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10
21/05/2008
Copyright:
2008 Trend Control Systems Limited,
Horsham, West Sussex, U.K.
Section 0 - Page 4 of 8 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10
Major Clients
Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Section 0 - Page 5 of 8
Networking And The ISO/OSI 7 Layer Model
7 Application
6 Presentation
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data-Link
1 Physical
7 Application
6 Presentation
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data-Link
1 Physical
TCP/IP Responsibility
963,
4 Application
3xtend,IQ3xcite
3 Transport TCP/UDP
2 Network IP
Section 1 - Page 4 of 6 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10
Protocol Layers - Encapsulation
Data
TCP
Segment CRC
Header
IP
Header Packet CRC
Ethernet
Header Frame CRC
TCP TCP
Segment CRC Segment CRC
Header Header
IP IP
Header Packet CRC Header Packet CRC
Ethernet Ethernet
Frame CRC Frame CRC
Header Header
Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Section 1 - Page 5 of 6
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Section 1 - Page 6 of 6 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10
Network Standards - 10 Base F
2000m
transceiver
Drop
cable
Section 2 - Page 8 of 14 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10
Address Resolution Protocol
Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Section 2 - Page 9 of 14
Ethernet Media Access Control
POW!
Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Section 2 - Page 13 of 14
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Section 2 - Page 14 of 14 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10
Repeater - A Physical Layer Device
Repeater
Host A Host B
Segment A Segment B
10BaseT networks use 'Hubs' as repeaters, with
the same effect.
100m 10BaseT 100m
HUB
Host A Host B
Segment A Segment A
There is a limit to the number of repeaters
installed on a network.
Section 3 - Page 2 of 10 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10
Dual-Speed Hub - A Physical Layer Device
Dual speed
Network Hub Network
Running Running
At 10mb/s At 100mb/s
Host A Host B
Segment A Segment A
Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Section 3 - Page 3 of 10
Switch - A Data-Link Layer Device
Host C Host D
00:68:AF:61:87:45:BF 02:56:1B:46:86:65:BC
Entry
MAC Address Port No.
No.
Switch 1 00:68:AF:36:89:15:AB 2
2 10:78:AB:35:96:35:BB 3
3
4
Media Media
Convertor Convertor
Management
Information
Base (MIB)
Ethernet device
or HOST
ROUTER or
GATEWAY
HOST
Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Section 3 - Page 7 of 10
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Section 4 - Page 6 of 6 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10
Network Layer (3) - IP Addresses
Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Section 5 - Page 3 of 14
Network Layer (3) - Who Assigns The Address?
ISP
IANA
Router/Firewall ISP
IQ 3xcite
Private Internal
IANA
Addressing
Scheme
Any messages destined for the
Internet are translated via the Firewall.
For example
131.57.52.117 = Class B
216.225.240.4 = Class C
Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Section 5 - Page 5 of 14
Network Classes - Theory
192.170.57.11 192.170.58.12
Same Physical Network 9
Same Network ID 8
RIGHT:
192.170.57.11 192.170.57.12
Same Physical Network 9
Same Network ID 9
Section 5 - Page 6 of 14 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10
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Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Section 5 - Page 9 of 14
The Subnet Mask
Network ID Host ID
128.10 11.23
Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Section 5 - Page 11 of 14
Host Name
Section 6 - Page 2 of 16 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10
Assigning An IP Address To A PC
Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Section 6 - Page 3 of 16
Assigning An IP Address To A PC
1. Click 'Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP)'
and then
'Properties'
2. Choose "Use
the following IP
address".
Section 6 - Page 4 of 16 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10
Routing tables
The diagram below shows four routers in a large network. One of the routers has
an empty routing table. Study the completed routers and use this information to fill
in the empty table.
An address of 0.0.0.0 in a table picks up all networks not otherwise listed and is
used for global addressing.
Network ID =
192.21.34.0
Router 1
Network ID =
192.21.140.0
Router 2
Network Gateway Netmask 192.21.140.16
192.21.34.0 192.21.140.20 255.255.255.0
192.21.140.0 Direct 255.255.255.0
192.21.1.16
192.21.1.0 Direct 255.255.255.0
0.0.0.0 192.21.1.15 255.255.255.0
Network ID =
192.21.1.0
Router 3
Network Gateway Netmask
192.21.1.15 192.21.34.0 192.21.1.16 255.255.255 .0
192.21.140.0 192.21.1.16 255.255.255.0
192.21.64.2 192.21.1.0 Direct 255.255.255.0
192.21.64.0 Direct 255.255.255.0
0.0.0.0 192.21.64.1 255.255.255.0
Network ID =
192.21.64.0
Router 4 192.21.64.1
Network Gateway Netmask
192.21.34.0 192.21.64.2 255.255.255.0
200.16.34.12
192.21.140.0 192.21.64.2 255.255.255.0
192.21.1.0 192.21.64.2 255.255.255.0 INTERNET
192.21.64.0 Direct 255.255.255.0
0.0.0.0 200.16.34.20 255.255.255.0
Section 6 - Page 10 of 16 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10
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Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Section 6 - Page 11 of 16
Using Trace Route
Exercise - Tracert
1. Open a command window on your PC and use TRACERT directed to a PC on
the other side of the room. We only have one router so you will see only one hop.
Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Section 6 - Page 13 of 16
Transmission Control Protocol
E
IQ == XCITE
=3 xtend
IQ
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Section 9 - Page 2 of 10 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10
User Datagram Protocol
IQ == XCITE IQ == XCITE
E E
EINC EINC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Section 9 - Page 3 of 10
Sockets And Ports
Therefore a socket defines the full
communications path.
Section 9 - Page 4 of 10 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10
Transport Layer - Ports & Sockets
IE 963
171.192.56.10 171.192.56.7
Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Section 9 - Page 5 of 10
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Section 9 - Page 10 of 10 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10
What is a Firewall?
WAN
Firewall
Blocked
Allowed
WAN
B
3) The reply from B will be sent to
200.200.1.1, therefore the firewall
will forward this to A.
Ethernet Awareness Iss 5.10 2008 Trend Control Systems Limited, Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Section 10 - Page 3 of 4
How Firewalls Work
Packet-Filtering Firewalls:
The firewall is set up to block communications between the
two networks unless a rule is configured. The rule is based
on port number, source and destination IP address.
171.16.10.2 171.16.10.3
Firewall Pool
171.16.10.5 201.200.10.X
171.16.10.1
EINC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
WAN
AD = 25 Vcnc
Port 10025
IQ
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Fixed IP
address for BMS
Bureau @ 199.100.5.1