What are the
different types?
1. Essential hypertension.
This type of hypertension is
diagnosed after a doctor
notices that your blood
pressure is high on three or
more visits and eliminates all
other causes of hypertension.
2. Secondary hypertension.
The most common cause of
secondary hypertension is an
abnormality in the arteries
supplying blood to the
kidneys.
3. systolic hypertension is
defined as an elevated
systolic blood pressure (SBP).
If the systolic blood pressure
is elevated (>140) with a
normal (<90) diastolic blood
pressure (DBP)
4. Malignant hypertension is
extremely high blood
pressure that develops
rapidly and causes some
type of organ damage
5. Resistant hypertension is
defined as blood pressure
that remains above goal
despite concurrent use of
three antihypertensive
agents of different classes
What are the What causes
symptoms of hypertension?
hypertension?
Primary hypertension: This type of
High blood pressure is a largely high blood pressure, tends to develop
gradually over many years.
symptomless silent killer. But there
are still a few things that you may
Secondary hypertension: Some people
notice if you have hypertension, but
have high blood pressure caused by
these things do not necessarily mean
an underlying condition. Various
you are suffering from hypertension.
conditions and medications can lead
to secondary hypertension, including:
1. Blood spots in the eyes:
Blood spots in the eyes
Kidney problems
(subconjunctival hemorrhage)
are more common in people
Adrenal gland tumors
with diabetes or high blood
pressure, but neither condition
Thyroid problems
causes the blood spots
2. Facial flushing: Certain defects in blood vessels you're
Facial flushing occurs when born with (congenital)
blood vessels in the face dilate.
While facial flushing may occur Certain medications, such as birth
while your blood pressure is control pills, cold remedies,
higher than usual, high blood decongestants, over-the-counter pain
relievers and some prescription drugs
pressure is not the cause of
facial flushing
Illegal drugs, such as cocaine and
amphetamines
3. Dizziness:
While dizziness can be a side Alcohol abuse or chronic alcohol use
effect of some blood pressure
medication, it is not caused by It also rises in response to
high blood pressure. High blood excitement, anxiety and physical
pressure is a leading risk factor activity.
for a stroke
Other key contributors include lifestyle
factors, such as:
5. tests may include urine tests,
A salt-rich diet associated with
processed and fatty foods
Alcohol and tobacco use.
Physical inactivity
measurements outside the beans, pulses, and nuts, and
doctor's office omega-3-rich fish twice a week
4. Reducing weight and
kidney ultrasound imaging, maintaining it -weight
blood tests, an reduction is followed by a fall in
blood pressure
electrocardiogram (ECG)
5. Regular physical exercise
and/or an echocardiograph
-30 min, 5 to 7 days a week
6. Stress reduction

Medical
Testing
1. Diagnosis of hypertension is
made by measuring blood
pressure over a number of
clinic visits, using a
sphygmomamometer. An
isolated high reading is not
taken as proof of
hypertension.
2. diagnosis can be made after
elevated readings are taken
on at least three separate
days.
3. Measurements may be taken
at the doctor's office while a
patient is seated and after
standing; this helps the
doctor to look for orthostatic
or postural hypotension
4. reliability of blood pressure
readings may be improved by
having a patient or someone
else take a series of
What is
Treatments Hypertension?
The lifestyle measures shown to
reduce blood pressure are: noun: hypertension
1. Salt restriction - typical salt 1. abnormally high blood
intake is between 9 and 12 g a pressure.
day and modest blood pressure
reductions can be achieved o a state of great
even in people with normal
psychological stress.
levels by lowering salt to around
5 g a day
2. Moderation of alcohol
consumption - expert
guidelines say moving from
moderate to excessive drinking
is "associated both with raised
blood pressure and with an
increased risk of stroke
3. High consumption of
vegetables and fruits and
low-fat-advised to minimize
intake of saturated fat and total
fat and to eat whole-grain, high-
fibre foods, at least 300 g of
fruit and vegetables a day,
 Period #4
By: Joselin Vazquez