los artculos: Son muy fciles, y su uso es constante. Llegaras a dominarlos sin dificultades al
terminar tu curso bsico.
Hay dos tipos de artculos: los indefinidos y los definidos.
Los indefinidos son: un, una: un libro, una mesa. Como puedes ver, no definen algo especfico. Si
usted dice:
- Fui a una casa, no est diciendo lo mismo que si dice
- Fui a la casa.
En ingls hay uno solo: a (se pronuncia como la e espaola), y su variante an (se pronuncia como
en). Por qu es esto? Porque en ingls si el sustantivo al que se refiere empieza con consonante, se
usa a (a doctor), y si es una vocal se usa an (an engineer).Esa es la regla general. Ya vers la
excepcin.
Los definidos son; el, la, los, las: el libro, la mesa, los muchachos, las muchachas. Como puedes ver,
definen de qu se habla.
En ingls se utiliza una sola palabra, the, tanto para el singular como el plural, el masculino y el
femenino; de esta forma decimos the boy (el muchacho), the girl (la muchacha) , the boys (los
muchachos), the girls (las muchachas).
No pienses que ya lo sabes todo sobre los artculos. Hay muchas cosas ms que aprender. Pero
conoces lo suficiente para empezar a estudiar ingls.
Como hicimos al concluir la informacin sobre los verbos, te pedimos nuevamente que revises todo lo
estudiado, antes de adentrarte al mundo de la oracin y su estructura.
La oracin y su estructura.
En esta seccin vamos a abordar estos temas:
a) Qu es una oracin?
b) Cul es la estructura bsica, general, de una oracin?
111
c) Cuntos tipos de oraciones existen?
Una oracin es un parlamento, algo que se dice o escribe, pero con un requisito bsico: tiene que tener
sentido completo. Hay oraciones muy cortas y oraciones muy largas, pero no es la longitud lo que define a
una oracin. Es el sentido completo.
En la estructura general, la oracin tiene sujeto y predicado.
El sujeto es uno o varios sustantivos, como por ejemplo: Aurora, o Aurora y Luis, o Teresa y
familia. Es decir, el sujeto puede estar en singular o en plural.
El predicado comienza con el verbo, y puede tener uno o varios elementos ms, en dependencia de lo que
se quiera decir o escribir. Observa estas posibilidades:
- Aurora est en casa.
- Aurora y Luis estn en casa.
- Aurora y Luis estn en casa desde ayer.
- Aurora y Luis estn en casa con su familia desde ayer temprano en la maana.
- Aurora y Luis no estn en su casa con su familia desde ayer por la maana.
- Yo estudio.
- Yo estudio ingls.
- Nosotros estudiamos ingls bsico en la academia por la noche.
Como puedes ver, las posibilidades de oraciones dentro de un idioma son infinitas. Pero una vez que
se conoce la estructura bsica y la posicin que lleva el sustantivo, el verbo, el adjetivo, los adverbios,
etc, es muy fcil construir oraciones.
Veamos un ejemplo en ingls:
Hasta aqu hemos visto la estructura ms comn de una oracin. Luego, en clase, estudiaras las
oraciones negativas, las interrogativas, y otros ejemplos que te van a demostrar lo bien que avanzas en
el aprendizaje del idioma ingls.
112
Pero nos queda la tercera interrogante: cules son los tipos de oraciones que existen? Una de las
clasificaciones que existen (y hay varias), pero la ms prctica para nuestro objetivo, divide las
oraciones en tres tipos:
1) La oracin simple o sencilla.
2) La oracin compuesta, y
3) La oracin compleja.
Todos los ejemplos de oraciones que hemos visto hasta aqu son ejemplos de oraciones simples o
sencillas. Slo nos queda reafirmar una idea: una oracin simple puede tener tanto un sujeto
compuesto (plural, como Mara y Luis) o un predicado compuesto (Mara es callada y debilucha).
Entonces pasemos a las compuestas.
Una oracin compuesta no es ms que la unin de dos oraciones simples, pero unidas por una
conjuncin. Si, as de fcil. Mira estos ejemplos:
Mara est en el parque pero Luis se qued en casa.
Teresa y familia fueron a Las Tunas y Mara y Luis se quedaron en Pinar.
Y cules son las complejas?
Las oraciones complejas son las que llevan una clusula. Recuerda que anteriormente dijimos que una
clusula tiene sujeto y predicado, pero no tiene sentido propio. Veamos dos ejemplos:
- Cuando vio el gento, l corri a ver qu pasaba.
Oracin simple
Clusula. Observa que si usted dice solamente cuando vio el gento, su interlocutor le preguntar
Qu pas? Sencillamente porque esa clusula, por si sola, no tiene sentido.
- Esa familia que vive frente a nuestra casa es de Matanzas.
Clusula: note que si usted dice esto solamente, su idea no tendr sentido. Pero, en
cambio, si usted dice Esa familia es de matanzas la persona con la que usted est hablando mirar,
por ejemplo, para ver a quien usted se est refiriendo, porque lo que ha dicho en la oracin simple si
tiene sentido.
Hasta aqu esta breve introduccin a la gramtica. Quedan muchas cosas por estudiar y aprender. Si
has visto los libros de gramtica, sabes que generalmente son libros gordos. Ese no es el objetivo de
este material didctico. Tu profesor te ir enseando todo lo que necesitas en el transcurso de las
clases.
113
Appendix 3. Some differences between British and American English
A) Spelling
British American
Anaemia Anemia
Anaesthetic Anesthetic
Gynaecology Gynecology
Haemorrhage Hemorrhage
Behaviour Behavior
Colour Color
Favour Favor
Favourite Favorite
Honour Honor
Neighbour Neighbor
Faeces Feces
Foetus Fetus
Centre Center
Theatre Theater
Programme Program
Analyse Analyze
Paralyse Paralyze
Speciality Specialty
B) Grammar
British American
Have a bath/ shower Take a bath/ shower
To/ in hospital To/ in the hospital
At the weekend/ at weekends On the weekend/ on weekends
In a street On a street
Write to somebody Write (to) somebody (with or without
to
Get / got / got Get / got / gotten
Forget / forgot / forgot Forget / forgot / forgotten
Travel -- travelling Travel-- traveling
Cancel-- cancelling Cancel-- canceling
C) Other words
D)
British American
Can (container) Tin
Dustbin Garbage can/ trash can
Lorry Truck
Rubbish Garbage / Trash
114
Appendix 4. Human Age
115
Progress test I
III) Complete the sentences with the words from the list.
LIST: headache- appointment- telephone- sick- nursing- married
a) Nancy cant go to the party because she is ________________
b) Congratulations! You ___________ Lourdes!
c) I have a terrible __________________________
d) I have an ____________________ with Dr. Lewis.
e) He is a ____________________ student.
f) I want to use your ____________________
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IV) Write two ( 2) sentences about the activities in the city this weekend.
Activity Place day Time
Music festival Park Saturday 9pm
Baseball Games Stadium Saturday and 8pm
Sunday
V) Mrs. Walker does many things every day. Use the cues below to write a paragraph about her.
Always/ get up / 5am
Sometimes / have breakfast
Usually / go work / 7:30
Often / come back home / 5pm
Never / read / in the evening.
VI) Describe this picture.
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Progress test II
I) Read the text below and answer the questions about it.
The last film I saw was Revenge at the beach. It narrates the story of eight tourists. They were spending
the weekend in a small hotel on an island when a terrible storm hit the island. As a result of the strong
storm, there was a power failure.
Early during the night, some tourists heard a woman screaming. It was Mrs. Lenoir. They ran to her room
and found the dead body of her husband. Someone killed him with a small knife. They new there was a
dangerous person on the island.
The manager recommended that everyone should go to their rooms and close the door. But at midnight,
there was another murder. This time it was Ms. Haythe, who was smoking in the lounge. She was killed
with a small knife, too. It was the manager who found her body. He immediately called the six tourists and
the hotel staff, and began asking questions. All proofs pointed to Mrs. Lenoir. She finally confessed to the
murders. She killed her husband and Ms. Haythe because she knew he was not loyal. He was in love with
Ms. Haythe.
1) What were the tourists doing when the storm hit the island?
2) What happened after the storm?
3) Why did Mrs. Lenoir scream?
4) What was Ms. Haythe doing when the murderer killed her?
5) Where did the manager do after he found her body?
6) Why did Mrs. Lenoir kill her husband and Ms. Haythe?
II) Complete the following conversations using the instructions given in brackets.
1) A: Im not good at Morphology.
B ( Give advice):_____________________________________________
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5) A: Please, come back early.
B (Make a promise):____________________
III) Write a description of a good friend you have. Include what you like or dont like about him/
her.
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Exit Test
I) Read the text below and answer the questions about it.
Human values must be present in every human interaction. Nobody, however, appreciates values more
than when they have a medical problem.
Think of these hypothetical cases. Someone arrives at an emergency room with shortness of breath. The
doctor immediately prescribes an aerosol but the nurse says Wait a minute, while she is speaking to a
friend on the phone. That minute is an eternity for the patient. Or you have an incredible headache and
need a pain killer injection but the nurse is not in her place of work. Your headache gets worse. Are the
nurses in the cases above examples of responsibility and love to their profession? Absolutely not.
Human values in the medical sciences professions are more significant than in any other professions,
because we notice them more when we are sick, when we need compassion.
The example of dedication and care for the sick given by Florence Nightingale has inspired Cuban
Nursing for years. Florence is a paradigm of human values.
1) When are human values most appreciated?
2) What was the nurse in the first hypothetical case doing incorrectly?
3) Why couldnt the patient of the second case get the injection immediately?
4) Which two of the human values didnt the nurses of the examples show?
5) Why is Florence Nightingale a paradigm for Cuban Nursing?
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5) Florence is a paradigm of human values.
IV) Look at these two pictures. Write two paragraphs comparing them.
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