ANAY-ANT-LANOR SPRAY:

Lantana and Oregano Extract

As an Effective Ant-Termicide

and Ant Repellent

A Research Paper

Presented to

The Panel of Judges

and

Ms. Mary Jean P. Narte

Research-9 Teacher

by:

Daniel Dalisay

Gene Eisen Lois B. Nale

Felisa Mae A. Nagales

Researchers
 ABSTRACT

Pests bring a lot of problems into our homes and on the field. Ants are common house
pests destroying crops and contribute to food contamination. Termites, another pest, destroy
houses and eats cellulose non-stop. Pesticides are used to kill these pests but these contain
harmful chemicals. Lantana and Oregano both have natural insecticidal and repellence
properties. The Lantana is effective on termites, and Oregano has an aromatic smell that is
effective on ants.
This present study aims to investigate the effects of Lantana and Oregano extract on ants
and termites as pesticides, and the repellence of Lantana and Oregano on ants. Lantana leaves,
flowers and Oregano leaves were extracted for making the sprays. To test which is more
effective, separate spray bottles containing Oregano extract only, Lantana extract only, Oregano-
Lantana extract were created, and also a commercial multi-insect killer and tap water were used
on testing. The researcher tested the effectiveness of the three organic sprays, a commercial
repellent, and tap water, on ants and termites on three different media, on a petri dish, a basin,
and on the environment. For its repellence on ants, the researchers tested on three different
environments, the balcony, the kitchen, and on the room.
Lantana spray is the most effective, in killing ants and termites, and also repelling the
ants followed by the mixture of Lantana and Oregano spray then the Oregano Spray.
The three organic sprays created have comparable effects to the multi-insect killer. And
the sprays are safer, cheaper, and more natural.
 INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Pests are one of the major problems we are experiencing in our homes. They can cause

food spoilage, initiate dirty rooms, and spread diseases. Majority of pests belong to the most

diverse and most populated animal group, the Insect Family. Insects are an intimate part of every

home and are found everywhere, in the air, carpet, counter or cupboard. Every home shares its

resources with these tiny, often unseen invaders. But once these insects start destroying and

meddle our home and the field, they become a major problem, and these would lead to disaster if

not given immediate and proper solution.

Insect attack is a serious agricultural problem leading to yield losses and reduced product

quality. Numerous named insects can cause damage both on the field and during storage in silos,

sacks or barns. Every year, insects destroy about 65 percent of these harvested crops. 16% of

these were caused by ants. Ants are very intelligent and creative creatures; they work in groups

and can cause food contamination, since they have been crossing many unpleasant and dirty

locationsand can cause not deadly but itchy and painful bites.

(http://www.harvesttotable.com/2009/05/ants_in_the_garden_ant_pestici/)

Aside from that, some insects, like termites, can weaken the foundation of a house.

Termites eat non-stop 24 hours a day and they will never stop unless they have finished eating

everything that has cellulosepapers, woods, and clothesand termites contain a parasite

that produces very harmful and foul castings. (http://vestagms.com/articles/negative-effects-of-

termites/)
 To minimize the harm caused by ants and termites, humans normally use pesticides. But

these pesticides carry chemicals and unhealthy scents that are hazardous to our body. The

chemicals from these pesticides may cause allergic reactions to the skin or may even lead to

hospitalization. One billion pounds of pesticide are sprayed annually to the food that we ingest.

In addition, pesticides can infect drinking water, the air we breathe, and the food we intake,

which may cause Parkinson's cancer, miscarriage and could give birth-defects. So instead of

stopping ants and termites from creating disaster, using these adds a more serious problem into

your hands. Pesticides might be effective to these pests but these potent chemical compounds

may be more harmful to you than the environment than the pests.

(http://www.toxicsaction.org/problems-and-solutions/pesticides)

So using an organic homemade spray can be used as a substitute to these pesticides. So

creating an organic spray using plants with anti-insecticidal properties that can bring the same

effects in killing ants and termites, is one of the best alternatives and solution to the problem.

Lantana, commonly known as Kantutay, is a flowering plant, and is also considered as an

invasive weed that spreads very quickly. One plant produces up to 12,000 seeds per year.

Kantutay has many uses such as its use as a wound cleanser, a cure for snake bites, and it also

has a unique characteristic of repelling termites. In addition, Oregano, a part of the mint family,

has an aromatic smell that repels mosquito and ants.

To find a solution, the researchers planned to create a spray using plants that are common

and abundant here in Puerto Princesa City. With the help of the anti-terimicidal property of

Kantutay and the ant-repelling scent of Oregano, this organic spray can kill, repel, and minimize

the activities done by ants and termites.

 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study works to know if the natural insecticidal-properties of Lantana and Oregano

can be used as an alternative to a commercial pesticide in killing fire ants and subterranean

termites or repel the fire ants.

Consequently, the researcher planned to make an Ant-termicide and Ant Repellent from

Lantana and Oregano extracts to answer the following questions:

1 Can these organic sprays kill the ants:

a Placed on the Petri Dish
b Placed on a basin

c.On the environment

2 Can these organic sprays kill the termites:

a Placed on the Petri Dish
b Placed on a basin
c On the environment
3 How long would the spray repel ants?
a In the balcony
b Inside the kitchen
c In the room
4 What spray had the most significant effect in killing:
a Ants
b Termites
5 What spray had the most significant effect in repelling ants?
6 What is the difference in using an organic spray and a commercial pesticide?

Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the percentile potential of Lantana,,

Oregano-Lantana, and Commercial Pesticide to become an anticide, anti-termicide, and ant

repellence.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

 This study is important and remarkable because it can help minimize the problems caused

by ants and termites on the field and in our abode. To kill the ants and termites, we have a habit

of using pesticides but this study substitutes that with a harmless organic spray. The sprays

created in this project are organic and does not contain harmful chemicals and toxic gases such

as that of a factory-made bug spray. The sprays created are not harmful to the body and they do

not contribute to air pollution. The materials used in making the organic spray are very common

and abundant in the province of Puerto Princesa City. Also, it is cheaper than bug sprays sold in

the market.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

The study entitled " Lantana and Oregano Extract As an Effective Ant-Termicide and Ant

Repellent " will be conducted to find a safer way of killing and getting rid of ants and termites.

The study is only limited to ants and termites. The species of ants that were tested in this study

are only fire ants. The species of termites that were tested are only subterranean termites. All the

materials used in making the spray are organic. The study does not further discuss about the

characteristics of Lantana, it just discusses its anti-termiticidal property, and also with the

Oregano, discussing its anticidal property. The extracts to be used in making the spray is only

from Oregano and Lantana, the extracts will be extracted from the Oregano leaves but leaves and

flowers for the Lantana. The amount of bug spray to be created and tested is at least 500mL. The

only commercial bug spray used in the study is the PC Target Multi-Insect Killer. The study does

not involve microscopic observations of the effects and reactions of the ants and termites.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 Termites are eusocial insects; they distribute labor among their castes consisting of

female workers, male soldiers, kings, and queens. Their colonies range in size from a few

hundred individuals to several million individuals. There are 3,106 named species of these

detritivores, 435 species of these are found in Asia. Termites feed on dead plant materials and

cellulose, generally in the form of wood, leaf litter, soil, or animal castings. These insects are

found in the subtropical and tropical regions of the world everywhere except Antarctica,

because they have soft cuticles. The "queen" or the fertile female of the termites has the longest

lifespan among insects reaching 50 years of age. Several hundred species are economically

significant as pests that can cause serious damage to buildings, crops, and a broad space of

plantation forests. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termite)

Termites are divided into three ecological groups: the damp wood termites, which are

found in coniferous forests, the dry wood termites, which are located in hardwood forests, and

the subterranean termites that live in widely diverse areas. (www.termites.wiki)

Subterranean Termites are termites that can have up to 2 million individuals in its colony.

These termites feed on wood, wall paper, plastics and fabrics made from botanical sources.

Subterranean termites live in underground colonies or in wet areas aboveground.

These termites are the most destructive kind of termite. They can eat loads of wood and

can cause an expensive damage on a house. Termites can also injure or destroy living trees and

shrubs. They also ruin foundations, wooden support beams, filtration systems, and even wire

cables. (http://pestworldforkids.org/pest-guide/termites/)
 Oregano is a perennial herb and a member of the mint family that grows in many areas

around the world. The oil of this herb has a powerful anti-microbial, antibacterial, antiviral, and

antifungal property. Extracting oil from this herb would result to golden, dark yellow oil with a

strong odor.

The oil contains natural phytochemical compounds with beneficial antioxidants effects

such as, Thymol---a natural fungicide that acts as a shield against toxins. Terpenes--- known for

its antibacterial properties. Narigininhibits the growth and widespread of cancer cells. And

most importantly, the Carvacrol a phytochemical compound that stops various bacterial

infections and is said to be significantly effective against insects.

(http://articles.mercola.com/herbal-oils/oregano-oil.aspx)

Some scientists believed that mosquitoes avoid DEET because they dislike the smell,

while others thought DEET might confuse the insects by dulling their sense of smell Insects

smell with their antennae, appendages laced with olfactory nerves. The majority of these neurons

are equipped with an odor receptor made up of two proteins that snap together, kind of like

Legos, each odor receptor contains one protein called Orco paired with another protein. In fruit

flies, the insect in which olfaction has been most studied, Orco can be bound to any one of sixty

other proteins. Odor molecules wafting through the air bind to these receptors, triggering activity

in some nerves and inhibiting activity in others. Different patterns of neural activity encode

different smells. DEET confuses insects by preventing certain odor receptors from working

properly. DEET affects the activity of odor-detecting neurons in the brains of fruit flies, which

use the same basic mechanisms as mosquitoes to detect smells, and are more experimentally

accessible due to tools created during the fruit flys long history as a model organism.

(https://phys.org/news/2011-09-deet-insects.html)
 Lantana is a perennial sun-loving plant that attracts butterflies. The oil of this plant is

aroma-therapeutic and has insecticidal properties. Lantana camara has been shown to be effective

in preventing termites from destroying wood. Methanol and chloroform extracts from lantana

showed a high mortality against subterranean termite populations. Lantana camara has a scent

that termites hate. (http://www.gardenguides.com/130457-lantana-plant-pesticide.html)

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

According to the study "Identification of Insecticidal Properties in Lantana Camara by S.

Murusegan, C.Rajeshkannan, D. Suresh, and R. Sumathi", the leaves of the Lantana Camara are

being used for treating disorders like scratching, stomach ache, rheumatism, wound healing,

tooth ache and more. Lantana Camara also is positive in aspects of having antiprotozoal,

antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral, antioxidant, and alellopathic activities. In conducting the

study, they placed the leaf of L. Camara in a still ----it produces pressurized steam through the

plant material. The heat from the steam causes globules of oil in the plant to burst out and causes

the oil to evaporate. The oil vapor and the steam goes out of the still into a water cooled pipe---

the place where the vapors are condensed back into liquids. During the process, the oil separates

from the water and the oil floats at the top. The leaves of L. camara consists of different

substances such as Copaene, a substance that is strongly attractive to pests, Germacine, a

substance that has antimicrobial and insecticidal properties, Cadinone that serves as an

insecticide, and Carophyllene which is known effective against lepidopteran insects.

According to the study about the "Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical, and Antimicrobial

studies on the Leaves of L. camara that Lantana camara is a common weed that grows
abundantly in our surround, During the experiment whereas the phytochemical study reveals that

L. camara contains phytoconstituents---alkaloids, glycosides, flavoloids, tannin and etc.---and

anti-microbial activities. Extract of Lantana camara when compared with some standard drugs,

the activites were less potent but can be useful if combined with an anti-microbial agent.

Based on the study entitled "The efficacy of Lantana flowers and leaves extract on

Cockroaches by Manilyn F. Diano" all of the parts of L. camara are traditionally used for several

ailments. Lantana camara is considered to be a poisonous weed, it spreads rapidly, and it spoils

animal habitats and exerts toxic effects when ingested. The experiment revealed that the different

plant extracts from the different parts of the plant had insecticidal properties that can cause death

to cockroaches. There is no significant difference between the leaves and the commercial

insecticide---also there is no significant difference between the leaves and the flowers. The pure

extract of L. camara had insecticidal effects on the cockroach and has a comparable effect to the

commercial insecticide.

METHODOLOGY

Materials

Making the Spray

 The materials needed to do the experiment are: 500g Kantutay (L. Camara) leaves,

1000 g Oregano leaves, 2 jars, 3 spray bottles, and an electric juicer.

Testing the Spray

In order to test the effectiveness of the spray as ant-termicide you can do any of the

following: First of all, you must have a place where the effect will be easily noticed. Also, you

need to have the insects to be tested with (ants and termites nests or colonies). First, get 10 ants

or termites and a petri dish, spray 20 times on the petri dish and then place the ants. This

procedure might be difficult since ants move fast and has a chance to lurk out of the petri dishes.

So the Second one is to get 10 ants or termites and a big basin; spray each ant with a spray. Third

is to test the sprays on the pests in action, for ants: find ants that are scavenging for food, spray

10 times, then observe what will happen. For termites: Find places where termites are attacking,

then spray on the area 25 times and observe what would happen.

In order to test the effectiveness of the spray as an ant repellent, you need to test it in 3

different areas,the balcony, the kitchen, and your own roomget a bait like sugar or bread

crumbs and then surround the bait with 5mL of spray, then record how long before an ant tries to

enter or get the bait.

Procedure

Making the Oregano Extract

 Gather some Oregano leaves. Chop the Oregano leaves and set these aside. Extract

oregano leaves using an electric juicer and place it on different spray bottles. The suggested

amount of Oregano leaves is 1000g.

Making the Lantana Extract

Get and chop some Lantana, leaves or flowers may do. Extract the Lantana leaves and

flower using an electric juicer and place it on different spray bottles. The recommended amount

of Lantana leaves and flowers is 500g.

Making the Spray

Prepare 3 different spray bottles with labels. Put 10 ounces of oregano extract on the first

bottle, 10 ounces of Lantana on the second bottle, and 5 ounces of Oregano extract and 5 ounces

Lantana extracts combined on the third spray bottle.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1.A Number of Ants that died after spraying using the Lantana extract, Oregano

extract, and the Lantana and Oregano Extract on a petri dish

Testing Lantana Oregano L&O Commercial Tap Water

1 8 4 8 10 0
2 10 1 9 10 0
3 10 2 3 10 0
Average 9.3 2.3 6.7 10 0
As measured in terms of how many ants died out of 10 on petri dishes using three

different sprays, a commercial pesticide, and a negative control (water), the spray with Lantana

killed an average of 9.3 ants, Oregano with 2.3 ants; the combination of both Oregano and

Lantana took effect and killed an average of 6.7 ants. The commercial pesticide killed all ants

while the tap water killed none.

On the testing of ants placed on the petri dishes, out of the three organic sprays, Lantana

killed the most number of ants, then the spray with both Lantana and Oregano, and the spray

with Oregano. All of them have the potential to kill fire ants and has comparable effects to the

commercial

Table 1.B Number of ants that died using the spray with Lantana extract, Oregano Extract,

and the Lantana and Oregano Extract on the basin.

Testing Lantana Oregano L&O Commercial Tap Water

1 1 5 2 9 1
2 2 5 1 10 0
3 4 6 5 9 1
Average 2.3 5.3 2.7 9.3 0.7
The results of the sprays that were used in killing ants placed on a basin were, the spray with

Oregano killed an average of 5.3 ants, followed by the Lantana and Oregano spray that killed

2.7, 2.3 for the spray with Lantana only. 9.3 for the commercial pesticide, and 0.7 in average for

the tap water On the other hand, on the testing of ants placed on a basin, The Oregano spray
killed the most number of ants, followed by the Lantana and Oregano spray, then the Lantana-

only spray.

Table 1.C The Number of Ants that died while scavenging when sprayed with Lantana

Spray, Oregano Spray, and the Lantana and Oregano Spray

Testing Lantana Oregano L&O Commercial Tap Water

1 43.8% 38.7% 40% 100% 7.1%
2 47.6% 50% 42.9% 82.35% 0
3 80% 20% 44.4% 100% 20%
Average 57.1% 36.2% 42.4% 94.12% 9%
When sprayed while hunting for food, 57.1% of ants out of three testings died when the

Lantana spray was used, 42.4% for the Lantana and Oregano, and 36.2% for the Oregano only.

94.12% of the ants were killed by the Commercial Pesticide and 9% were killed by tap water.

Table 2.A The Number of Termites that died after spraying using the Lantana extract,

Oregano extract, and the Lantana and Oregano Extract, on the petri dish.

Testing Lantana Oregano L&O Tap Water

1 10 9 9 4
2 9 8 9 5
3 8 8 8 7
Average 9 8.5 8.7 5.3
Out of 10 termites placed on the petri dishes for every testing, the spray with Lantana

killed 9 termites in average, the Oregano and Lantana with 8.7 termites, Oregano with 8.3 in

average, and the negative control, water only killed 5.3 termites in average.

Table 2.B Number of termites that died using the spray with Lantana extract, Oregano

Extract, and the Lantana and Oregano Extract on the basin

Testing Lantana Oregano L&O Commercial Tap Water

1 8 7 9 10 0
 2 8 5 9 10 3
3 5 6 8 10 4
Average 7 6 8.7 10 2.3
When tested on the basins, the spray with only Lantana killed an average of 7 termites,

Oregano and Lantana with 8.7, and Oregano with 6 termites. The Lantana Spray killed an

average of 5.8 termites out of the six testings, Oregano and Lantana killed an average of 4.7

termites, and Oregano killed an average of 3.8.

Table 2.C The Number of Termites that died while on their nests when sprayed with

Lantana Spray, Oregano Spray, and the Lantana and Oregano Spray

Testing Lantana Oregano L&O Commercial

1 90% 33% 43% 100%
2 90% 30% 40% 95%
3 25% 46.2% 44.44 100%
Average 68.3% 36.4% 42.5% 98.3%
When tested on the environment, the spray with only Lantana killed an average of

68.3% termites, Oregano and Lantana with 42.5%, and Oregano with 36.4%. The

commercial repellent killed 98.3%.

Table 3.A The Duration of Time before the ants went to the sugar surrounded with

Lantana Spray, Oregano Spray, and the Lantana and Oregano Spray in the Balcony

Testing Lantana Oregano L&O Commercial Tap Water

1 30 mins. 15 mins. 3 mins. 30 mins 2 mins.
2 20 mins 20 mins 20 mins. 30 mins 5 mins
3 25 mins. 30 mins. 25 mins 25 mins 25 mins
Average 25 mins. 21.7 mins. 16 mins. 28.3 mins 10.7 mins
3 trials conducted to test each of the spray, tap water and commercial insect killer for its

ant repellence for 30 minutes amount of time having a teaspoonful of brown sugar held on an

aluminum foil surrounded by 5 mL of each of the spray. Trial 1 indicates that the Commercial

and Lantana have the same repellence effect having the amount of time of 30 minutes. The
repellence amount of time of Oregano and tap water, results to repelling amount of time of 15

minutes and 2 minutes, respectively. Trial 2 indicates that the commercial has the longest

repellence amount of time repelling for 30 minutes, followed by the 20 minutes repellence

amount of time belonging to Lantana, Oregano and L&O. Tap water has the shortest repellence

time of 5 minutes. Observed on trial 3, commercial and Oregano both have the same repellence

time of 30 minutes, followed by 25 minutes repellence time of Lantana, L&O, and tap water.

Having the average of 30 minutes repellence time of the commercial insect killer, 25 minutes for

Lantana, 21.7 minutes for Oregano, 16 minutes for L&O, and 10.7 minutes for tap water.

Among the three sprays created, Lantana has the longest amount of repellence time

followed by Oregano spray then the L&O spray. The positive control, commercial insect killer,

repelled ants the longest. The negative control which is the tap water, repelled shorter than the

Oregano.

Table 3.B The Duration of Time before the ants went to the sugar surrounded with

Lantana Spray, Oregano Spray, and the Lantana and Oregano Spray inside the

Kitchen

Testing Lantana Oregano L&O Commercial Tap Water

1 25 mins. 5 mins. 10 mins. 30 mins. 5 mins.
2 10 mins. 10 mins. 30 mins. 30 mins. 25 mins
3 30 mins. 10 mins. 30 mins. 30 mins. 10 mins
Average 21.7 mins. 8.3 mins 23.3 mins 30 mins 13.5 mins
3 trials conducted to test each of the spray, tap water and commercial insect killer for its

ant repellence for 30 minutes amount of time having a teaspoonful of brown sugar held on an

aluminum foil surrounded by 5 mL of each of the spray. Trial 1 shows that commercial insect

killer is more effective having repelled ants for 30 minutes compared to Lantana, Oregano, L&O,

Tap water repelling for 25 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 5 minutes, respectively. Trial 2
shows that the commercial insect killer and Lantana have the same repellence time of 30 minutes

which is more effective than the 25-minute repellence time of tap water and the 10-minute

repellence time of Lantana and Oregano. Trial 3 shows that commercial insect killer, Lantana and

L&O all have the same amount of repellence time which is 30 minutes implying that they are

more effective than the 10 minutes repellence time of Oregano and Tap water. Having the

average of 30 minutes repellence time belonging to the commercial insect killer, 21.7 minutes

for Lantana, 23.3 minutes for L&O, 13.5 minutes for tap water, and 8.3 minutes for Oregano.

Among the three sprays created, Lantana has the longest amount of repellence time

followed by L&O spray and the Oregano spray. The positive control, commercial insect killer,

repelled ants the longest. The negative control which is the tap water, repelled shorter than the

Oregano.

Table 3.C The Duration of Time before the ants went to the sugar surrounded with

Lantana Spray, Oregano Spray, and the Lantana and Oregano Spray in the Room

Testing Lantana Oregano L&O Commercial Tap Water

1 30 mins. 30 mins. 20 mins. 30 mins. 20 mins.
2 30 mins. 30 mins. 30 mins. 30 mins. 30 mins.
3 30 mins. 30 mins. 30 mins. 30 mins. 30 mins.
Average 30 mins. 30 mins. 26.7 mins 30 mins. 26.7 mins
3 trials conducted to test each of the spray, tap water and commercial insect killer for its

ant repellence for 30 minutes amount of time having a teaspoonful of brown sugar held on an

aluminum foil surrounded by 5 mL of each of the spray. At trial 1, 30 minutes repellence time

belongs to commercial, Lantana, Oregano. 20 minutes repellence time belongs to L&O and the

same goes with the tap water. All the sprays, including the positive and negative control have 30

minutes repellence time observed at trial 2 and trial 3. Commercial insect killer, Lantana and
Oregano have the average of 30 minutes repellence time. L&O and tap water have the average

of 26.7 minutes repellence time.

Among the three sprays created, Lantana only and Oregano only have the longest amount

of repellence time followed by L&O spray. The positive control, commercial insect killer,

repelled ants the longest. The negative control which is the tap water, repelled shorter than the

Oregano.

Table 4.A The Percentage of Ants that died while on petri dishes, basin, and in their

environment when sprayed with Lantana Spray, Oregano Spray, and the Lantana and

Oregano Spray

Types of Testing Lantana Oregano Lantana and Oregano

a. Petri Dish 93% 25% 67%

b. Basin 23% 53% 27%

c. Environment 57.1% 36.2% 42.4%

Average 57.7% 37.5% 45.5%

Shown on this table 3 trials tested each on petri dishes, basins and environment. On petri

dishes with 20 sprays of each bottle observed for 10 ants, Lantana is more effective than Oregano

only and Oregano-Lantana, having a percentage of 93% compared to the result of 25% for

Oregano only and 67% for Oregano-Lantana. Oregano is more effective with a percentage of

53% compared to 23% for Lantana and 27% for Oregano-Lantana; based on the testings done on

basin having 10 sprays of each observed for 10 ants. Observed at the environment where ants are

seen, Lantana with a percentage of 57.1% is more effective than the 42.4% from Oregano-

Lantana and the 36.2% of Oregano only.

 The one with the most significant effect in killing ants is Lantana spray with 57.7%,

followed by the mixture of Lantana and Oregano that eliminated 37.5 out of the three different

procedures and then Oregano that killed 37.5% of ants overall.

Table 4.B The Percentage of Termites that died while on petri dishes, basin, and in their

environment when sprayed with Lantana Spray, Oregano Spray, and the Lantana and

Oregano Spray

Types of Testing Lantana Oregano Lantana and Oregano

a. Petri Dish 90% 85% 87%

b. Basin 70% 60% 63%

c. Environment 66.7% 34.7% 44.3%

Average 75.6% 59.9% 64.8%

The table implies that Lantana killed 75.6% of termites, making it the most significant

among the three sprays, followed by the combination of Lantana and Oregano that killed 64.8%

of termites, and then the Oregano-only spray that eliminated 59.9% of termites.

In summarization, the Lantana killed the most number of termites, showing its the most

effective among the three due to the anti-termicidal property of Lantana. The mixture of Lantana

and Oregano killed the second-most among the three. And the Oregano-only, that killed the least

among the three, but the results were not significantly far from each other.
Table 5.The Significant Effect of Repelling Ants at the Balcony, Inside the Kitchen, and

in the Room Before the Ants Went to the Sugar Surrounded with Lantana Spray,

Oregano Spray, and the Lantana and Oregano Spray

Types of Testing Lantana Oregano Lantana and Oregano

a. Balcony 25 mins. 21.7 mins 16 mins

b. Kitchen 21.7 mins. 8.3 mins. 23.3 mins

c. Room 30 mins. 30 mins. 26.7 mins

Average 25.56 mins 20 mins. 22 mins.

The table 5.A shows the ant repellence of the sprays in three different locations. On the

first location, the balcony, Lantana had the longest time in repelling the ants with 25 minutes.

Followed by the Oregano with 21.7 minutes, and then the Lantana and Oregano with 16 minutes

of repellence. On the second location, inside the kitchen, the Lantana and Oregano repelled ants

for 23.3 minutes, Lantana with 21.7 minutes of repellence, and Oregano with 8.3 minutes.

Finally, on the room, Lantana and Oregano completely repelled the ants within the time frame of

30 minutes and the Mixture of Lantana of Oregano with 26.7 minutes of ant repellence.

Lantana had the most effectivity as an ant-repellent, followed by Lantana and Oregano,

and then the Oregano.

Table 6.A The percentile potential of Lantana, Oregano, and Oregano-Lantana and the
Commercial Pesticide as Anticide, Anti-termicide, and Ant Repellence
Types of Testing Lantana Oregano Oregano & Commercial
Lantana Pesticide
a.Anticide 57.7 37.5 45.5 95.7
b.Anti-termicide 75.6 59.9 64.8 100
c.Ant repellence 85 67 73 100
Table 6.B The Significant Difference between the potential of Lantana, Oregano, Oregano-

Lantana, and commercial pesticide to become anticide, anti-termicide, and ant repellence.

Variables df F test value Level of Critical Value Interpretation

Signifcance
Lantana
Oregano
3 Null
Oregano-Lantana
Commercial 7.075 0.01 7.56 hypothesis
8
Pesticide Accepted

The table shows that the f-value of 7.075 is less than the critical value of 7.56 at 0.01

level of significance. The f-value falls on the region of region of acceptance, thus, the null

hypothesis is accepted.

Therefore, there is no significant difference among the potential of Lantana, Oregano,

Oregano-Lantana and commercial pesticide as anticide, anti-termicide, and ant repellence.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary of the findings

Based on the results of the test conducted on the study, it was found out that the Lantana

Spray killed 57.7% of ants, 75.6 of termites, and repelled 85% of ants within 30 minutes. The

Oregano spray killed 37.5% of ants, eliminated 59.8% of termites, and repelled 67% of ants on a

time frame of 30 minutes. The mixture of both Lantana and Oregano, killed 45.5% of ants,

64.8% of termites, and repelled 73% of ants within 30 minutes.

Analyzed and compared, Lantana was found the most effective in three aspects, being an

ant killer, termite killer and ant repellent. Followed by the Oregano and Lantana Spray, then the

Oregano-only spray.

The data also shows that there is no significant difference between the three types of

sprays and the multi-insect commercial killer and its potential as anticide, anti-termicide, and ant

repellence.

Conclusion

Based on the findings, proving that the organic sprays that contains, Lantana only,

Oregano only, and the mixture of both Lantana and Oregano, can have comparable effects to the

commercial pesticides as ant killers, termite killers, and ant repellence, after the testings,

majority of the ants and termites died, and most of the ants were repelled for a long period of

time, it is therefore concluded that the organic sprays has a potential to be an anticide, anti-

termicide, and ant repellence.

Recommendation
 After the conduct of the study, the researchers highly recommend to use the organic

sprays made and tested in the study since they are comparable to a commercial pesticide, also,

the sprays have no poisonous and hazardous chemicals that may bring adverse health effects

unlike the commercial pesticides. Also, the materials used are very common.

We also recommend to the researchers to further enhance this study. Also, the researchers

recommend that development of the product to be more significant than the commercial

pesticide. We also recommend to test the sprays on different species of termites and ants.

References:
1.) http://www.essential-oil-mama.com/make-your-own-essential-oil.html

2.) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termite

3.) http://pestworldforkids.org/pest-guide/termites/

4.) http://articles.mercola.com/herbal-oils/oregano-oil.aspx

5.) http://www.gardenguides.com/130457-lantana-plant-pesticide.html

6.) (http://www.harvesttotable.com/2009/05/ants_in_the_garden_ant_pestici/)

7.) (http://www.toxicsaction.org/problems-and-solutions/pesticides)

8.) (www.termites.wiki)

9.) (http://vestagms.com/articles/negative-effects-of-termites/)

10.) Identification of Insecticidal Properties in Lantana Camara (S. Murusegan, C. Rajeshkanan,

D. Suresh, and R. Sumathi)

11.) Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical, and Antimicrobial studies on the Leaves of L. Camara

(R.R Pradhan, D.K Hati and S. Samal)

12.) The Efficacy of Lantana Flowers and Leaves Extracts on Cockroaches (Manilyn F. Diano)

13.) (https://phys.org/news/2011-09-deet-insects.html)

Appendices: