Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
We have learned from Professor Jean Cahan (who helped kick off an
extended two-week study session at Tifereth Israel Congregation involv-
ing our troupe on the subject of Spinoza) that the excommunication of
Jews during the 17th Century was not uncommon; there were, in fact,
thirty-nine between 1622 and 1683. But most sentences were short.
Even the cantor was excommunicated (but that was only for a day)! Spinoza’s sentence was
different. The severity was commensurate with the umbrage taken.
Why was the community so provoked? Why didn’t it rally to defend one of its own; a best
and brightest light—albeit a provocative, occasionally arrogant presence? Clearly the Jew-
ish community is coerced, pressured, and feels it has no choice but to censure its prodigal
son. Yet, for all his alleged sins—which includes a blasphemous discussion of theology with
Gentiles—Spinoza repudiates his Jewishness far less than the Jewish community repudiates
him. Why such communal ferocity directed at a most un-ferocious dissident? And what
does the inflamed reaction say about us today?
Spinoza’s ideas destabilized Jewish thinking, then and now. Spinoza questions the Jew-
ish community’s relationship with the governing Dutch authority. More than that, he sets
the stage for modern Judaism’s understanding of the Torah as a historical—not a divinely
originated—document. And, of course, he asks basic questions about God, challenging the
centrality of faith as a cornerstone of religious practice. Widely accepted, rationalist views
today are met with uproar and fury by the community. Its intellectual weakness exposed,
the community hits back, defensive and aggressive.
What do we do with the blasphemers of our time; those heretics who destabilize the com-
munity with trailblazing thoughts? Why isn’t Spinoza’s “heresy” reflected upon by the “en-
lightened” community that spawned him? Why no acceptance from the rabbi who nurtured
him like a son?
The genius of David Ives’ play is that in exposing the community’s hypocrisy, we are also
exposed to flaws and contradictions within Spinoza himself. What fuels this angry young
man to such heights of impudence, while still maintaining a strong self-identification with
the Jewish community? Was Spinoza such an angry young man? Or did his love of reason
demand a sanguine and unwavering devotion to rational belief over blind faith?
A debate play seemingly about the nature of God—or the God of nature—really turns out to
be a mystery play about the nature of a man and what moves him, and what moves a com-
munity to silence—and remove—him. The community exhibits no willingness to compromise,
but then neither does Spinoza. Spinoza is touched, but in the end unmoved by the imploring
of his teacher. Is this stubborn rigidity a trait to be admired, or does it seal his fate?
There’s something of The Crucible in this drama of a man holding firm—and making new
discoveries—before an unholy tribunal. These are angry times in our own nation, and in our
multi-stranded Jewish community as well. What we have in New Jerusalem is a play to ap-
preciate and to inspire learning, both from books and from examining ourselves—how we
behaved as a community once upon a time and how we continue still—as we marvel at the
achievement of a towering young giant whose greatness refused to be expunged.
-Ari Roth
1
Theater J’s Angels
Theater J Council
Marion Ein Lewin Ellen Malasky Ann Gilbert Stephen Stern
Co-Chair Secretary Carolyn Kaplan Manny Strauss
Irene Wurtzel Natalie Abrams Yoav Lurie Barbara Tempchin
Co-Chair Patty Abramson Amelia S. Mattler Trish Vradenburg
Lois Fingerhut Michele G. Berman Jack Moskowitz Joan Wessel
Vice-Chair Mara Bralove Elaine Reuben Rosa Wiener
Paul Mason Deborah Carliner Evelyn Sandground Margot Zimmerman
Vice-Chair Mimi Conway Hank Schlosberg
Ira Hillman Myrna Fawcett Andy Shallal
Treasurer Cheryl Gorelick Patti Sowalsky
2
Aaron & Cecile Goldman Theater/Morris Cafritz Center for the Arts
New Jerusalem: The Interrogation of Baruch de Spinoza is presented by special arrangement with
Dramatist Play Service, New York. It was originally produced by Classic Stage Company, Brian Kulick,
Artistic Director; Jessica R. Jenen, Executive Director, by special arrangement with Robert Boyett.
Patrons are requested to turn off pagers, cellular phones and signal watches during performances.
Please do not text message during the performance and remember to turn your cell phone off after intermission.
The taking of photographs and the use of recording equipment are not allowed in this auditorium.
3
About Spinoza
The beginning of the 17th century saw European civilization in the midst of a long, arduous
climb out of the brutality and fear that dominated much of the Middle Ages. The young man
Baruch de Spinoza (1632-1677) was one of a handful of thinkers who took it upon them-
selves to examine a millennium of old ideas, dissect them, and discard what they no longer
believed was in mankind’s best interest. In this way, Spinoza and his contemporaries acted
as philosophical midwives to the modern age.
However, at the time this play takes place, the recognition of Spinoza as a philosophical
founding father is unrealized. In Amsterdam of 1656, Spinoza is a man of many ideas but
few friends, and on the verge of being an outcast in his own community.
The Jewish community in Amsterdam was still very young at this time. When the Inquisition
expanded into Portugal in 1580, many Portuguese Jews found refuge in Amsterdam—the
trade center of the Western world. Unlike most cities at this time, Jews here were not con-
fined to a ghetto and were well respected by many of their Christian neighbors. The words
in the title of this play, New Jerusalem: The Interrogation of Baruch de Spinoza, refer to the
idea, voiced early in the play by one of the city’s regents, that Amsterdam was a God-given
homeland for Jews and Christians alike. Considering the Inquisition was still ongoing in other
European countries, and that Jews living elsewhere faced murder, torture and mass conver-
sions, the argument for Amsterdam as a true haven for Jews was valid.
However, their freedom was tightly circumscribed. Jews were excluded from nearly all of the
trade guilds, from owning shops, and from holding public office. They were also forbidden
from proselytizing their religion, while at the same time ordered to keep strict observance
of their own orthodoxy. It is this community, still in its infancy and still very vulnerable, that
took up the case of Baruch de Spinoza, charging him with atheism and dissemination of
heresies.
This event would be the first of many trials for the young philosopher. His ideas eventually
spread around the world. In leading universities and religious institutions, Spinoza was tried
and condemned in absentia as a monster and heretic. When his magnum opus, Ethics, was
finally sent to a publisher shortly following his death, Catholic priests, Protestant ministers
and Jewish rabbis banded together in a failed attempted to discover who had possession of
the manuscript and stop it from seeing the light of day.
And they had good reason to put a stop to Spinoza. His philosophy deconstructed the foun-
dations of the Jewish and Christian faiths. He presented a reality that allowed for morality
and goodness to exist in a world without divinity, laying the groundwork for what modern
thinkers recognize as secular humanism. But before Spinoza had to argue his ideas to the
world, he had to defend them to the Portuguese Jews of Amsterdam—a confrontation that
has been brilliantly dramatized by David Ives in New Jerusalem: The Interrogation of Baruch
de Spinoza.
Still, David Ives has not written a history play. The Spinoza that is put forth here is a modern
man—possessing dry wit and irony and a sense of the gravity of the moment. Through the
course of two hours he lays out a system of living—peppered with wonderful moments of
discovery along the way—that history shows was not complete until just before Spinoza’s
death. And the trial taking place on stage is not just the trial of Spinoza. Within the heart
and mind of Rabbi Mortera, who is forced to choose between the flawless reasoning of his
beloved pupil and the tenets of his faith, Ives presents the clash between religion and reason
in the modern world.
With characters that feel contemporary and words that ring relevant and true, this play dra-
matizes an argument that has continued to play out over the last four hundred years, and
proves that the interrogation of Baruch de Spinoza remains unfinished.
4
About Spinoza
The Philosophy of Baruch de Spinoza
(in four clauses or less)
IF it is true that in the beginning there was God and
nothing else.
THEN there was no Substance for God to create the
universe out of other than the Substance of Himself.
Sunday, July 4 at 5:15pm: Interfaith Discussions on Spinoza: The First in Our Series of
Perspectives Interfaith Dialogues led by Rabbi Tamara Miller
Sunday, July 11 at 5:15pm: A Discussion with members of the Washington Spinoza Society
Thursday, July 15 at 9:45pm: Spinoza’s God: A Discussion with Daniel Spiro, Coordinator of
the Washington Spinoza Society
Sunday, July 18 at 5:15pm: Talkback with Spinoza scholars Kenneth Feigenbaum and
Sidney Bailin
Sunday, July 25 at 5:15pm: The Rehabilitation of Baruch Spinoza in Modern Jewish Culture: A
Conversation with Spinoza Scholar Daniel Schwartz
5
6
About the Artists
Eliza Bell (Rebekah Spinoza) is thrilled to be back at Theater J, where she
appeared as Shiri in The Accident. Local and regional credits include: Harvey
(Bay Theater); Charles Mee’s Snow in June (American Repertory Theater);
Donnie Darko, Trust, Three Sisters (ART Institute); A Midsummer Night’s
Dream (Lightbulb); Black Codes and Bloody China (Manhattan Theater
Source). Television: As The World Turns. Eliza has trained at Studio Magenia
Ecole de Mime in Paris and the Moscow Art Theater, and holds an MFA from
the American Repertory Theater Institute at Harvard.
Ethan Bowen (Ben Israel) is pleased to make his Theater J debut. Recent
DC credits include Detective FIx in Around the World in Eighty Days at Round
House Theater, where he was also Billy Bones and Squire Trelawney in Trea-
sure Island. Other area credits include The Olney Theater Center (Peter Pan,
Brooklyn Boy, 13 Rue de L’Amour), The Shakespeare Theatre (Antony and
Cleopatra, Julius Caesar) and Woolly Mammoth Theatre (The Faculty Room).
Regional credits include productions at The Joseph Papp Public Theater,
The Acting Company, Northern Stage, Clarence Brown Theater, St. Michaels
Playhouse. Ethan is an Associate Artist with Vermont Stage Company where
he has performed for the last 15 years, most recently Louis de’Rougemont in Shipwrecked!,
and Elliot in Opus. He received his MFA from New York University and splits his time between
DC and Vermont where he lives with his wife Courtney and dog Otis.
Lauren Culpepper (Clara) Most recently appeared at the Folger Theatre
and the Two River Theater in Orestes: A Tragic Romp. New York credits
include The Dinner Party at Lincoln Center Institute and A Midsummer
Night’s Dream. Her regional credits include Dream Machines, Peril on the
Red Planet, Trojan Women and Two Gentlemen of Verona. She is a proud
company member of No Rules Theatre. Ms. Culpepper holds her BFA from
the University of North Carolina School of the Arts.
Brandon McCoy (Simon) is proud to make his Theater J debut. Originally
from Huntington, WV, Brandon holds a BFA in Acting from Marshall Uni-
versity and an MFA in Acting from Catholic University. He has appeared at
numerous area theatres and festivals including Rep Stage, Forum Theatre,
Olney Theatre Center, Arena Stage, The Bay Theatre, Journeyman Theater
Ensemble, Washington Shakespeare Company, and Theatre Alliance. He is
also a professor of acting at Catholic University and Howard Community
College, as well as an accomplished stand-up comedian and musician.
Lawrence Redmond (Valkenburgh) welcomes the chance to join this com-
pany of artists. He was last seen at Theatre J as Samuel/Uriah in David in
Shadow and Light, as well as Jaime Sabartés in Ariel Dorfman’s Picasso’s
Closet, as Emil Goldfus in Jules Feiffer’s A Bad Friend, and as Ben Charney
in Ari Roth’s Life in Refusal. Other efforts this season included Alfred
Morris in Permanent Collection at Round House Theatre and Dimas in
Triumph of Love at Olney Theatre Center. An Affiliate Artist at Arena Stage,
Redmond is a born and bred Washingtonian, a 2010 Artist Fellowship Grantee from the DC
Commission on the Arts and Humanities, and a two-time recipient, and multiple nominee of
the Helen Hayes Award.
Alexandar Strain (Spinoza) has performed at Theater J in The Rise and fall
of Annie Hall, Honey Brown Eyes and Pangs of the Messiah (Helen Hayes
nomination - Supporting Actor) and The Seagull on 16th Street. Other perfor-
mances include Angels in America (Forum Theatre); In the Heart of America,
Bach at Leipzig (Rep Stage), My Name is Asher Lev, Lord of the Flies (Round
House Theatre), Caligula, Medea (Washington Shakespeare Company), The
Monument, Gross Indecency (Theater Alliance), The School for Scandal (Ev-
eryman Theatre), Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead (LongAcre Lea
7
About the Artists cont.
Productions, Helen Hayes nomination - Ensemble). In Washington, DC he has directed Marisol
(Forum Theatre), Life’s A Dream (Journeymen Theater Ensemble), Peace (Washington Shake-
speare Company—World Premiere). He is a graduate of New York University’s Tisch School of
the Arts where he studied at the Stella Adler Studio of Acting. He is a recipient of the 2007
Boomerang Fund for Artists grant and lives in Washington DC with his girlfriend, Natalia.
Michael Tolaydo (Mortera) is delighted to return to Theater J. Past per-
formances include The Accident, Benedictus, The Pangs of the Messiah
and numerous stage readings including Seven Jewish Children with Forum
Theatre. He recently performed in Heroes at Metro Stage (Helen Hayes
Award for Ensemble Acting). Other performances include a one person tell-
ing of St. Mark’s Gospel at Theatre Alliance, the National Cathedral, and at
St. Mary’s College of Maryland; Blue/Orange at Theater Alliance; Heartbreak
House and Treasure Island at The Roundhouse. Michael has appeared at
The Studio Theatre in Uncle Vanya, Privates on Parade, Blue Heart, and Waiting for Godot. He
has appeared on Broadway in A Moon for the Misbegotten, Kingdoms, Dirty Linen/New Found
Land, The Robber Bridegroom, The Time of Your Life, The Three Sisters, and in Edward II. Past
appearances at the Folger have included Sterling in The Clandestine Marriage, Macbeth, Pros-
pero, Lord Capulet, and Shylock. Michael is a professor of Theater, Film, and Media Studies at
St. Mary’s College of Maryland and was the first recipient of the Steven Muller Distinguished
Professorship in the Arts.
David Ives (Playwright) was born in Chicago and educated at Northwestern
University and Yale School of Drama. A former Guggenheim Foundation
Fellow in playwriting, he is probably best known for his evenings of one-act
comedies. His short plays are collected in two anthologies, All In The Timing
(Vintage) and Time Flies (Grove). His full-length theatre works are available
in Polish Joke and Other Plays (Grove). He is also the author of two young-
adult novels, Monsieur Eek and Scrib. Most recently, he wrote Venus In
Furs, adapted Corneille’s The Liar and translated Georges Feydeau’s classic
French farce A Flea In Her Ear which won a Jefferson Award for Best Adaptation and a Prince
Prize for New Work. He lives in New York City.
Kathleen Geldard (Costume Designer) Theater J: Speed the Plow, Spring Forward/ Fall Back,
Bal Masque, The Disputation, A Bad Friend. DC Area: Signature Theatre: Sycamore Trees
(World Premiere), Sweeney Todd, I Am My Own Wife, Show Boat, See What I Wanna See, Les
Miserables, The Lieutenant of Inishmore, The Happy Time. Woolly Mammoth Theatre Company:
Eclipsed. Round House Theatre: Permanent Collection, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Eury-
dice, Orson’s Shadow, Life x 3. Imagination Stage: The Dancing Princesses, Heidi, The Never-
ending Story (2008 Helen Hayes Nomination), Twice Upon a Time, The Hundred Dresses, Huck
Finn’s Story, Charlotte’s Web, Liang and the Magic Paintbrush. Olney Theatre: Is He Dead?,
Rabbit Hole, Of Mice and Men, Elephant Man, Having Our Say. Her work has also been send at
Studio-Arena Theatre, Vineyard Playhouse, Folger Theatre, Studio Theatre 2ndStage, Everyman
Theatre, Rep Stage, and Theater Alliance. DANCE: Liz Lerman Dance Exchange: Nocturnes, The
Farthest Earth From Thee, 613 Radical Acts of Prayer, Funny Uncles, Imprints on a Landscape:
The Mining Project, Still Crossing 2006. AWARDS: nominated for 3 Greater Baltimore Theatre
Awards; recipient for The Seagull at Rep Stage.
Matt Nielson (Sound Designer) is returning for his fourth production at Theater J. Past pro-
ductions include Honey Brown Eyes, The Rise and Fall of Annie Hall, and In Darfur. He is the
Resident Sound Designer at Round House Theatre, where his design and composition credits
include Around the World in 80 Days, My Name is Asher Lev, Treasure Island and A Prayer for
Owen Meany (Helen Hayes Award). Other designs include Catalyst Theatre (Helen Hayes Award,
1984), Woolly Mammoth, Signature Theatre, Olney Theatre Center, Kennedy Center for the Per-
forming Arts, Rorschach Theatre, Delaware Theatre Company, Philadelphia Theatre Company,
Barrington Stage, The Contemporary American Theatre Festival, the Smithsonian Institution
and Adventure Theatre. Off-Broadway credits include the Joseph Papp Public Theatre/New
York Shakespeare Festival. He is a founding member of audio theatre company The Audible
Group and creator of the audio series Troublesome Gap. Samples can be heard online at some-
randomsound.com.
Stephen Spotswood (Dramaturg) has been the literary assistant at Theater J since fall 2008.
He previously dramaturged the staged reading of Caryl Churchhill’s Seven Jewish Children.
Trained as a playwright and journalist, he received his MFA in Playwriting from the Catholic Uni-
versity of America in May 2009. Previously produced plays include: Eulogy (Imagination Stage),
Miranda is Morning (2009 Mark Twain Prize for Comic Playwriting); The Aaronsville Woman
(2007 Paula Vogel Award); Born Normal; Gilgamesh, who saw the deep; and Give Unto Caesar
9
About the Artists cont.
(Catholic University Religious One Acts Festival winner). His play, 7 Lessons on Suicide, will
premiere at Capital Fringe this summer, and his plays The Resurrectionist King and A Creation
Story for Naomi will be read at the Kennedy Center’s Page to Stage Festival in the fall.
HannaH J. Crowell (Properties) recently designed props for The Four of Us, Zero Hour and The
Rise and Fall of Annie Hall at Theater J and was the scenic and props designer for In Darfur.
HannaH has also designed props for Miss Nelson Is Missing (Imagination Stage) and Other
Room (VSA Arts). She primarily works as a scene designer in the Washington DC area. Local
credits include Ain’t Misbehavin (Olney Theatre Center), Seascape (The American Century The-
ater), The Receptionist (Studio 2nd Stage), Holes and If You Give A Mouse A Cookie (Adventure
Theatre), All’s Well That Ends Well, House of Yes and Kafka’s Dick (Washington Shakespeare
Company). Upcoming projects include Forever Plaid (Olney Theatre Center) and Locomotion
(Kennedy Center Theater for Young Audiences). Hannah received her BFA from North Caro-
lina School of the Arts and is currently a graduate student at the Corcoran College of Art and
Design for Museum Exhibition Design.
Roy A. Gross (Production Stage Manager) has worked as a producer, production manager,
stage manager, and writer in the DC metro area for ten years. A proud member of Actors’ Eq-
uity Association, he serves as a member of the DC/Baltimore AEA Liaison Committee and the
regional campaign coordinator for Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS. Roy had the privilege of
stage managing Tribute Productions’ Beyond Glory, bringing the piece to the US Military around
the world as part of Operation Homecoming, a program jointly sponsored by the National En-
dowment for the Arts and the Department of Defense. Roy is the recipient of a US Army South-
ern European Task Force Scroll of Appreciation, US Army 282nd Base Support Battalion Scroll
of Appreciation, and a League of Washington Theatres Offstage Honor Award. Currently Roy is
the Executive Director of Artists’ Bloc, an organization that presents the developing performing
art work of over 40 creating artists each year.
Ari Roth (Artistic Director) is enjoying his 13th season as Artistic Director at Theater J where
he has produced 90 full productions, including 30 world premieres. Also a playwright, Mr. Roth
has seen his work produced at Theater J and across the country, where productions include
Goodnight Irene, Life In Refusal, Love & Yearning in the Not-for-Profits, Oh, The Innocents, and
a repertory production of Born Guilty, based on the book by Peter Sichrovsky, and its sequel,
The Wolf in Peter (coming to Epic Theatre Ensemble in New York in the 2010-11 season). His
plays have been nominated for five Helen Hayes Awards, including Best Resident Production
and two Charles A. MacArthur Awards. He is a 1998 and 2003 recipient of a NEA playwriting
grant, three-time winner of the Helen Eisner Award, two-time winner of the Avery Hopwood,
four-time recipient of commissions from the National Foundation for Jewish Culture and recipi-
ent of the Mertyl Wreath Award from Hadassah. He was recently named one of the Forward
50, recognizing those “who are leading the American Jewish community into the 21st century.”
Theater J Staff
Artistic Director Ari Roth
Managing Director Patricia Jenson
Production Manager Delia Taylor
Director of Marketing and Communications Grace Overbeke
Marketing & Group Sales Associate Becky Peters
Director of Literary & Public Programs Shirley Serotsky
Director of Patron Services Tara Brady
Casting Director Naomi Robin
Technical Director/Master Carpenter Tom Howley
MCCA Associate Technical Director Daniel Risner
Construction & Load-in Crew Ellen Houseknecht, Kevin Laughon, Van Pham and Meaghan Toohey
Front of House Raha Behnam, Bonnie Berger, Jeremy Brown, Elizabeth Heir, Katherine McCann & Hadiya Rice
For Theater J staff bios, visit theaterj.org. 10
Friends Of Theater J
Theater J is, at its core, a playwrights’ theater and as such, we have named our giving levels in honor
of Jewish playwrights and two of their director/producers. We gratefully acknowledge the follow-
ing generous donors who have given since July 1, 2009 towards our 2010 fiscal year. We ask our
many long-time supporters and new friends of the theater to join them in underwriting this exciting
season. (This list is current as of May 8, 2010.)
Executive Producing Faye & Jack Moskowitz Sholom Asch Admirer
Show Sponsor Al Munzer & Joel Wind ($350 - $499)
($25,000 and above) Diane & Arnold Polinger Richard Arndt
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($1,000 - $1,499)
($10,000 - $14,999)
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($7,500 - $9,999)
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Saul Stern*
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($5,000 - $7,499)
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Myrna Fawcett Beverly & Harlan Sherwat
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Beverly Walcoff
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11 Diane Abelman Wattenberg
Friends Of Theater J cont.
In memory of Marjory Hecht Watson Renee Gier Thomas Merrick
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THE CHOSEN
By Chaim Potok
Adapted by Aaron Posner
March 7–27 PHOTOGRAPH 51
By Anna Ziegler
March 23–April 24
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