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1
2 2 GREEK CRISIS
to Turkey had ended in 1947, the U.S. dispatched military moved from being wartime allies to Cold War adver-
aid to ensure that Turkey would retain chief control of the saries. Soviet imperialism in Eastern Europe, its delayed
passage. Turkey received $100 million in economic and withdrawal from Iran, and the breakdown of Allied co-
military aid and the U.S sent the aircraft carrier Franklin operation in Germany provided a backdrop of escalating
D. Roosevelt. The postwar period from 1946 started with tensions for the Truman Doctrine.[6] To Harry S. Truman,
a "multi-party period" and the Democratic Party govern- the growing unrest in Greece began to look like a pincer
ment of Adnan Menderes.[7] movement against the oil-rich areas of the Middle East
and the warm-water ports of the Mediterranean.[10]
2 Greek crisis
Main article: Greek Civil War
In the second stage of the civil war in December 1944
tending a protective shield around non-communist coun- [10] Painter 2012, p. 29: Although circumstances diered
tries throughout the world. It echoed the "quarantine greatly in Greece, Turkey, and Iran, U.S. ocials inter-
the aggressor" policy Trumans predecessor, Franklin D. preted events in all three places as part of a Soviet plan
Roosevelt, had sought to impose to contain German and to dominate the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle
Japanese expansion in 1937--(quarantine suggested the East. Mention of oil was deliberately deleted from Pres-
ident Harry S. Trumans March 12, 1947, address be-
role of public health ocials handling an infectious dis-
fore Congress pledging resistance to communist expan-
ease). The medical metaphor extended beyond the im- sion anywhere in the world; but guarding access to oil was
mediate aims of the Truman Doctrine in that the imagery an important part of the Truman Doctrine. The Truman
combined with re and ood imagery evocative of disas- Doctrine was named after Harry S. Truman. This doc-
ter provided the United States with an easy transition to trine stated that that the United States would provide po-
direct military confrontation in later years with commu- litical, military and economic assistance to all democratic
nist forces in Korea and Vietnam. By ideological dier- nations under threat from external or internal authoritar-
ences in life or death terms, Truman was able to garner ian forces.
support for this communism-containing policy.[16] One draft, for example, of Trumans speech spoke of
the great natural resources of the Middle East at stake
(Kolko & Kolko 1972, p. 341).
5 See also [11] Freeland, Richard M. (1970). The Truman Doctrine and
the Origins of McCarthyism. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. pp. g.
Liberal internationalism 90.
Gaddis, John Lewis. Reconsiderations: Was the Oner, Arnold A. "'Another Such Victory': Pres-
Truman Doctrine a Real Turning Point?" Foreign ident Truman, American Foreign Policy, and the
Aairs 1974 52(2): 386402. ISSN 0015-7120 Cold War. Diplomatic History 1999 23(2): 127
155.ISSN 0145-2096
Hinds, Lynn Boyd, and Theodore Otto Windt Jr.
The Cold War as Rhetoric: The Beginnings, 1945 Pach Jr., Chester J. Arming the Free World: The
1950 (1991) online edition Origins of the United States Military Assistance Pro-
gram, 19451950, (1991) online edition
Iatrides, John O. and Nicholas X. Rizopoulos. The
Painter, David S. (2012). Oil and the American
International Dimension of the Greek Civil War.
Century (PDF). The Journal of American History.
World Policy Journal 2000 17(1): 87103. ISSN
99 (1): 2439. doi:10.1093/jahist/jas073.
0740-2775 Fulltext: in Ebsco
Pieper, Moritz A. (2012). Containment and the
Ivie, Robert L. (1999). Fire, Flood, and Red Fever: Cold War: Reexaming the Doctrine of Containment
Motivating Metaphors of Global Emergency in the as a Grand Strategy Driving US Cold War Inter-
Truman Doctrine Speech. Presidential Studies ventions. StudentPulse.com. Retrieved 22 August
Quarterly. 29 (3): 570591. doi:10.1111/j.0268- 2012.
2141.2003.00050.x.
Spalding, Elizabeth Edwards. The First Cold War-
Jerey, Judith S. Ambiguous Commitments and Un- rior: Harry Truman, Containment, And the Remak-
certain Policies: The Truman Doctrine in Greece, ing of Liberal Internationalism (2006)
19471952 (2000). 257 pp.
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