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A crude oil refinery is a group of industrial facilities that turns crude oil and
other inputs into finished petroleum products.
The words light and heavy describe a crude oils density and its
resistance to flow (viscosity). Some, which are low in metals and sulfur
content, light in color and consistency, and flow easily, are known as light.
Less expensive, low-grade crude oils, which are higher in metals and sulfur
content, and must be heated to become fluid, are known as heavy.
Light crude has a low viscosity and because it has low wax content, it is a
liquid at room temperature. These properties make it easy to pump and
extract. Light oil constitutes approximately 30% of the worlds petroleum
reserves.
HYDROCARBON CATEGORIES:
The hydrocarbons in crude oil can generally be divided into four categories:
Aromatics: These can constitute anywhere from 3 to 30% of crude. They are
undesirable because burning them results in soot. They have a much less
hydrogen in comparison to carbon than is found in paraffins. They are also
more viscous. They are often solid or semi-solid when an equivalent paraffin
would be a viscous liquid under the same conditions.
COMPOSITION:
A single barrel of crude oil can produces the following components, which are
listed by percent of the barrel they constitute.
42% Gasoline
22% Diesel
9% Jet Fuel
5% Fuel Oil
2)
http://pascagoula.chevron.com/abouttherefinery/whatwedo/typesofcrudeoil.a
spx
3) http://www.petroleum.co.uk/classification
4) https://www.uop.com/processing-solutions/refining/gasoline/naphtha-
isomerization/
5) https://www.slideshare.net/MuhammadRashidUsman1/petroleum-refinery-
engineeringpart230july2016