CHAPTER1

PLANNING FOR TRANSPORT

PREPARE BY : NF
1.1 What is Transportation?
The process by which passengers or goods are moved or delivered
from on place to another.
Two types of transportation
Four basic types:
Land
Air
Water
Rail
1.3 - Transport Policy
-Socially, economically and politically TRANSPORTATION is
IMPORTANT throughout the world.

-It become major public policy lever- makes important public policy
decision through transportation investment.

-Private sector- major investment in transportation.

i.e: US built their industrial base largely around automobile.
Automobile ,manufacturing is one of fundamental underpinning of
the United State economy.

MALAYSIA ? i.e.: Proton in Shah Alam

Aim for transportation nowadays is towards the sustainable

transportation.
 SPAD (SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATA
AWAM DARAT)
The Land Public Transport Commission (SPAD) was officially established on 3 June
2010 following the passing of the Suruhanjaya Pengangkutan Awam Darat Act
2010 by Parliament in May 2010. SPAD gained its full powers on 31 January 2011
with the gazetting of the Land Public Transport Act 2010.
SPAD, which comes directly under the purview of the Prime Minister, brings the
functions of drawing up policies, planning and regulating all aspects of train, bus
and taxi services as well as road- and rail-based freight transport under one roof.
SPAD also has enforcement powers which it will carry out with close cooperation
with other enforcement agencies such as the Royal Malaysian Police and the Road
Transport Department.
SPAD will play a central role in improving road and rail-based public and freight
transport in the country. The Land Public Transport Act 2010 expressly states that
SPAD shall propose policies and plans in relation to or affecting land public
transport, and develop strategies in line with the approved policies and plans with a
view to achieving a safe, reliable, efficient, responsive, accessible, planned,
integrated and sustainable land public transport, while ensuring the provision of
affordable services for the carriage of passengers and competitive services for the
carriage of goods. Improving public transport is in line with one of the National Key
Results Areas in the Government Transformation Plan initiated by Prime Minister
YAB Dato Sri Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak in 2009.
With the coming into force of the Land Public Transport Act 2010, the Land Public
Transport Commission (SPAD) takes over the functions of Commercial Vehicles
Licensing Board, Department of Railways and the tourism vehicles licensing
function of the Ministry of Tourism in Peninsula Malaysia. At present, the
Commercial Vehicles Licensing Board, Department of Railways and the Ministry of
Tourism continue to exercise their respective powers in Sabah and Sarawak
 1.4 Economic and Environmental
Appraisal of Transport Improvement
Project.
Transportation has impacts on people who actually use
the transportation.
Nowadays no body can escape from facing the impact of
transportation.

Economy perspective, the impact is towards:

People that are employed
Operate
Own the system

Environmental perspective, the impact is towards:

Air Quality caused by motor vehicles
Noise pollution caused from vehicles, traffic volume, composition, speed,
gradient and surface.
Visual Intrusion -

Summary: economy and environment plays important roles for transport

improvement project.
Nowadays, all countries are looking forward towards sustainability in transportation.
1.5 Principle of Transport Planning and Forecasting
Basis of Transportation Planning Process:
The urban transportation planning process is based on a range
assumption and principles of the most basic of which are that:
1- Travel pattern are tangible, stable and predictable.
2- movement demands are directly related to the distribution,
and intensity of land uses, which are capable of being
accurately determined for some future date.

Effective Transportation Planning it must be comprehensive

and co-ordinated with other aspects of the overall planning
process.

Reflects ALL VIEWS from all specialist that involve in planning

engineer, traffic and transportation specialist, town planner
and economist as well meeting the requirements of the
population at large.
TRANSPORT PLANNING PROCESS

GOALS & OBJECTIVES

INVENTORIES

FORECAST

NETWORK PLANNING

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE

EVALUATION

SELECT/IMPLEMENTATION
1.6 TRANSPORT PLANNING STRATEGIES
LAND USE and TRANSPORTATION PLANNING form part
of a wider and continuous process of planning -
referred as STRATEGIC PLANNING

The extend to which this wider planning process is

undertaken varies from country to country and with
political ideology.

Operation of the strategic approach to planning also

varies from country to country.
The principles underlying the process and the general
framework within which it is operationalized have been
clearly established
 The principles underlying this strategic approach to
public sector planning as following:

1- establishment of socio economic change

2- recognition that the strategic policy decision are interconnected and cannot
be treated in isolation
3- Acceptance the uncertainty is an essential elements of all decision about
the future.
4- Co-ordination of decision and action of difference agencies with related
objectives.
1.7 1-8 : Planning of Public and
Freight Transportation
Based on the policy and strategy of the country.

I.e.: Iskandar Malaysia Blue Print, SPAD ( policies) etc

New development look at the various areas:

Socio
Economy
Environment
Technology
Systems
Institution / Government
What is Public Transportation?
Public transport: public transportation or public transit

A shared passenger transport service which is available for use by the

general public, as distinct from modes such as taxicab, car pooling or hired
buses which are not shared by strangers without private arrangement.

Public transport modes include buses, trolleybuses, trams and trains, rapid
transit (metro/subways/undergrounds etc) and ferries. Public transport
between cities is dominated by airlines, coaches, and intercity rail. High-
speed rail networks are being developed in many parts of the world.
Public transport System Definition

A system of vehicles such as buses and trains that

operate at regular times and on fixed routes are used
by the public.
Public Transportation Operation
Operations
Reliability
Frequency and timetabling
Network/routing
Coordination and integration/connectivity
Customer interface
Capacity management
Information dissemination
Public Transportation Operation
Accessibility
Disabled
Underage/Children
Senior Citizens/Elderly/Parents with prams
Accessibility to urban/commercial/industrial
land use
Accessibility to rural citizens
Public Transportation Operation
Infrastructure
Park-n-Ride
Terminals/Shelters/Bus stops/Waiting Areas
Priority Lane
Lightings
Signages
Ramps
Street furniture
Fare/Ticket machine
On-board priority seating
Public Transportation Operation
Policy and Regulations
Fare structure
Market structure
Budgetary support
Sustainable transportation
Public Transport Master Plan
Role of local government
 The principles underlying this strategic approach to
public sector planning as following:

1- establishment of socio economic change

2- recognition that the strategic policy decision are interconnected and cannot
be treated in isolation
3- Acceptance the uncertainty is an essential elements of all decision about
the future.
4- Co-ordination of decision and action of difference agencies with related
objectives.
 Discussion :
What is the main issues for public
transportation in Malaysia?
1.9 Public Transport Issues in Malaysia
MYTH:
Public Transport is a mobility service for poor people
Hence the following misunderstandings:
Investment in private transport is more important for the
nation than investment in public transport
Supporting the needs of private transport users is a priority
in Malaysia
There are no choice users of public transport
We should give the users (those poor souls) the cheap,
basic service that they want/need
Real improvement to public transport requires large-scale
investments such as LRT or monorail
Public Transport Issues in Malaysia
FACT:
Public transport provides 3 functions for society
Mobility for those not using private transport
Development tool to reduce infrastructure costs
A business operation with potential for profits

Far less money has been invested properly into public

transport than in other infrastructure
The bottom line of public transport

Make trip fast and comfortable

Make getting to places simple and straight forward
Make transfers convenient and hassle free

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS in:

Accessibility The measurement of performance is the
Availability key, because
If you cant measure it, you cant
Reliability
control it
Safety If you cant control it, you cant
Comfort manage it
If you cant manage it, you cant
improve it.