Kimjoy S.

Auxtero BSTM-3

RULES OF CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISM

Rule No. 1
There must be only three categorical propositions.

Example:
All quek-quek are sweet and sour.
Ergo, All sweet and sour are quek-quek.

Mu + Tp
Ergo, Tp + Mu

Invalid, Absence of Middle term.

Rule No. 2
There must be only three univocal terms,
each of which occurring twice but not in the same
proposition.

Example:
A tamaraw is an animal.
FEU volleyball players are tamaraw.
Ergo, FEU volleyball players are animal.

Mu + Tp
tu + Mp
Ergo, tu + Tp

Invalid, Fallacy of Four Terms.

Rule No. 3
The middle term must be distributed at least once.

Example:
All HNU students eat banana.
All monkeys eat banana.
Ergo, All HNU students are monkeys.

tu + Mp
Tu + Mp
Ergo, tu + Tp

In valid, Fallacy of Undistributed Middle

Term
Rule No. 4
If the term is distributed in the conclusion,
then such term must be distributed in a premise.

Examples:
All Filipinos are generous.
No Americans are Filipinos.
Ergo, No Americans are generous.

Mu + Tp
tu + Mu
Ergo, tu Tu

Invalid, Illicit in Major Term.

 No Holynamians are Pmiers.
All Holynamians are cool.
Ergo, No cool are Pmiers.

Mu + Tu
Mu + tp
Ergo, tu Tu

Invalid, Illicit in minor term.

Rule No. 5
There must be no two particular premises;
one premise at least must be universal.

Example:
Some Boholanos are jeepney drivers.
Some Pampangeneos are jeepney drivers.
Ergo, All Boholanos are Pampangeneos,

tp + Mp
Tp + Mp
Ergo, tu + Tp

Invalid, The Fallacy of Rule 3

Undistributed Middle Term, Illicit (Rule 5)
in minor term, The Fallacy of Rule 5 Two
Particular premises.
Rule No. 6
If one premise is particular, the conclusion must be
particular.

Example:
Some Boholanos are not hospitable.
All Cebuanos are hospitable.
Ergo, All Cebuanos are not Boholanos.

Tp Mu
Tu + Mp
Ergo, tu Tu

Invalid, Illicit in major term & violates Rule

# 6.

Rule No. 7
If the conclusion is negative, only one premise must be
negative.

Example:
All cotton fruits (santol) are sour.
Some ripe fruits are cotton fruits.
Ergo, Some ripe fruits are not sour.
 Mu + Tp
tp + Mp
Ergo, tp - Tu

Invalid, Illicit Exclusion & in Major Term.

Rule: 8
If the conclusion is affirmative, then both premises must
be affirmative.

Example:
All kakanin are native.
Some native are tribes.
Ergo, Some kakanin are tribes.

tu + Mp
Mp + Tp
Ergo, tp + Tp

In valid, Fallacy of Undistributed Middle

Term