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FORM TP 2016002 %. JANUARY 20I6

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE@

EXAMINATION

BIOLOGY

Paper 02 - General Proficiency

2 hours 30 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

| . This paper consists of SIX questions in two sections. Answer ALL questions.

2. For Section A, write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

3. Do NOT write in the margins.

4. For Section B, write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

5. Where appropriate, answers should be illustrated by diagrams.

6. If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the
original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this
booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer.

7 . If youuse the extra page(s), you MUST write the question number clearly in
the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant, include
the question part beside the answer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright @ 2014 Caribbean Examinations Council

All rights reserved.

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 -4-

SECTION A

Answer ALL questions.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

l. The data provided in Table I were collected to investigate the grouh of plants in light and dark
conditions, and to make comparisons with the groMh patterns in humans.

TABLE 1: DATA COLLECTED TO INVESTIGATE GROWTH

Height of Plant Height of Plant

Length of Human
Day Grown in Sunlight Grown in Darkness
Baby (cm)
(cm) (cm)

5 l0 l0 45

l0 l2 r3 49

r5 r5 t7 53

20 20 t7 58

25 25 l6 62

30 30 l5 65

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(a) On the grid provided below, plot the data obtained for both plants on the same graph,
using appropriate scales and legends.

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(5 marks)

(b) (i) Describe the pattern of growth obtained for EACH plant.

(2 marks)
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Explain the differences observed in the growth of the plants under these two
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conditions (light and dark).
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(4 marks)
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(c) Complete the following definition for'gromh'by writing the correct words from the list r:g:
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in brackets.
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(transient, temporara, mass, permanent, organs) l:l!i+l

Growth may be defined as a ........... ...... increase in the

and volume of an organism when food is absorbed and converted to living matter.
(2 marks)

(d) Suggest why the measurements of length taken for the plants are incomplete, UNLIKE
the measurements taken for a babv.

(1 mark)

(e) Suggest TWO ways in which this experiment could be refined to obtain more accurate
data for measuring growth.

(2 marks)

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(f) Describe ONE way in which the pattern of growh in plants differs from the pattern of
growth in animals.

(2 marks)

(e) (i) Describe an experiment to demonstrate the response of plants exposed to light on
one side only.

(2 marks)

(i i) How does this response to light benefit plants in a forest?

(l mark)

(iii) Explain how and why the response of invertebrates (like earthworms) to light
differs from that shown by plants.

(3 marks)

(h) State ONE role that light plays in human growth and development.

(l mark)

Total25 marks

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2. (a) The diagram shown in Figure
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I represents part of the carbon cycle. Complete the diagram

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by writing the appropriate term in EACH of the boxes labelled A, B and C. (3 marks)

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Figure l. Part of the carbon cycle "si
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(b) Write a chemical equation and a word equation to summarize EACH of the following
processes: nn=

(i) Photosynthesis l.r$:

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(2 marks)

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(ii) Aerobic respiration

(2 marks)

(c) Outline TWO outcomes of the removalof trees by cutting and burning.

(2 marks)

(d) Suggest TWO ways in which small island states such as those in the Caribbean mav be
affected by large-scale climate change.

(2 marks)

(e) (i) Outline TWO ways in which the improper disposal of household waste contributes
to land pollution or water pollution.

(2 marks)

(ii) Suggest TWO ways by which people could dispose of their household waste in
an environmentally friendly manner.

(2 marks)
Total 15 marks

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3. (a) Figure 2 is a diagram of guard cells seen in a dicotyledonous leaf taken from a plant that
has been watered l2 hours before and placed in sunny conditions.

s II
III
\
IV
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Figure 2. Diagram of plant guard cells

(i) Identify the structures labelled I, II, lll, IV and V in Figure 2. Write your answers
in the spaces provided in Figure 2. (5 marks)

(i i) State ONE function of EACH of the structures labelled I and lV.

(2 marks)

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(b) In the space below, draw an annotated diagram to show the appearance of the guard cells
after the plant is watered in the early morning. Use an arrow to show the movement of
the water in the cell.

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.'-_-------l (6 marks)

(c) Explain why the behaviour of an animal cell would differ from that of a plant guard cell
when they are placed in dilute solutions.

(2 marks)

:.5:: Total 15 marks

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Explanation

(10 marks)

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(b) Both plants and humans store some of their unused nutrients'

(i) Name TWO storage organs in plants and the nutrients stored in EACH.

(2 marks)

(ii) Suggest THREE reasons why plants need to store nutrients.

(3 marks)

Total 15 marks

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NOTHING HAS BEE OMITTED.

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t. (a) Name FOUR major components that make up human blood, and explain how the oxygen
transported by the blood becomes available to cells for the production of energy.

Components

Explanation

(8 marks)

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 -17 -

:--v-'. (b) Sickle-cell anaemia is an inherited condition in which the blood of affected persons cannot
i+}i transport oxygen effi ciently.
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(i i) Fazul and Shanna both carry the sickle-cell trait. What is the chance that a child
born to them would suffer from sickle-cell anaemia? Explain your answer with
;-
the aid of a genetic diagram. Use the following symbols: A - normal; S - sickle-
cell.

___-!

(5 marks)

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:,-C}: Total 15 marks
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6. (a)
-18-

Genetic engineering technology can be used to improve crop plants.

Describe the process of genetic engineeringo and state TWO advantages and TWO
disadvantages of this technology.

(6 marks)

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A tomato farmer observes that one of his plants produces fruits with an attractive deep
red colour which he wants to preserve. He therefore selects the seeds from this fruit for
his next crop.

(i) Suggest what might have led to the appearance of this deep red colour, and describe
ONE negative implication for biological evolution.

(4 marks)

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(ii) Describe an approach, other than selecting seeds, that the farmer could have adopted
for introducing new traits in his tomato crop, and explain how this process differs
from the process occurring in nature.

(5 marks)

Total 15 marks

END OF TEST

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CITECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.

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EXTRA SPACE

If you use this extra page, you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided.

Question No.

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EXTRA SPACE

If you use this extra page, you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided.

Question No.

0 | 207 020 / JAN U ARY/F 20 | 6

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