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system
Session VI
Machine Hall
600
500
300
200
100
0
1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0
Turbine outlet pressure [bara]
Steam Power Plant with Condenser
Silencer
Geothermal
fluid
G
Steam Mist
separator eliminator Cooling tower
Production wells
Water Condenser
Condensate
Condensate
Reinjection wells
Steam Power Plant Double Pressure
Two phase Steam
flow separator HP steam Turbine - generator
LP steam
G
Two
phase LP Steam
flow separator Condenser Tcw
Cooling system
G
Steam Secondary steam
LP Turbine - generator
separator
G
LP Steam
separator Condenser Tcw
Cooling system
Tcw
Cooling system
G
Steam
separator
District To district
heating heating
system
Condenser
Tcw
Cooling system
Cooling
towers
De-aerators
Hot water tank
De-aerators
Re-injection wells
25. 02. 2008 Heat exchangers
Binary Cycles
Phigh
Turbine Generator
Tsource
G
Evaporator
Tdischarge Plow
Condenser Tcw
Cooling system
Circulation pump
Binary Cycles with Recuperation
Phigh
Turbine Generator
Tsource
G
Evaporator
Tdischarge Plow
Recuperator
Condenser Tcw
Cooling system
Circulation pump
Binary Plant Berlin El Salvador
LaGeo
Binary Cycles Kalina
Separator
Turbine Generator
Tdischarge
Low temp
recuperator
Condenser
Tcw
Cooling system
Circulation pump
Hsavik Kalina plant
14 0
ORC 12 0
Kalina
11 0
12 0
10 0
Temperature
10 0
Temperature
90
80
80
60
70
40
60
20
55 0 50 0 45 0 40 0 35 0 30 0 25 0 20 0
50
0 0, 2 0, 4 0, 6 0, 8 1
Tdischarge
Cooling system
Work Cycle Comparison
Specific Power
Work Cycle Cost Comparison
12
10
8
/W
6 Kalina
Kalex
4 ORC
0
80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130
Inlet Temperature [C]
Steam supply system Turbine - generator
G Primary binary
turbine - generator
Evaporator
G
Cooling system
Turbines
Pressure
Production wells Cooling
relief
towers
Re-injection wells
Nesjavellir Power Plant
Cooling towers Steam
Power pipelines
Plant
SiO2 (mg/kg)
97/23/EC 800 330 C
300 C
400 240 C
Power generation 0
1.00 10.00 100.00
Mitigation:
Pressure control / closed loop system
cleaning of the steam
Inhibitors
500
Assumptions:
Power generation
Total turbine efficiency: 0,8
450
350
h = 2000 kJ/kg
300
h = 1800 kJ/kg
250
h = 1600 kJ/kg
200
150
100
50
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Separator pressure [bara]
Typical productivity curves
Well Pump Low Enthalpy
Type
Submersible pump
Line shaft pump
Selection and operation
Depth
Temperature
Scaling
Bubble point
Gathering System Design load
Constant load
Weight
Pressure
Variable load (depending on location)
Wind load
Snow load
Earthquake
Frictional load
Thermal expansion
Friction
Gathering System - Pipelines
Pipe laying
Under ground
Above ground
Material selection
Pipe size
Pressure/temperature
Steam Supply System Pipelines
1000
900
Pipe diameter [mm]
800
700
7 bar-a
600
20 bar-a
500
400
300
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Flow [kg/s]
Gathering system route selection
Public safety
Environmental impact
Restriction on land
Cost efficiency
Steam pipelines
Steam Supply - Layout
Central separation station
Satellite separation stations
Individual separators
Cyclone separators
Gravity separators
Efficiency
Steam separator and moisture separator
should together achieve 99,99 % bw.
liquid removal or better
Calculated example
The presenter will go through a calculated
example to show methods used for basic
engineering within steam gathering system
design. The example taken will be connected
to the special conditions encountered in
geothermal energy.
Example
Example for 1200 kJ/kg well enthalpy
40-50C condensing temperature
Back pressure
Objective
Maximize the power production
Assumptions
We know the reservoir enthalpy
We know the condenser temperature
Separation pressure does not influence the well
flow
Example, condensing unit
Example, condensing unit
The maximum power will be 12,4 MW
Entalpy = 1200 kJ/kg
Condensing pressure 0,075 bara / temperature
40C
Separation pressure 6 bara
Flow 100 kg/s
1000
SiO2 (mg/kg)
800 330 C
300 C
600
270 C
400 240 C
200
0
1.00 10.00 100.00
Pressure (bar-a)
Thank You!
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