The Cathedral International Model United Nations,

2014
Fdration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)
Background Guide

Agenda A: Security of clubs and players of countries in war or conflict zones.

Agenda B: Eradication of discrimination across all aspects.

The Cathedral International Model United Nations, 2014 FIFA

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................................... 2

MESSAGE FROM THE SECRETARY GENERAL .................................................................................................................. 3

MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR OF THE FDRATION INTERNATIONALE DE FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION (FIFA) ............... 4

ABOUT THE FDRATION INTERNATIONALE DE FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION (FIFA) .......................................................... 5

AGENDA A: SECURITY OF CLUBS AND PLAYERS IN COUNTRIES IN WAR OR CONFLICT ZONES ....................................... 7

AGENDA B: ERADICATION OF DISCRIMINATION ACROSS ALL ASPECTS ........................................................................19

RESEARCH GUIDANCE ..................................................................................................................................................30

BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................................................31

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Message from the Secretary General

Dear Delegates,

Clear your calendars, stitch your suits, learn The UN Charter and take the scenic drive to Lonavala, because
CIMUN is back on the calendar. The greatest and most enjoyable MUN on the circuit is back and is ready to
outshine the phenomenal conference of last year. No matter your experience on the MUN circuit, CIMUN will
surely be your most memorable MUN; one which you will reminisce over when all of you are sitting in
conference rooms, hoping you were donning the white and blue flag of The UN.

Just look at the committees that are present. You can fulfil your dream of negotiating with other species and
making Star Wars-like decisions (Havent we all had that dream!) in the Inter-Galactic Federation. If aliens
arent much to your liking, then maybe being a world-class lawyer without the Harvard law degree or the reading
of those gargantuan books in The United Nations Special Court on War Crimes, will be more suitable. Not
wanting to be left out of the football fever, this year CIMUN will have the FIFA as a committee, which will
help us relate global issues with the global sport. The Security Council (more like the secretive council), will be
pushing delegates to the limits by giving them their agendas in confidential files on the day of the conference
itself. The Disarmament and Security Council will address some of the most pressing issues of the day, while
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime will tackle issues that experienced delegates have not been able
to solve. While, every committee will be changing the world The Press will be busy reporting this and bringing
the proceedings of the committee to the world. Despite, the overwhelming variety and reach of these committees
(from outer-space to courts in Hague), they are all tied together by the common thread of civil war, the engulfing
strife that has plagued the world in its entirety.

When all of this condenses itself into the comprehensive resolution, which seems like the Holy Grail for the
United Nations, the true power and goal of your presence is seen in clear sight; to solve problems that have
vexed the world and all its genius. A MUN is a place to show the power of the youth, a place where we see what
the fresh and budding minds of the Y-generation can accomplish what the years of experience and theory of the
previous generation couldnt. After years of accumulating hatred and anger against the injustices and atrocities
of the world, and after being enabled and empowered by education and through institutions like The United
Nations, our emotions are shown in MUNs. We solve global issues, but unlike our predecessors we do not wage
war, but rather we negotiate and use powerful diplomacy to solve them. That is the need for MUNs in the world,
to prepare the youth for the responsibilities that they must shoulder in the future.

CIMUN promises to be all this and much more. But it will not be all work and no play. There will be
mesmerising socials where you forge life-lasting friendships (and maybe more) and press issues filled with juicy
gossip. You can also enjoy the humbling mountains of The Western Ghats when you get tired of solving the
worlds problems.

CIMUN has everything that a young delegate like you could want. I hope your stay at CIMUN will be as
rewarding as my experience has been heading this driver of change.

Keep in mind Nitwit! Oddment! Blubber! Tweak!

Nihar Dalal
Secretary General

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Message from the director of the Fdration

Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)
Hello Delegates,

Welcome to the first ever simulation of FIFA Congress at the 3rd session of the Cathedral
International Model United Nations Conference. The FIFA Congress is one of the most unique
councils of all times to be simulated in a Model UN setting. The delegates can expect a good mixture
of fun and debate during the three days. The Executive Board expects the delegates to be well versed
with all aspects of the two agendas as well as the functioning of the FIFA at large. FIFA unlike
UEFA has agendas beyond regulation of leagues and games. So one must remember the larger role
played by FIFA in using football for development and how it aims at development of the game in a
long term context, which is why our agendas are important, because they would determine the
transformation in the games future.

We assure that all football fans will have a blast but expect delegates to remember that their primary
responsibility remains upholding the interests of their nation as well as countering the challenges that
this great sport currently faces. This committee will include discussions on the topics other than plain
football which affect FIFA as a whole.

We have attempted to make this background guide in such a way that it fulfils its objective of giving
the delegates a fair first impression of both the agendas as well as communicate the expectations of
the Executive Board.

The agendas were decided after having serious deliberation on other possible agendas as well. Once
while surfing YouTube for football videos, I came across a video that showed different fights that
have taken place in football. This prompted me into thinking whether both, the players and clubs
were safe given the amount of violence that takes place in football. Hence, we came up with Agenda
A Security of clubs and players in war or conflict zones.

Agenda B, Eradication of Discrimination in all its aspects, came to our minds when corruption
within FIFA was highlighted in the papers. We feel that discussion on this agenda should be of
utmost importance as corruption in todays world is dividing not only FIFA but the whole world too.
We expect the debate on this topic to be of the highest level.

We would also like to inform you that any queries and doubts whatsoever, both before and during the
council can be addressed and we shall be glad to help you. Hope to see fruitful discussions and
comprehensive strategies to counter these global problems over the three days. Heres hoping to see
a bunch of exuberant football enthusiasts quenching their fanfare at our conference and awaiting a
surprise at the end of their three day experience.
Thank You

Param Nagda

Director, FIFA

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About the Fdration Internationale de Football

Association (FIFA)
Often referred to as the United Nations of the sporting world, the Fdration Internationale de Football
Association (FIFA) Congress is soccers supreme legislative body. With 209 participating member
states, more than the UN, it is one of the worlds largest and oldest non-governmental organizations.
FIFA was established in Paris, France, in 1904, with the first FIFA Congress held in Vienna, Austria,
in 1908. FIFAs headquarters are now in Zurich, Switzerland, with ordinary or extraordinary
Congresses taking place annually in different host nations. Like the UNs General Assemblies, each
FIFA member receives only one vote, regardless of size or footballing power.

The Congress is bound by the FIFA Statutes, soccers constitution that provides the basic laws for
international soccer, and works to preserve and improve the games integrity. The Statutes also
promote a strong stance against racism and other forms of discrimination and human rights abuses in
the soccer world.
The need for a single body to oversee association football became apparent at the beginning of the
20th century with the increasing popularity of international fixtures. FIFA was founded in Paris on
21 May 1904; the French name and acronym persist even outside French-speaking countries. The
founding members were the national associations of Belgium, Denmark, France, the Netherlands,
Spain (represented by Madrid Football Club; the Spanish federation was not created until
1913), Sweden and Switzerland. Also, that same day, the German Association declared its intention
of affiliating through a telegram.
The first president of FIFA was Robert Gurin. Gurin was replaced in 1906 by Daniel Burley
Woolfall from England, by then a member of the association. The first tournament FIFA staged, the
association football competition for the 1908 Olympics in London was more successful than its
Olympic predecessors, despite the presence of professional footballers, contrary to the founding
principles of FIFA.

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Since the 1994 FIFA World Cup, like the UEFA Champions League, FIFA has adopted an anthem
composed by the German composer Franz Lambert. It has been recently re-arranged and produced
by Rob May and Simon Hill. The FIFA Anthem is played at the beginning of official FIFA
sanctioned matches and tournaments such as international friendlies, the FIFA World Cup, FIFA
Women's World Cup, FIFA U-20 World Cup, FIFA U-17 World Cup, Football at the Summer
Olympics, FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, FIFA Women's U-17 World Cup, FIFA Futsal World
Cup, FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup and FIFA Club World Cup.[5]
Since 2007, FIFA has also required most of its broadcast partners to use short sequences including
the anthem at the beginning and end of FIFA event coverage, as well as for break bumpers, to help
promote FIFA's sponsors. This emulates practices long used by some other international football
events such as the UEFA Champions League. Exceptions may be made for specific events; for
example, an original piece of African music was used for bumpers during the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

In a Panorama documentary broadcast on BBC One on 29 November 2010, Jennings alleged that three
senior FIFA officials, Nicolas Leoz, Issa Hayatou and Ricardo Teixeira, had been paid huge bribes by
FIFA's marketing partner International Sports Leisure (ISL) between 1989 and 1999, which FIFA had
failed to investigate. He claimed they appeared on a list of 175 bribes paid by ISL, totalling about
$100 million. A former ISL executive said that there were suspicions within ISL that the company was
only awarded the marketing contract for successive World Cups by paying bribes to FIFA officials.
The programme also alleged that another current official, Jack Warner, has been repeatedly involved
in reselling World Cup tickets to touts; Sepp Blatter said that FIFA had not investigated the allegation
because it had not been told about it via 'official channels'. The FIFA has been subject to corruption
allegations ever since.

The FIFA Congress, the most-critical gathering of international football's governing body, used to
assemble every two years. But since 1998, this gathering of the global football family has taken place
annually in an extraordinary meeting. The introduction of annual meetings allows footballs
parliament to influence decisions concerning an ever-growing number of issues.

The Congress makes decisions relating to FIFA's governing statutes and the method by which they are
implemented and applied. It also approves the annual report, decides on the acceptance of new national
associations and holds elections, most notably for the FIFA presidency. In the spirit of true democracy,
each national association has one vote, regardless of its size or footballing strength.

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Agenda A: Security of clubs and players in

countries in war or conflict zones
Less democracy is sometimes better for organizing a World Cup - FIFA Secretary
General Jrme Valcke
In this agenda, we will talk about the security of clubs and players at both international and domestic
levels. Remember, this is the reason why we have included both corruption and hooliganism.

Security is the state of being free from danger or threat. In football, this means that the players and
clubs is free of danger or threat. But, always is not the case. The major ways in which the security of
clubs and players is affected is through football hooliganism and corruption.

As the largest sports governing body in the world, FIFA has thus been plagued with controversies of
all magnitudes. Soccer is by far the worlds most popular sport, with billions of dollars invested in the
game yearly. In light of the vast amounts of money circulating through the soccer system, it is
unsurprising that rampant accusations of corruption have infiltrated FIFA.

In North America it can be difficult to grasp the worldwide importance of soccer, and by association,
FIFA. To put into perspective the global mania of soccer, FIFA reports that over 1 billion people saw
the final match of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. In contrast, the most watched event to ever air on U.S.
television was the 2014 Super Bowl, which attracted a mere 112.2 million viewers. Soccer also boasts
the worlds most valuable sports teams; in 2013, Forbes top 50 most valuable sports teams were
crowned by the trifecta of Real Madrid, Manchester United and FC Barcelona. Corporate sponsorship
is the fuel for the soccer fire, with more money invested in soccer than any other sport. And of the
approximately $400 billion gambled yearly, up to 60% of it is bet on soccer. Unfortunately, the vast
amount of money to be had in soccer has resulted in equally vast amounts of corruption in everything
from referees, to individual clubs, to the organization of FIFA itself.

The corruption in FIFA has far-reaching effects. Organized crime is the greatest winner, reaping huge
benefits from match fixing. With advances in modern communication, criminal organizations in East
Asia are able to profit by gambling on matches fixed mainly in Eastern and Southern Europe. African
countries have also seen shocking examples of match fixing; in 2013, the Nigerian league saw a team
win 79-0 in a playoff promotion match. The players involved have since been banned for life.
Organized crime is thus corrupting the integrity of the sport, which is detrimental not only for soccer
fans but also for corporations and governments. Modern-day soccer now requires incredible
investment in the forms of infrastructure, television rights and sponsorship deals. The corruption of
the game by organized crime thus corrupts more than the sport itself.

Once known as the working mans sport, today, soccer is controlled by the wealthy and the powerful.
Politicians, Sheikhs, Russian oligarchs and everyday men and women find themselves interconnected
in the soap opera that has become modern day soccer. Unfortunately, in the drama of it all, the integrity
of the game has often been lost. It is important to remember that this integrity is needed to ensure that

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individuals, governments and even corporations are treated fairly as they involve themselves in the
beautiful game.

Football hooliganism has no specific legal definition though it is yet defined as the unruly, violent, and
destructive behaviour by overzealous supporters of football clubs, including brawling, vandalism and
intimidation. The term was created by the media, the tabloid press in particular, in the mid-1960s.
Since then, they have been extremely flexible and indeterminate in ascribing the "hooligan" label to
different incidents.
The perpetuation of football hooliganism can be linked to the high level of drama, aggression and petit
mal that overcomes players in the 90 minutes of rigid warfare on the football field.
Often portrayed as the "English Disease," hooliganism originates in the rich English football culture
of 1880s. The first instance took place in a game between Preston North End and Aston Villa, which
ended with rival fans pelting each other with stones and sticksthe "second leg" being fought at a
railway station the following season.

Football hooliganism involves a wide range of behaviour including taunting, spitting, unarmed
fighting, throwing of objects onto the pitch (coins, missiles) either in an attempt to harm players or a
gesture of insult, use of pyrotechnic devices like flares and smoke bombs, and disorderly crowd
behaviour such as pushing, which may cause stadium fixtures such as fences and walls to collapse.
Similar effects can occur when law-abiding crowds try to flee the disorder caused by hooligans.

The role of the tabloids' coverage of hooliganism is an important one. The media play an important
part in constructing the public's understanding and viewing of the phenomenon. Sensationalized
reporting of football factions to sell papers is somewhat of a misdemeanour that football cannot afford
at the moment.

This leaves both clubs and players uncertain as to what is going to happen to them at a particular time.
Corruption leaves the players and clubs wondering whether they have done any wrong while
hooliganism leads to them being uncertain about their physical safety.

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The Problem

Football is universally and deservedly known as the beautiful game.' But even the most beautiful of
things have ugly defects, and football, which is no exception, has to deal with hooliganism. This
hooliganism leads to the clubs, players and supporters being unsafe. FIFA's stance on the issue has
always been a vague oneit neither deploys nor does it defy change. With important games often
ending rather precariously due to "stupid" refereeing decisions, it is now time to bid adieu to the sacred
rules and start bringing in changespositive changes, I might add.

FIFA President Joseph Sepp Blatter says that the fight against hooliganism and corruption is made
difficult owing to the large section of the populace that is involved in the sport.
-As an institution, football has 300 million members, the same as the population of the USA, he
told FIFA.com.
-With so many people involved, there will always be people who break the rules, that is something
you cannot prevent. You cannot speak about a corrupt organisation based on the actions of
individuals.
He, however, confirmed that his institution has put measures in place to fight the two vices.
We do everything possible to fight against it.
-For example, we work together with Transparency International. The Ethics Committee combats
and decides on any persons who are uncovered
- Furthermore, we have brought in the Swiss anti-corruption expert Mark Pieth to advise us on the
prevention of corruption. Hooliganism is a question of education and the organisation of security.

It is against the virtue of justice itself that the many are punished for the actions of the few. Yet this
notion is reinforced both in and outside of football, from grade school to adulthood, in Europe and the
Americas. By making everyone but the hooligans feel shame and guilt, the people that would otherwise

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not have partaken in law-breaking in the first place are given a "warning." In the end, it is nothing
more than a "temporary fix" to keep the real law-breakers at bay.
According to FIFA, "should such incidents occur again, the FIFA Disciplinary Committee would be
left with no other option than to impose harsher sanctions against these associations, which could go
as far as a match forfeit, a points deduction or disqualification from the competition". But what do the
federations - or, more importantly, the players - have to do with a handful of troublemakers?

If the consequences do not bring long-term results, such as minimizing or removing hooliganism from
games, what, then, is the purpose of the punishment?

Occurrences

There have been a lot of instances of football hooliganism in the past. It still continues and we do not
think it is going to stop. Here are some instances of football hooliganism that have taken place in the
past. Football hooliganism generally happens when the rivalries between clubs are at a high. These
rivalries include both intra-country and inter-country rivalries.

In England, most rivalries are based on derbies. Examples of such rivalries are the Sheffield derby, the
feisty London derbies, the Manchester derbies, and the bitter Welsh rivalry between the clubs Cardiff
City and Swansea. Home Office figures for the 2008-09 season show an average of only 1.18 arrests
per match, an overall total of 3,752 from the 38 million people who attended games in England and
Wales that year. The authorities aim to keep it that way, although they remain vigilant and will be
concerned by the outbreaks of violence this summer.

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The tipping point for English hooliganism came at Euro 2000, when rioting in Charleroi led to UEFA
threatening England with expulsion and forced Tony Blair, then prime minister, to apologise.
Parliament then passed the Football Disorder Act 2000, giving courts the power to issue banning orders
and confiscate passports to keep troublemakers away from games.

1. On April 15, 1989 in Sheffield, ninety-five people were killed and at least 200 injured in
Britain's worst sports disaster after a crowd surge crushed packed fans against barriers at the
English F.A. Cup semi-final match between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest at the
Hillsborough stadium.

2. The Chelsea-Barcelona Champions League encounter two seasons ago was a prime example
of tempers soaring high amongst players with Didier Drogba, Chelsea's spearhead,
audaciously attacking the referee at the end of the "controversial" game.
The Xavi-Mourinho verbal clash in the ill-fated Champions League game a couple of seasons
ago demonstrated ambiguity between the two clubs, with the foul-mouthed Mourinho's
celebrations greeted with sprinklers at the end of the clash at Camp Nou.

3. In the 2013 FA Cup semi-final between Wigan Athletic and Milwall FC, 14 Milwall
supporters were arrested because of infighting between the supporters of the club. Some
supporters were left bloodied while others were in tears.

4. The Heysel Stadium Disaster occurred on 29 May 1985 when escaping fans were pressed
against a wall in the Heysel Stadium in Brussels, Belgium, before the start of the 1985
European Cup Final between Juventus of Italy and Liverpool of England. 39 people, mostly
Juventus fans, died, and 600 were injured. Approximately 1 hour before the Juventus-
Liverpool final was due to kick off, a large group of Liverpool fans breached a fence
separating them from a "neutral area" which contained mostly Juventus fans. They ran back
on the terraces and away from the threat into a concrete retaining wall. Fans already seated
near the wall were crushed; eventually the wall collapsed. Many people climbed over to
safety, but many others died or were badly injured. The game was played despite the disaster
in order to prevent further violence. The tragedy resulted in all English football clubs being
placed under an indefinite ban by UEFA from all European competitions (lifted in 199091),
with Liverpool being excluded for an additional 3 years, later reduced to 1, and fourteen
Liverpool fans found guilty of manslaughter and each sentenced to three years' imprisonment.
The disaster was later described as "The darkest hour in the history of the UEFA
competitions."

5. The 2014 Coppa Italia-Italys version of the FA Cup, final between Napoli and Fiorentina
was delayed by 45 minutes due to violence and shootings started by the Ultras, the organised
fans associated with much of the violence that surrounds the game in Italy.

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6. Privately, the FA, BTP, the police on the ground and the government understand they have to
remain wary. They point to last August's trouble between West Ham and Millwall during a
Carling Cup tie in east London in which an innocent Millwall supporter was stabbed, West
Ham fans invaded the pitch and police made 64 arrests. West Ham was fined 115,000.

7. In a Premier League match in 2013 between local rivals, Newcastle United and Sunderland,
four police officers were injured as trouble broke out in Newcastle following Sunderlands 3-
0 win at St James Park.

8. Much of the world may have already forgotten about the violent actions exhibited by
Brazilian soccer fans on February 1st against Brazilian Football League team Corinthians, but
soccer players are not so quick to forget. The incident occurred when reportedly one-hundred
fans broke through wire fencing at the Corinthians training facility. One player of the club
was grabbed by the neck by angry fans while most players and staff fled safely to the locker
room before police entered the scene. As a result, in a show of solidarity, Corinthian players
as well as players from nineteen other Brazilian clubs threatened to strike until the league
took action to ensure player safety. Corinthians players released this statement explaining
their feelings: We are fed up with these unpunished acts of violence in football. The
grotesque scenes of violence this weekend indicate that an unprecedented tragedy is about to
occur at the workplace of professional clubs across Brazil. We will not accept that. We need
to put a stop to this by creating a task force that can offer proper security to professional
players and the righteous fans. Despite this call for action, no strike occurred due to the fear
that players on smaller clubs in the league would lose their jobs.

9. One incident, dubbed the 2006 Basel Hooligan Incident, occurred on 13 May 2006, the last
day of the 2005-06 season, when FC Zrich defeated FC Basel at St. Jakob Park to win the
Swiss championship with a last-minute goal. After the final whistle, angry Basel hooligans
stormed the field and attacked Zrich players. The Zrich team were forced to celebrate in
the upper deck of the stands while the fighting continued. There was similar fighting in the
streets that night

Football hooliganism in Spain arises from two main sources. The first is racism, as
some black players have been victims of ethnic slurs. Samuel Eto'o, a former FC Barcelona player
from Cameroon, has denounced the problem. The second source is the strong rivalry between Real
Madrid and Barcelona. After transferring from Barcelona to Real Madrid, Lus Figo's appearance in
Barcelona's Nou Camp Stadium triggered a strong reaction. The crowd threw bottles, mobile phones
and other things (including a pig's head). Although nobody was injured, the match was followed by a
large discussion on fan violence in the Spanish Primera Divisin.

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Timeline of events showcasing corruption

1992-2000 Sports marketing agency ISL bribes top FIFA officials, including then-President Joao
Havelange
2006- The Calciopoli Scandal sees Serie A champions Juventus relegated for match-fixing
October 2010- Two members of the Executive Committee are recorded saying they were offered
cash for votes while voting or the 2018 and 2022 world cups
December 2010- Russia awarded 2018 World Cup, Qatar awarded 2022 wold cup. Investigation into
corruption by FIFA planned by Swiss government
2011- President Sepp Blatter is accused of trading cash for votes in the run-up to his re-election as
President
June 2011- FIFA Vice-President Jack Warner resigns due to allegations of bribery and
embezzlement of CONCACAF funds
November 2011- Sepp Blatter announces that the FIFA Congress will now decide World Cup nation
hosts in lieu of the Executive Committee
March 2012- FIFA announce new anti-corruption committee
April 2013- An anti-corruption advisor resigns, saying committee was least-productive project of
her career
March 2014- Football Federation Australia is accused of attempting to bribe officials in exchange
for votes to decide the 2022 FIFA World cup host nation

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The Problem and what the respective Football Associations do

They hunt in packs, fuelled by cocaine, hooked on violence and occasionally wielding chains. Some
are as old as 65. They use mobile phones and the internet to arrange showdowns with rival "firms" at
agreed locations away from prying CCTV cameras and police surveillance. This is the profile of the
21st-century football hooligan, a breed of "fan" who, although decreasing in numbers and visibility, is
recognised by the football authorities and police as never having gone away.

In August 2010, Danny Scriven, a 26-year-old postman, and 21-year-old Kali Hagenstede two
members of the Tottenham firm the Yid Army were jailed for 15 months and given six-year banning
orders (keeping them away from football matches) for being part of a 20-strong mob that smashed up
The George, a pub in Holloway used by Arsenal's firm the Herd, after Spurs lost the north London
derby last October. Later that month, 19-year-old Callum Ellis was given the maximum five-year
banning order by Leeds magistrates for being the leader of a group of Bradford City hooligans who
call themselves the Young Bradford Ointment. There has been a worrying series of violent, football-
related incidents in the past three months.

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Diligent and effective policing and widespread use of surveillance cameras makes sure there is rarely
any trouble at matches. Millwall fans travelling to a game at Elland Road had to pick up their tickets
from a motorway service station on the way into Leeds, which kept them off the trains, and they were
escorted in and out of the ground. Police with dogs, riot gear and video equipment set up a no-go area
after the game to keep Leeds followers away from the 550 or so Millwall fans. Police reported only
seven arrests, which was seen as a triumph.

Away from the ground it is a different story. A senior official at one of London's most prominent clubs,
who has been involved in the game since the dawn of hooliganism and who did not wish to be named,
told Observer Sport: "If anyone thinks the problem has gone away they are naive. The internet provides
an easy way for hooligans to arrange meetings. This is gang violence that attaches itself to sport. It is
naive to think football still doesn't provide an opportunity for a ruck it does."

In an Arsenal vs. Blackpool match at The Emirates, The FA said that: "We knew there would be around
20 of Blackpool's risk supporters. Our colleague knows who they are, and we asked about Arsenal's
risk supporters' intentions. We pay informants; there is a network of them across hooligan groups in
England and if they give us good information we pay them. It's like having an undercover officer
among them. Our intelligence is better than ever. If they were to fight in a pub and it was captured on
CCTV, we can identify individuals."

Russia has taken the lead in order to curb hooliganism and match-fixing ahead of the 2018 FIFA
world cup. Russias upper house of parliament gave final approval to two bills seeking to discourage
bad behaviour at sports events as the country gears up to host next years Winter Olympics and the
FIFA football championship in 2018.
According to the draft legislation, anyone convicted of hooliganism at a sports event would be
punished with a maximum seven-year ban as well as a 15,000 ruble ($450) fine. Ignoring the ban
would lead to fines of up to 25,000 rubles ($750) or 15 days in jail.
Police and sports federations would be required to keep lists of violators while stadium owners
would have to install surveillance cameras to identify troublemakers.
The second bill envisions up to seven years in prison or a fine of up to 1 million rubles ($30,000) for
match-fixing. It also prohibits athletes, coaches or referees from placing bets on the results of events
in their respective sports.
Both bills now only require President Vladimir Putins signature to become law.

Fan violence in Brazil has become more prevalent, especially in the build up to this summers World
Cup which will be hosted in Brazil. What is most surprising is the lack of public response from the
Brazilian Football League or FIFA itself. In fact, the only public comment that appears to have
emanated following this incident was assurance from Brazil Sports Minister Aldo Rebelo that the
attack was targeted against a club and was unrelated to the World Cup. Besides being understated,
this response from Rebelo left a lot to be desired, and many questions unanswered.
Sweeping these unfortunate incidents under the rug seems to be the rule rather than the exception. It
appears that FIFA, the international governing body of soccer, has no intention to step in to put a
stop to these transgressions and protect fans and players from future violence. FIFAs hands-off
approach to events such as these might not come as a surprise as it should be the responsibility of the

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Brazilian Football League to take action. However, FIFAs decision for a World Cup Qualifying
game between Poland and Ukraine to be played behind closed doors to punish Ukraines supporters
for racist and discriminatory incidents in a prior World Cup Qualifier proved that they do have both
the ability and the responsibility to take action in such instances. FIFA also acted swiftly to fan
violence in Egypts infamous Port Said massacre, an incident which resulted in seventy-nine deaths
during a match between Al-Masry and Al Ahly. FIFA President Sepp Blatter demanded reports from
the Egyptian Football Association to determine the motivation behind the travesty.
The image of both FIFA and the Brazilian Football League seem to remain untarnished in the public
eye, despite FIFAs lack of response to the fan violence in Brazil. Consider the magnitude of the
situation at hand: fans violently react against professional athletes, almost forcing a stoppage in
league play, and neither of the governing bodies responded. If these events happened in Europe or
Africa, FIFA and other governing bodies would be quick to remedy the situation and make their
actions public and improve their image. FIFA might need to reconsider its inaction in this
instance. If an incident is wrong, it is wrong no matter where it occurs, and it deserves a formal
response.

In Scotland, a new law was introduced in March 2012 to deal with the growing problem of threatening
behaviour particularly in relation to inciting religious hatred. The Offensive Behaviour at Football and
Threatening Communications (Scotland) Act 2012 creates two new offences: Offensive Behaviour
related to football and Threatening Communications. The former covers are expressing or inciting
religious, racial or other forms of hatred and threatening behaviour at or on the way to a regulated
football match. The latter relates to threats of serious violence and threats intended to stir up religious
hatred sent via the internet or other communications.

Current Situation

In recent years, the main controversy surrounding FIFA and corruption has been the 2018 and 2022
World Cups. In 2010, the FIFA Executive Committee voted for Russia and Qatar as the hosts for the
2018 and 2022 World Cups respectively. Many countries, especially England, cried foul that two
countries with questionable economic and human rights records should be chosen as hosts, especially
following World Cups held in South Africa and Brazil. The accusations of corruption were aided by
interviews done by Reynald Temarii and Amos Adamu, members of the FIFA Executive Council, right
before the vote. Temarii, president of the Oceania Football Confederation, told reporters that he had
been offered payments of $10-12 million in exchange for votes. Both officials were later banned by
FIFA for 1-3 years and fined 3,000-6,000.

Given the substantial evidence that shows that Qatar was illegally given the 2022 World Cup, FIFA is
working on possibilities to change the host nation. A re-bid seems the likeliest option at the moment
though there may be other possibilities as well including not changing the Host Country for the World
Cup.

Meanwhile, FIFA officials have proposed that the Qatar World Cup be played in the winter, which
would seriously disrupt the schedules of Europes professional leagues.

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Qatar is unfortunately not the only country accused of corruption in the run up to the elections for the
2018 and 2022 World Cups. The combined bid made by Spain and Portugal for the 2018 World Cup
was also accused of offering cash for votes. In March 2014, Australia was also accused of bribing Jack
Warner in their bid for the 2022 World Cup. Australia was preferred as host by many to Qatar, but
these recent allegations have cast a shadow over their bid. Warner was purportedly offered $450,000
to upgrade footballing facilities in Trinidad and Tobago in exchange for his vote.

FIFA Involvement

FIFA has attempted to combat corruption in its system by forming the FIFA Ethics Committee and its
anti-corruption branch. Unfortunately, the anti-corruption committee has been mostly unsuccessful, as
well as extremely slow in getting results.

In 2013, Alexandra Wrage, a FIFA anti-corruption advisor, quit the committee. She was quoted as
saying that it was the least productive project of her career. Wrage quit prior to the 2013 FIFA
Congress, which she claimed would be pointless, as none of the issues surrounding corruption had
made the agenda.

In order to combat corruption on a legal front, FIFA has also entered a joint initiative with Interpol.
The initiative is mainly focussed on a club rather than the national level in an effort to prevent match
fixing. Its two main aims are:

To educate and train key actors in football on how to recognize, resist and report attempts to
corrupt or fix matches;
To better prepare law enforcement on how to investigate and cooperate in the corruption or
match-fixing related cases.
Unfortunately, due to the multinational aspect of match fixing in FIFA, it is extremely difficult for
organizations such as Interpol to make a significant dent in match fixing.

The most drastic change that FIFA has made to its policies following the controversies of the 2018 and
2022 World Cups has been to change which body votes on host nations. Instead of being decided by
the Executive Committee, it is now the FIFA Congress that will decide on future World Cups. This
was done to make it for difficult to bribe officials; there are 209 members of the FIFA Congress, as
opposed to 23 members in the FIFA Executive Committee. But while there may be more people to
bribe, there are still not enough measures in place to successfully discourage corruption.

What we expect

The main aims of this committee session should be to discourage corruption and hooliganism. During
the committee, the FIFA Congress should focus on routes that will discourage corruption and
hooliganism on an individual, club and organizational level and ensure the security of both clubs and
players. Delegates should consider harsher penalties for individuals who have been caught taking

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bribes, or perhaps even penalties for entire national organizations. FIFA has been very adept at nation-
wide penalties in terms of governmental interference, and so delegates should consider these same
methods to reduce corruption. These punishments will enhance the security of clubs and players which
is what we are looking forward to.

Bloc Positions

Western Europe: England leads this especially vocal group of opponents of the 2018 and 2022 World
Cups. England was one of the host candidates for the 2018 competition, and having hosted only the
World Cup once, cried foul when the tournament was given to Russia. Englands Football Association
(FA) has since been at odds with FIFA over the voting methods for World Cup hosts. Switzerland, as
home to the headquarters of FIFA, is another country concerned about corruption and also takes into
account the serious allegations of football hooliganism. Switzerland is one of the few countries with a
genuine legal power to investigate and punish FIFA officials, but has conducted mostly fruitless
investigations in the past in regards to both matters discussed above.

Central America and the Caribbean: Having had funds mismanaged by former FIFA Vice-President
Jack Warner, countries that are members of CONCACAF are wary of the threats of corruption in FIFA;
however, unlike the countries of Western Europe, these countries issues have primarily been with
fraud, as most North American nations are unlikely World Cup hosts and also do not face much
hooliganism from the fans.

South America: South American countries take a decidedly more neutral stance on corruption in
FIFA. With the controversial 2014 World Cup held in Brazil witnessing signs of both corruption and
hooliganism, many South American countries do not take as aggressive a stance on World Cup voting
as those in Western Europe.

Eastern Europe and East Asia: The vast majority of match fixing in FIFA originates in countries
from Eastern Europe and Asia. Russia and China are the most to blame, due to the far-reaching criminal
organizations that can be found in both. While both areas are wary of corruption for these reasons,
these countries are more concerned about these same criminal organizations turning on them should
the countries try to undermine their source of revenue.

Guiding Questions

How has your country been affected by corruption in FIFA?

How has your country been affected by fan hooliganism?
Should national footballing organisations be more responsible for the corruption and
hooliganism that takes place in their country to ensure the safety of their clubs and players?
How can FIFA discourage organized crime like hooliganism from being involved in football?

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Agenda B: Eradication of discrimination across

all aspects
Some people believe football is a matter of life and death. I am very disappointed with that attitude;
I can assure you it is much, much more important than that

- Bill Shankly

With this agenda, we will be looking at eradication of different forms of discrimination and the
violations of human rights. The World Cup is the most watched sporting in the world, and football is
the most popular sport in the world. It is no surprise then that hosting the World Cup can be one of the
largest economic and reputational boosts a country can receive.

Discrimination is the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the
grounds of race, age, or sex. There are many different types of discrimination such as age, caste,
disability, employment, language, nationality, racial or ethnic, religious, sex, gender and gender
identity among others. In the FIFA conference, we will be discussing the discrimination that takes
place in FIFA in all aspects with racism being the major aspect that we will be touching upon.

Racism in association football is the abuse of players, officials and fans because of their skin colour,
nationality or ethnicity. Some may be targeted (also) because of their association with an opposing
team. However, there have been instances of individuals being targeted by their own fans.

Racism has been a stain on the soul of soccer for generations, but a series of high-profile incidents in
recent years has prompted calls for tougher action from football's governing bodies.
As a committee, we need to examine why racism continues to be a problem, what is being done to
tackle discrimination and whether it can be eradicated from the game forever.
FIFA celebrated Anti-Racism and Discrimination week in the FIFA World Cup 2014 during the
quarterfinals. The captains of the 8 teams read out their views against racism and discrimination on
behalf of their teams during the national anthems.

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The Problem

Football is universally and deservedly known as the beautiful game.' But even the most beautiful of
things have ugly defects, and football, which is no exception, has discrimination mainly in the form
of racism and more importantly, violation of human rights. The beleaguered Sepp Blatter, president
of the International Federation of Football Association's (FIFA) has previously denied that there is a
problem with racism in football though he agrees to the fact that human rights have been violated in
the past by giving recent examples of the World Cups held in Germany 2006 and South Africa 2010.
Though the fact is denied, it is clear that racism has been a definitive, endemic and
prominent scourge in football for the last two decades across the world.

Article 3 of the FIFA charter states that, Discrimination of any kind against a Country, private person
or group of people on account of race, skin colour, ethnic, national or social origin, gender, language,
religion, political opinion or any other opinion, wealth, birth or any other status, sexual orientation or
any other reason is strictly prohibited and punishable by suspension or expulsion.

In the same way that Third World coffee keeps the West awake, players coming or having ancestry
from South America, Africa and the Middle East currently provide the lifeline to European football.
In fact, the starting line-up for the Brazilian national team leads the major European
teams: Neymar and Dani Alves play for Barcelona; Hulk plays for Zenit Saint Petersburg, Thiago
Silva and David Luiz play for Paris St Germain; Marcelo plays for Real Madrid and Maicon plays
for Roma.
Despite performing fantastically and leading their teams to victory many times, these players and
their teammates of colour have faced persistent racist abuse across Europe.

In order to understand why Human Rights Violations in host nations has come to the forefront of
FIFAs attention, it is important to look back at the past three World Cups:
Japan, Germany and South Africa.

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Japan- The 2002 World Cup was held by Japan without any question of Human Rights Violations.
With such a positive record, it has offered to take the 2022 World Cup from Qatar. Their previous
soccer infrastructure offers a potential solution should the Congress choose to strip Qatar of their
host rights.

Germany- The issue of World Cup Brothels arose at the 2006 World Cup in Germany. The host
nation was accused of creating brothels to host almost 40,000 prostitutes for the increase in foreign
demand during the games. Similar concerns have been brought up about the 2014 Brazil World Cup
as officials in Rio offered English courses so that the local prostitutes could communicate with
potential foreign customers.

South Africa- There was a multitude of concerns about human rights violation in South Africa
during their World Cup. As a result of concerns over police brutality, homeless population
displacement, xenophobic violence, and unproductive expenditure all future World Cups are under
additional scrutiny.

Current Situations-

Brazil- The 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympic games have brought great scrutiny onto
Brazils Human Rights record. Primarily mismanagement of the economy to focus on the
infrastructure for the events and not on the needs of the population as well as anti-terror laws and
prostitution issues.

Russia- Similar to the issues with the 2014 Olympics, Russia has been accused of discrimination and
human rights violations against minorities, especially LGBT.

Qatar- The primary issue with Qatar is worker conditions, including but not limited to unsafe work
environments, forcible labour, and concerns of the 45 plus degree heat.
All issues must be considered by this congress in evaluating the action that must be taken.

FIFAs response to the issue

FIFA has remained relatively silent on the issue of changing its future World Cup venues due to the
various incidents regarding human rights violations. There has been a worldwide demand for action,
and this committee has been granted the power to act. In addition to evaluating the suitability of the
already assigned host nations, the FIFA Congress has been tasked with voting on the hosts of the
2026 and 2030 World Cup. The first vote will be held during the third session regarding the 2026
World Cup, and the second vote will be held during the sixth session regarding the 2030 World Cup.

The 2026 World Cup must be held in a CONCACAF or African nation, and the 2030 World Cup
must be held in an Asian, South American or CONCACAF nation. Delegates are encouraged to
research the current potential bids and are welcomed to submit bids on behalf of their nation so long
as it is in accordance with the guidelines outlined above.

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Timeline and human rights ranking of World Cup Host Nations

2002 - Japan (83rd Ranked IHRRI Country)

2006 - Germany (18th Ranked IHRRI Country)

2010 - South Africa (120th Ranked IHRRI Country)

2014 - Brazil (52nd Ranked IHRRI Country)

2018 - Russia (46th Ranked IHRRI Country)

2022 - Qatar (85th Ranked IHRRI Country)

While the worst ranked nation for Human Rights record hosted the 2010 World
Cup, the topic of Human Rights, has been highlighted in Brazil and Qatar due to the direct worker
rights violations that are present in both countries. Russias recent actions prior to the 2014 Olympics
and civil wars with Ukraine have brought more general Human Rights questions into play.

Occurrences of racist incidents

1. About three and half years ago, the tag Battle of Stamford Bridge was the storyline, as Patrice
Evra was involved in an unsavoury incident with Chelsea staff member Sam Bethell.
Now you ask yourself why Evra, a pretty cool-headed player, was involved in a brawl with some
obscure staff member.
According to a report from the FA in The Telegraph, Bethell allegedly shouted "Ill f***ing have
you, you f***ing immigrant," at Evra. However, the Chelsea staffer responded by saying he called
the Frenchman, a "f***ing idiot."
The FA charged Chelsea with racism, then dismissed the charges, even though Manchester United
first team coach Mike Phelan and goalkeeping coach Richard Hartis testified that they heard Bethal
racially vilify Evra.

2. The 1998 FIFA World Cup winning French team was described by many as "Black, Blanc, Beur,"
which translates to "black, white, Arab," because of the multi-cultural diversity within Aim
Jacquet's squad.
Last year, French investigate website Mediapart uncovered French manager Laurent Blanc allegedly
giving the go-ahead to racism by introducing a 30 percent quota on the amount of young black and
Arab youngsters allowed to train at some of France's football academies like Clairefontaine.
To be blunter, Blanc was introducing institutional racism.
Blanc was reportedly quoted as saying, The Spanish, they say 'we don't have a problem. We have
no blacks.

3. When England comprehensively outclassed Bulgaria 3-0, Ashley Young had to endure racist
chants from the Bulgarian fans. Then Bulgaria manager and former FIFA World Cup winning
captain Lothar Matthus apologized on behalf of Bulgaria. UEFA have opened a disciplinary case
against Bulgaria, and the case is scheduled to be heard on Nov. 17.

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4. As a 19-year-old, Mario Balotelli says he was exposed to racist chants from Juventus supporters.
The chants revolved around the aspect of real Italians not being black. Juventus was forced to play a
home game behind closed doors.
One absurd theory came up during Balotelli's time of petulance that the chants were directed at him
due to his persona and not his skin colour.
Chants like "A negro cannot be Italian" has nothing to do with Balotelli's persona, and everything to
do with his skin colour.

5. One of former Spanish manager Luis Aragons' ways of motivating a talented but inconsistent
Antonio Reyes was captured in this quote,
"Tell that [Thierry Henry] negro de mierda [black s***] that you are much better than him. Don't
hold back, tell him. Tell him from me. You have to believe in yourself; you're better than that negro
de mierda."
To be fair to Aragons, he probably isn't as racist as the quote makes him seem out to be. -Why?
Well, he was the manager that made Marcos Senna Spain's first black international.

6. During the Monaco vs. Chelsea UEFA Champions League semi-final first leg match, ITV pundit
Ron Atkinson was not aware of his mic being on, and said this about Marcel Desailly,
"He's what is known in some schools as a f***ing lazy thick n****r."
Atkinson was sacked by ITV and has since defended himself by stating he signed many black
footballers pointing to his managerial days at West Bromwich Albion.

7. Roman Weidenfeller was given a three-game suspension after he allegedly called Ghana-born
German striker Gerald Asamoah a "black pig."
Asamoah offered a diplomatic view:
"In the heat of the moment, things are often said which people later regret, and tensions were high
for that game."
A year later the German FA banned Torsten Ziegner for five games after he racially abused Nigerian
Kingsley Onuegbu.

8. Brussels footballer Zola Matumona quit the club after president Johan Vermeersch told the
Congolese to think about other things than "trees and bananas."
In response to the fiasco, South Korean car manufacturer Kia cut their sponsorship with Brussels.

9. German fans showed up in a game against Ghana with faces blackened with paint and shirts that
read Ghana in this world cup.

10. Cameroon and Espanyol goalkeeper, Carlos Kameni, was abused with racist slurs during cup
matches at Espanyol. The fans shouted on loudspeakers, Kameni, get out of here and tell the press
this is racism. You son of a b***h. Whether you are black or orange, you are garbage.

11. Marco Zoro, an Ivory Coast defender, is also a victim to racism. In 205, he threatened to stop a
match by walking out with the ball after being tormented by racist chants from the opposing Inter
Milan supporters. He was abused with terms such as, peanuts, and bananas are the pay for your
infamy. Samuel Etoo and Thierry Henry, two great footballers, have also been victims of racist
chants in the past.

12. Paolo Di Canio, an Italian striker, has many times returned the fascist salute to the fans while
they gave it to him.

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13. Two Argentinian fans were arrested during the world cup game against Bosnia and Herzegovina
for making monkey gestures and calling Brazilian supporters "little monkeys."

And there are so many more, that one could lose count.

A lot of football players have openly declared that they are gay. Examples of gay football players are
Robbie Rogers and Thomas Hitzlsperger. It was to these gay players that Alex, former PSG
defender, commented, "God created Adam and Eve, not Adam and Yves." Here he was trying to say
that God created men and women and not men and men. This is also a form of discrimination to
these players.

In fact, the two governing bodies, FIFA and UEFA seem much more serious about commercial or
technical violations than racism. In 2012, former Arsenal and Denmark national team
member, Nicklas Bendtner was penalised $125,800 and a one-match ban after contravening a ban on
product placement during matches by flashing his logo-emblazoned underwear. The same year
UEFA fined Manchester City roughly $42,000 for arriving a minute late to the football pitch.
By contrast, the federation fined Porto $34,000 for its fans' racist chanting against Mario Balotelli
and Yaya Toure. Not only is this fine inconsequential to a team with a net income of $27m per year,
but it also demonstrates that for UEFA, tardiness is a more urgent issue than racism.

Russian club, Zenit St Petersburg, issued a petition saying that non-white and gay players should be
banned from playing in the teams.

Uefa relaxed a punishment handed down to Lazio for racist chanting during a Europa League game
against Legia Warsaw in September. The Serie A club were originally ordered to play their next
home match in the tournament behind closed doors but, on appeal, have been allowed to shut only
the Curva Nord.
Legia was ordered by Uefa to close part of their stadium this season for a match after racist
behaviour by their fans.

The problem and what FIFA does

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Albeit a serious problem, it is one on the decline - in no small part due to the Buenos Aires
Resolution, which was passed by the Extraordinary Congress of FIFA during a monumental meeting
in the Argentinian capital on 7 July 2001. To mark its tenth anniversary, FIFA.com will begin
publishing interviews on racism and discrimination in football with a series of personalities, starting
with Anthony Baffoe. A Germany-born diplomats son, the 45-year-old is in an ideal position to
share his views on the topic, given that he played international football for African giants Ghana and
club football in Europe, Asia and South America, and because he is one of multiple celebrities to
have helped FIFA in the enduring fight against racism since the passing of the Buenos Aires
Resolution.
FIFA recognises its responsibility to lead the way in abolishing all forms of discrimination in
football. Article 3 of the FIFA Statutes states:
Discrimination of any kind against a Country, private person or group of people on account of race,
skin colour, ethnic, national or social origin, gender, language, religion, political opinion or any other
opinion, wealth, birth or any other status, sexual orientation or any other reason is strictly prohibited
and punishable by suspension or expulsion. (Article 3)
The FIFA Disciplinary Code1, which describes the sanctions incurred as a result of violations of the
FIFA Statutes, applies to every match and competition organised by FIFA. Furthermore, the
Disciplinary Code must be obeyed by all the associations and their respective members, including
clubs, officials, players, match officials as well as any other persons FIFA admits to a match or
competition, including spectators.
1 http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/50/02/75/discoinhalte.pdf
Since 2002 and following the 2001 Buenos Aires resolution to fight racism, the FIFA Anti-
Discrimination Days have taken place at one of FIFAs competitions every year to raise awareness of
the need to abolish racism and other forms of discrimination worldwide. The activities during the
FIFA Anti-Discrimination Days include a media briefing, a media release and a special pre-match
protocol, at which the team captains read a declaration against discrimination. After the declaration,
the teams and referees come together at the centre of the pitch showing a message to demonstrate
footballs stance against discrimination. Involving the captains, teams and referees attract the
attention of the spectators in the stadium and on television, and allows FIFA to send an unequivocal
message against discrimination.
FIFA had, of course, been committed to the cause long before then. FIFA took the strongest stand
possible in the fight against racism by expelling apartheid South Africa in 1961 and readmitting them
[in 1991] after the release of Nelson Mandela, explained Tokyo Sexwale, the High Commissioner to
the organisations 'Say no to Racism' campaign.

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How the problem could be countered

However, to combat the rapid increase in footballers leaving their homeland for foreign shores,
which subsequently created potential for the problem to enhance, FIFA elected to act more
aggressively against racism by passing the Buenos Aires Resolution in 2001. Some of the steps it has
taken thereafter include:
2002: FIFA started holding world days against discrimination and racism - Racism is a blight
that we must eradicate forcefully and resolutely, said FIFA President Joseph S. Blatter during one.
Football has a unifying power that can and must be used to combat discrimination of all kinds.

2002: Celebrities join FIFA's fight - FIFA enlisted the help of a number of footballs celebrities to

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campaign against racism in football, including Sir Bobby Charlton, Thierry Henry, Mia Hamm, Pele,
Michel Platini and Lilian Thuram.

2004: Code of Ethics approved - The FIFA Executive Committee approved a Code of Ethics, which
included a statute that officials, players and players agents may not act in a discriminatory manner,
especially with regard to ethnicity, race, culture, politics, religion, gender or language.

2006: amendment to art. 55 of FIFA Disciplinary Code - The FIFA Executive Committee
approved an amendment to article 55 of the FIFA Disciplinary Code, at the proposal of President
Blatter, allowing very strict sanctions to be imposed after acts of racism or discrimination in football.

2006 - Say no to Racism campaign. FIFA launched its Say no to Racism campaign in April
2006. Months later at the FIFA World Cup, large Say no to Racism banners were displayed
prominently during the pre-match formalities, while anti-racism mini-spots were made available for
free to all TV broadcasters of the tournament.

2007 - 90 minutes for Mandela game. FIFA used the 90 minutes for Mandela match, which was
contested between an African and Rest of the World XIs, to aid the fight against racism. Over 35,000
watched the likes of Ruud Gullit, George Weah, Emilio Butragueno and Samuel Etoo in action, with
millions more watching via television in more than 150 countries across the globe.

2010: Anti-Discrimination days at South Africa 2010 - The captains of the teams playing South
Africa 2010 quarter-finals on 30 June and 1 July, which were FIFA Anti-Discrimination Days, read
pre-match pledges against racism. [Football] is more powerful than governments in breaking down
racial barriers, said Mandela. It laughs in the face of all types of discrimination.

The players are also trying hard to remove discrimination and racism out of The Beautiful Game.
Thierry Henry and Rio Ferdinand launched an anti-racism campaign in the form of a television
advertisement that was sponsored by Nike.

In 2013 former AC Milan mid-fielder Kevin-Prince Boateng walked off the field because of racial
abuse and was duly followed by his teammates in solidarity.

In the wake of Boateng's protest and the global outcry that it caused, FIFA promised to get tough on
racism within the game. FIFA put forward proposals to ban players, and officials found guilty of
racism for five matches, while teams could be docked points, expelled from the competition or even
relegated for persistent offenses. UEFA instituted similar rules, including closing stadiums.

Boateng's reaction was overwhelmingly supported despite the fact that in 2012, UEFA had
previously warned players against walking off the field for racism, leaving the decision to halt or
continue a match to the discretion of the referee. UEFA's response effectively constituted a non-
reaction that placed the burden of dealing with racism on the players and officials themselves,
instead of searching for an institutional solution. UEFA president, Michel Platini also insists that
players should approach referees in case of racial chants rather than deciding on their own accord to
walk off the pitch. He also said that the referee can decide whether to stop the game or not. "We will
certainly support the referee if he decided to stop the game. But it's not a player, who's in charge of

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refereeing. It's the referee who takes these decisions. So, the referee has been given advice, and he
can stop the game if there are problems. But it's not me, not the UEFA president, who is in charge of
the game for 90 minutes. It's the referee. We will support the referee, of course always."

In an attempt to combat hate speech during the world cup, FIFA and Brazilian authorities initiated
an anti-racism campaign using the hashtag #SayNoToRacism. Hate speech is taken seriously in
Brazil, where racist or religiously intolerant speech or actions are prohibited by law and carry
penalties including imprisonment. Brazil is not the only country with a law that penalizes hate
speech. A new analysis finds hate speech laws in 89 countries around the world (45%), according to
2012 data. In some countries, the laws protect only certain religious or social groups while others
have broader laws, covering words or actions that insult, denigrate or intimidate a person or group
based on race, gender, religion, ethnicity or other traits.
Although these laws are on the books, in some countries they are not enforced. However, in
countries where penalties are imposed for hate speech, they often include fines or short-term jail
sentences. A spectator in Spain was arrested earlier this year on suspicion of throwing a banana at a
Brazilian player, and in 2012, a man in the United Kingdom received a jail sentence for posting
racist and offensive comments on Twitter after a player collapsed on the field.

What we expect

The main aims of this committee session should be to use FIFAs considerable influence to better both,
the Human Rights and the discrimination situation in our future host nations. Secondarily, this
Committee is tasked with evaluating whether or not there needs to be a protocol to remove a hosts
title if Human Rights conditions are not improved or if the nation continues to disrespect the identity
of footballers. The FIFA Congress should focus on routes that will change the human rights in the
country, and at last resort change the venue as a punitive measure. Delegates should consider forms of
penalties ranging from fines to suspension of membership. FIFA has been very active at discouraging
negative behaviour around the game of soccer, and so delegates should consider these same proactive
methods to reduce Human Rights Violations. FIFA should also consider discussing future protocols
and committees that can be put in place to better deal with Human Rights in the future and offering
incentives to nations that comply with FIFAs Human Rights standards.

Corresponding with the second topic of these committee individuals, nations and corporations that
contribute to Human Rights violations must be dealt with swiftly and sternly. There is no room in this
beautiful sport corruption or the denial of Human Rights

A comprehensive methodology to eradicate this problem is needed to be formulated and applied as

soon as possible. The infiltration of severe hate sentiments is not welcome in the concept of our

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beautiful game. Thus, the committee should on a worldwide basis figure out a common platform for
eradication of this problem in this committee in the form of a report.

In the committee, we need to discuss this issue and generate a methodology which can help us eradicate
this problem of racism and discrimination which is prevalent in football so often in todays world. The
reference sites provided and the occurrences given are only for reference and your research is not
supposed to be limited to them only.

Bloc Positions

Western Europe: As a group Western Europe has a relatively clean human rights record in the 21st
century, many groups such as Amnesty International headquarter out of Western Europe and many
nations are strong advocates for Human Rights. FIFAs headquarters in Switzerland ranks 24th in the
world for Human Rights protection, and many of the surrounding nations are in strong support of the
protection of Global Human Rights. England is especially vocal against both the 2018 and 2022
hosts as they lost the 2018 bid to Russia.

CONCACAF: With CONCACAF set to be the likely host of the 2026 World Cup the nations within
are directly affected by the decisions this committee makes. Nations such as
Canada, The United States, and Mexico are the leaders due to their wealth and perception as
developed nations. Other CONCACAF nations should be willing to participate in Human Rights
solutions to increase their likelihood for the 2026 World Cup bid.

East Europe & East Asia: FIFA is often an alternative playing field for other forms of international
politics, with the current destabilizing actions of Russia in Eastern Europe the surrounding nations
are strongly opposed to Russia hosting the 2018 World Cup. The Ukraine shares a soccer league with
Russia, which in light of the current conflicts has been greatly disrupted, and soccer officials in the
assaulted nation have been vocal against Russia. The presence of NATO aligned countries in the
region and in Western Europe allow for international politics to further influence decisions on
Russias 2018 hosting privileges.

South America: Many South American nations have similar Human Rights issues to Brazil, while
the 2014 World Cup is less than a month away countries in this committee must consider how to best
protect the reputation of South American soccer from allegations of Human Rights violations.
Uruguay and Argentina are planning to bid for the 2030 World Cup, which would mark the
Centennial anniversary of the first World Cup in Uruguay. To these nations it is of the utmost
importance that the Brazil World Cup is a success.

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Research Guidance
Research guidance

This guide will take you through on how your research process for the committee should be. As your
director, what I would suggest would be that you start your research with the country you have been
allocated. Since this is a new committee, you will need to be fully thorough with your countrys
position in FIFA. So, before you start your research on any of the agendas, please be thorough with
your countrys position in the FIFA congress. This will help you immensely not only in the committee
but also while researching and discussing the agendas and on the stance that you form for the agendas.
Once you are done researching your allocated country, start research on any one of the two agendas
that you feel is a greater stronghold for your countrys stance. For your research, you can also take
help from the reference sites given below. In your best interest, I suggest that you finish your full
research on one agenda before starting your research on the second agenda. This has been suggested
so that you find it easier to do your research and do not get confused between the agendas while
researching.

Writing of position papers

Position papers are papers written by delegates stating their country stance on the topic. The position
paper is literally your bible throughout the conference. As delegates, you will need to write position
papers for each agenda. The position papers should state your countrys stance on the agenda and also
how to plan to support or counter your stance for the agenda. Your research should reflect in your
position papers as they are a summary of the research you have conducted.

The steps to writing a position paper are: -

1. Outline the topic in general- The first section serves the purpose of outlining the topic in general
and providing insight into the root of the conflict
2. Identify and describe your country- how has your state been affected? This is where your
background research pays off
3. Your countrys policies and Proposed solutions- this is where you outline your countrys
policies and what factors contributed to those policies being established in the first place
4. Tie together loose ends- finally, the conclusion should be written to restate your countrys
position and sum up what you hope to achieve throughout the duration of the conference.

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Bibliography

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Anonymous. "Match-Fixing and Hooliganism Bills Clear Russian Parliament." Ria Novosti.10 July
2013. Web. 6 July 2014.

Anonymous. "World Cup Human Rights." World Cup Human Rights. 7 Feb. 2013. Web. 25 June
2014.

Jackson, Jamie. "The Hooligan Problem and Football Violence That Just Won't Go Away." The
Observer. Guardian News and Media, 22 Aug. 2010. Web. 25 June 2014.

Khan, Shehryar. "World Football: Old Firm Rivalries, Hooliganism and FIFA's Failure To
Act." Bleacher Report. 25 Mar. 2011. Web. 6 July 2014.

Makhunga, Lindiwe. "Should FIFA Move the Ball on Racism?" - Opinion. 27 June 2014. Web. 6
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Moseti, Brian. "FIFA Hard at Work Fighting Hooliganism and Corruption."Futaa.com. 22 Nov. 201.
Web. 6 July 2014.

Phillips, Scott. "Near Player Strike in Brazil Magnifies FIFAs Relationship with World Cup Host
Nation." Business of Soccer. 11 Feb. 2014. Web. 25 June 2014.

Pielke, Roger. "How Can FIFA Be Held Accountable?" Sport Management Review 16.3 (2013): 255-
67. Web. 28 June 2014.

Theodorou, Angelina. "As FIFA Attempts to Curb Racism at the World Cup, a Look at Hate Speech
Laws Worldwide." Pew Research Center RSS. 20 June 2014. Web. 29 June 2014.

Vee, Aleks. "GoalChatter." FIFA's Punishments Lack Purpose and Logic. 8 Oct. 2013. Web. 6 July
2014.

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