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Wednesday, 17 July 2013
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DecisionTreeofTransmissionModes(TM)
95,047 forLTE

Tweetsby@zahidtg
ZahidGhadialy
@zahidtg

ChinaLTEsubscribers:
ChinaMobile535million(63%
ofitstotalsubs)
ChinaTelecom122mil(57%)
ChinaUnicom104.5mil(40%)

4h

ZahidGhadialyRetweeted

VarunDeshpande
@varund7

Reminderthatsoftwarecosts
0.7%whatitdidin1980.Tech
hasmadethingsinsanelycheap:
bloomberg.com/news/articles/
4G Americas have recently published whitepaper titled "MIMO and Smart
Antennas for Mobile Broadband Systems" (available here). The above picture and
the following is from that whitepaper:

Figure 3 above shows the taxonomy of antenna configurations supported in

Release10 of the LTE standard (as described in 3GPP Technical Specification TS
Embed ViewonTwitter 36.211, 36.300). The LTE standard supports 1, 2, 4 or 8 base station transmit
antennas and 2, 4 or 8 receive antennas in the User Equipment (UE), designated
as: 1x2, 1x4, 1x8, 2x2, 2x4, 2x8, 4x2, 4x4, 4x8, and 8x2, 8x4, and 8x8 MIMO,
where the first digit is the number of antennas per sector in the transmitter and
the second number is the number of antennas in the receiver. The cases where
Like3G4Gblog the base station transmits from a single antenna or a single dedicated beam are
shown in the left of the figure. The most commonly used MIMO Transmission
Mode (TM4) is in the lower right corner, Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing
(CLSM), when multiple streams can be transmitted in a channel with rank 2 or
more.

Beyond the single antenna or beamforming array cases diagrammed above, the
Followers(1025)Next
LTE standard supports Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna
configurations as shown on the right of Figure 3. This includes Single User (SU
MIMO) protocols using either open loop or closed loop modes as well as transmit
diversity and MultiUser MIMO (MUMIMO). In the closed loop MIMO mode, the
terminals provide channel feedback to the eNodeB with Channel Quality
Information (CQI), Rank Indications (RI) and Precoder Matrix Indications (PMI).
These mechanisms enable channel state information at the transmitter which
improves the peak data rates, and is the most commonly used scheme in current
deployments. However, this scheme provides the best performance only when
the channel information is accurate and when there is a rich multipath
environment. Thus, closed loop MIMO is most appropriate in low mobility
environments such as with fixed terminals or at pedestrian speeds.

In the case of high vehicular speeds, Open Loop MIMO may be used, but because
LiveActivity the channel state information is not timely, the PMI is not considered reliable
LiveTrafficFeed and is typically not used. In TDD networks, the channel is reciprocal and thus
the DL channel can be more accurately known based on the uplink transmissions
AvisitorfromFremont,California from the terminal (the forward links multipath channel signature is the same
viewed"The3G4GBlog:DecisionTree
as the reverse links both paths use the same frequency block). Thus, MIMO
ofTransmissionModes(TM)forLTEimproves TDD networks under wider channel conditions than in FDD networks.
AvisitorfromUnitedStatesarrived
10minsago
fromgoogle.comandviewed"The One may visualize spatial multiplexing MIMO operation as subtracting the
3G4GBlog:MNO,MVNO,MVNA, strongest received stream from the total received signal so that the next
strongest signal can be decoded and then the next strongest, somewhat like a
MVNEThedifferenttypesof
AvisitorfromManchesterarrivedfrom
multiuser detection scheme. However, to solve these simultaneous equations
operators"13minsago
google.co.ukandviewed"The3G4G for multiple unknowns, the MIMO algorithms must have relatively large Signal
Blog:QoSinVoWiFi"24minsago to Interference plus Noise ratios (SINR), say 15 dB or better. With many users
active in a base stations coverage area, and multiple base stations contributing
AvisitorfromToronto,Ontarioarrived
interference to adjacent cells, the SINR is often in the realm of a few dB. This
fromgoogle.caandviewed"The3G4G is particularly true for frequency reuse 1 systems, where only users very close to
Blog:DifferencebetweenSDUand the cell site experience SINRs high enough to benefit from spatial multiplexing
PDU"31minsago
AvisitorfromIndiaarrivedfrom SUMIMO. Consequently, SUMIMO works to serve the single user (or few users)
very well, and is primarily used to increase the peak data rates rather than the
google.co.inandviewed"The3G4G median data rate in a network operating at full capacity.
Blog:NewLTEAUECategory9and
10inRel11"42minsago
AvisitorfromGermanyarrivedfrom Angle of Arrival (AoA) beamforming schemes form beams which work well
when the base station is clearly above the clutter and when the angular spread
google.comandviewed"The3G4G of the arrival is small, corresponding to users that are well localized in the field
Blog:QuicksummaryonLTEand of view of the sector; in rural areas, for example. To form a beam, one uses
UMTS/HSPARelease12evolutionby copolarized antenna elements spaced rather closely together, typically
AvisitorfromIran,IslamicRepublicof
3GPP"54minsago lamda/2, while the spatial diversity required of MIMO requires either cross
viewed"The3G4GBlog:DecisionTree polarized antenna columns or columns that are relatively far apart. Path
ofTransmissionModes(TM)forLTEdiversity will couple more when the antennas columns are farther apart, often
1hr19minsago
AvisitorfromMadridviewed"The
about 10 wavelengths (1.5m or 5 at 2 GHz). That is why most 2G and 3G tower
sites have two receive antennas located at far ends of the sectors platform, as
3G4GBlog"1hr21minsago seen in the photo to the right. The signals to be transmitted are multiplied by
AvisitorfromCupertino,California complexvalued precoding weights from standardized codebooks to form the
arrivedfromsmallcells.3g4g.co.uk antenna patterns with their beamlike main lobes and their nulls that can be
directed toward sources of interference. The beamforming can be created, for
viewed"The3G4GBlog:Facebook's example, by the UE PMI feedback pointing out the preferred precoder (fixed
AttempttoConnecttheUnconnected
AvisitorfromUnitedKingdomarrivedbeam) to use when operating in the closed loop MIMO mode TM4.
hr34minsago
fromgoogle.com.saandviewed"The For more details, see the whitepaper available here.
3G4GBlog:July2015"1hr35mins
RealtimeviewGetFeedjit
Related posts:

LTEA: Downlink Transmission Mode 9 (TM9)

R&S Whitepaper: LTE Transmission Modes and Beamforming
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Our World Without Mobile :)
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AboutZahid
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RecentComments
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at 15:18 to network mode of operation
nmo ()

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14:40 to network mode of operation nmo
()

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