Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
52 99 1 SM
52 99 1 SM
$EUDFW7KHPLGZLIHLVVRPHRQHZKRKDVIROORZHGWKHPLGZLIHHGXFDWLRQSURJUDPWKDWLVUHFRJQL]HG
LQWKHFRXQWU\KDVJUDGXDWHGIURPWKHHGXFDWLRQDQGTXDOLHGWREHUHJLHUHGRUKDYHDYDOLGOLFHQVH
WRSUDFWLFHPLGZLIHU\DQGFDQEHSODFHGRQWKHXQLWWKHJRYHUQPHQWKHDOWKXQLWV2QHIRUPRIWKHPDLQ
VHUYLFHVSURYLGHGE\PLGZLYHVLV1RUPDO'HOLYHU\&DUH$31$31LPSOHPHQWDWLRQFDQQRWEHVHSDUDWHG
IURPWKHXVHRIPHGLFDOGHYLFHVWKDWSRWHQWLDOO\GLVHDVHWUDQVPLVVLRQ*LYHQWKHKLJKULVNRIKHDOWKSUREOHPV
LQKRVSLWDOVHVSHFLDOO\PLGZLYHVWKHUHVKRXOGEHHRUWVWRSUHYHQWWKHRFFXUUHQFHRIGLVHDVHVFDXVHG
E\WKHZRUNLQJHQYLURQPHQW2QHRIWKHPLVWKHXVHRISHUVRQDOSURWHFWLYHHTXLSPHQW6XPDPXU
7\SHRITXDOLWDWLYHREVHUYDWLRQDOUHVHDUFKZLWKFURVVVHFWLRQDODSSURDFK7KHGDWDXVHGLVWKHUHVXOWRI
LQGHSWKLQWHUYLHZVWRNH\LQIRUPDQWVDQGWULDQJXODWLRQ.H\LQIRUPDQWVPLGZLYHVLQKRVSLWDOV9.VSDFH
6XNRKDUMRLQIRUPDQWWULDQJXODWLRQDPRQJRWKHUV&KLHI0HGLFDO2FHURIWKHGLULFW6XNRKDUMR'LUHFWRU
RI+RVSLWDO'LULFW6XNRKDUMRDQG&KDLUPDQRIWKH.DE,%,6XNRKDUMR7KHXVHRI33(LQGHOLYHULHVLQ
WKH GLULFW KRVSLWDOV 6XNRKDUMR LQXHQFHG E\ IDFWRUV WKDW DUH V\QHUJLLF FRPPXQLFDWLRQ UHVRXUFHV
GLVSRVLWLRQDWWLWXGHH[HFXWRUPLGZLIHDQGDEXUHDXFUDWLFUXFWXUH7KHVXFFHVVRIWKHSURJUDPWKH
XVHRISHUVRQDOSURWHFWLYHHTXLSPHQWFDQEHDFKLHYHGE\LQYROYLQJDOOSDUWLHVFRQFHUQHG
.H\ZRUGV$QDO\VLV'HOLYHU\$VVLDQFH3HUVRQDO3URWHFWLRQ(TXLSPHQW
$EUDN %LGDQ DGDODK VHVHRUDQJ \DQJ WHODK PHQJLNXWL SURJUDP SHQGLGLNDQ ELGDQ \DQJ GLDNXL GL
QHJDUDQ\D WHODK OXOXV GDUL SHQGLGLNDQ WHUVHEXW VHUWD PHPHQXKL NXDOLNDVL XQWXN GLGDIWDU GDQ DWDX
PHPLOLNL L]LQ \DQJ VDK XQWXN PHODNXNDQ SUDNWLN ELGDQ GDQ GDSDW GLWHPSDWNDQ SDGD XQLW XQLW NHUMD
SHPHULQWDKELGDQJNHVHKDWDQ6DODKVDWXEHQWXNSHOD\DQDQXWDPD\DQJGLEHULNDQROHKELGDQDGDODK
$VXKDQ3HUVDOLQDQ1RUPDO$31SHODNVDQDDQ$31MXJDWLGDNWHUOHSDVGDULSHQJJXQDDQDODWNHVHKDWDQ
\DQJEHUSRWHQVLWHUMDGLSHQXODUDQSHQ\DNLW0HOLKDWWLQJJLQ\DUHVLNRWHUKDGDSJDQJJXDQNHVHKDWDQGL
5XPDK6DNLWNKXVXVQ\DELGDQPDNDSHUOXGLODNXNDQXSD\DSHQFHJDKDQWHUKDGDSNHMDGLDQSHQ\DNLW
DNLEDWOLQJNXQJDQNHUMD6DODKVDWXGLDQWDUDQ\DDGDODKSHQJJXQDDQDODWSHUOLQGXQJDQGLUL6XPDPXU
-HQLV SHQHOLWLDQ LQL REVHUYDVLRQDO NXDOLWDWLI GHQJDQ SHQGHNDWDQ FURVV VHFWLRQDO 'DWD \DQJ
GLJXQDNDQPHUXSDNDQKDVLOZDZDQFDUDPHQGDODPNHSDGDLQIRUPDQXWDPDGDQWULDQJXODVL,QIRUPDQ
XWDPD\DLWXELGDQGLUXDQJ9.568'6XNRKDUMRLQIRUPDQWULDQJXODVLDQWDUDODLQ.HSDOD'LQDV.HVHKDWDQ
.DE6XNRKDUMR'LUHNWXU568'.DE6XNRKDUMRGDQ.HWXD,%,.DE6XNRKDUMR3HQJJXQDDQ$3'SDGD
SHUWRORQJDQSHUVDOLQDQGL568'.DE6XNRKDUMRGLSHQJDUXKLROHKIDNWRU\DQJVLQHUJLV\DLWXNRPXQLNDVL
VXPEHUGD\DGLVSRVLVLVLNDSSHODNVDQDELGDQGDQUXNWXUELURNUDVL.HEHUKDVLODQSURJUDPSHQJJXQDDQ
DODWSHUOLQGXQJDQGLULGDSDWGLFDSDLGHQJDQPHOLEDWNDQVHOXUXKSLKDN\DQJWHUNDLW
Kata kunci : $QDOLVLV3HUWRORQJDQ3HUVDOLQDQ$ODW3HUOLQGXQJDQ'LUL
I. PENDAHULUAN 0HQMHODVNDQWHQWDQJDVSHNNRPXQLNDVL\DQJ
6DODK VDWX EHQWXN SHOD\DQDQ XWDPD \DQJ GLODNXNDQ ROHK 568' .DEXSDWHQ 6XNRKDUMR
3HUVDOLQDQ 1RUPDO GDSDW GLJXQDNDQ VHEDJDL WHQWDQJ GLVSRVLVLVLNDS GDUL SHODNVDQD GDODP
DQGDUW SHUVDOLQDQ QRUPDO SDGD ELGDQELGDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ DODW SHUOLQGXQJDQ GLUL GL 568'
'HSNHV5, UXNWXUELURNUDVLGL568'.DEXSDWHQ6XNRKDUMR
NHFHODNDDQGDQPHPSHQJDUXKLNHVHKDWDQNHUMD WHNQLVGDSDWPHQJXUDQJLWLQJNDWNHSDUDKDQGDUL
\DQJ PHPSHQJDUXKL NHVHKDWDQ NHUMD GL 5XPDK +LUDUNL SHQJHQGDOLDQ EDKD\D GL WHPSDW
6DNLWDWDXSXVNHVPDVDQWDUODLQIDNWRUOLQJNXQJDQ NHUMD KLUDUNL KD]DUG FRQWURO DWDX SHQJHQGDOLDQ
VHSHUWLSDSDUDQUDGLDVLGDULDODWNHVHKDWDQ\DQJ EDKD\DPHQXUXW(HQGLDGDODKVHEDJDL
GLJXQDNDQ NHFHODNDDQ NHUMD DNLEDW GLVIXQJVL EHULNXW (OLPLQDWLRQ PHUXSDNDQ XSD\D
DODW \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ SDSDUDQ EDKDQ EDKDQ PHQJKLODQJNDQ EDKD\D GDUL VXPEHUQ\D
NLPLDVHUWDIDNWRUNLPLDQ\D\DLWXNHODODLDQGDODP 5HGXFWLRQ PHQJXSD\DNDQ DJDU WLQJNDW EDKD\D
EHNHUMDSHQJJXQDDQDODWDODWPHGLV\DQJWLGDN ELVD GLNXUDQJL (QJLQHHULQJ FRQWURO DUWLQ\D
GLHULONDQ WHUOHELK GDKXOX VHUWD DNLEDW WLGDN EDKD\D GLLVRODVL DJDU WLGDN NRQWDN GHQJDQ
PHQJJXQDNDQDODWSHOLQGXQJGLUL+DV\LP SHNHUMD$GPLQLUDWLYHFRQWURODUWLQ\DEDKD\D
NHGXD GLWHPXLQ\D NDVXV +,9 $,'6 VH (NV NHUMD DWDX SHQMDGXDODQ NHUMD XQWXN PHQJXUDQJL
VDPSDL$JXXVGLGDSDWNDQNDVXV+,9 HTXLSPHQWDUWLQ\DSHNHUMDGLOLQGXQJLGDULEDKD\D
'DUL SHQJLGDS +,9 $,'6 GLDQWDUDQ\D 6\DUDWV\DUDW$ODW 3HOLQGXQJ 'LUL DGDODK
VXGDK PHQLQJJDO 'LQDV .HVHKDWDQ .DEXSDWHQ D$3' KDUXV GDSDW PHPEHULNDQ SHUOLQGXQJDQ
6XNRKDUMR \DQJDGHNXDWWHUKDGDSEDKD\D\DQJVSHVLNDWDX
SHUOLQGXQJDQGLULROHKELGDQVHODPDSHUWRORQJDQ WLGDNPHQ\HEDENDQUDVDNHWLGDNQ\DPDQDQ\DQJ
SHUVDOLQDQ GL 568' .DEXSDWHQ 6XNRKDUMR EHUOHELKDQ F$ODW KDUXV GDSDW GLSDNDL VHFDUD
6HGDQJNDQ WXMXDQ XWDPD WHUVHEXW GLEDJL HNVLEHO G %HQWXNQ\D KDUXV FXNXS PHQDULN
PHQMDGL EHEHUDSD WXMXDQ ULQFLDQ DQWDUD ODLQ H$ODW SHOLQGXQJ WDKDQ XQWXN SHPDNDLDQ \DQJ
ODPDI$ODWWLGDNPHQLPEXONDQEDKD\DEDKD\D
UXPDK VDNLW VHEDJDL SHPEXDW NHSXWXVDQ 6WDI DGDODK VXPEHU GD\D XWDPD GDODP
WHODK PHODNXNDQ NRPXQLNDVL GDODP EHQWXN LPSOHPHQWDVL NHELMDNDQ .HJDJDODQ \DQJ
VRVLDOLVDVLROHKWLP33,GDQWLP,126GDODP VHULQJWHUMDGLGDODPLPSOHPHQWDVLNHELMDNDQ
EHQWXNSHUWHPXDQUXWLQVHWLDSEXODQVHNDOL salahVDWXQ\DGLVHEDENDQROHKDISHJDZDL
GDQSHODWLKDQ7LP33,GDQ7LP,126DGDODK \DQJ WLGDN FXNXS PHPDGDL PHQFXNXSL
EDJLDQ \DQJ EHUWDQJJXQJMDZDE WHUKDGDS DWDXSXQ WLGDN NRPSHWHQ GDODP ELGDQJQ\D
SURJUDPSHQFHJDKDQLQIHNVLGL5XPDK6DNLW $JXLQR 'DODP KDO LQL 568'
6XNRKDUMR WLGDN PHPLOLNL NHQGDOD NDUHQD
. H E L M D N D Q V H E X D K S U R J U D P K D U X V
EHUGDVDUNDQ KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQ D DWDX
GLNRPXQLNDVLNDQ GDQ GLVRVLDOLVDVLNDQ
SHJDZDL \DQJ DGD GL UXDQJ EHUVDOLQ GDODP
NHSDGD VHPXD SHODNVDQD SURJUDP VDPSDL
KDOLQLDGDODKELGDQFXNXSPHPHQXKLVHFDUD
GHQJDQ NHORPSRN VDVDUDQ 'DODP KDO LQL
NXDQWLWDV\DLWXEHUMXPODKRUDQJVHEDJLDQ
SHODNVDQD SURJUDP DGDODK GRNWHU ELGDQ
EHVDU EHUODWDUEHODNDQJ SHQGLGLNDQ DKOL
GDQ SHUDZDW \DQJ PHPEHULNDQ SHOD\DQDQ PDG\DNHELGDQDQGDQVHEDJLDQODLQQ\DDGD
GL 568' 6XNRKDUMR 6HGDSDW PXQJNLQ MXJD\DQJVHGDQJPHODQMXWNDQSHQGLGLNDQNH
NHVDODKDQLQIRUPDVLGDSDWGLWHNDQVHKLQJJD MHQMDQJVDUMDQD
SHODNVDQD SURJUDP PHQJHWDKXL SURJUDP
6HODLQDIDVLOLWDVPHUXSDNDQIDNWRUSHQWLQJ
\DQJGLODNVDQDNDQ
GDODPLPSOHPHQWDVLNHELMDNDQ,PSOHPHQWRU
2. Ketersediaan Sumber Daya
PXQJNLQ PHPSXQ\DL DI \DQJ PHQFXNXSL
6\DUDW EHUMDODQQ\D VXDWX RUJDQLVDVL NDSDEHOGDQNRPSHWHQWHWDSLWDQSDDGDQ\D
DGDODK NHSHPLOLNDQ WHUKDGDS VXPEHUGD\D IDVLOLWDVSHQGXNXQJVDUDQDGDQSUDVDUDQD
UHVRXUFHV6XPEHUGD\DGLSRVLVLNDQVHEDJDL PDNDLPSOHPHQWDVLNHELMDNDQWHUVHEXWWLGDN
LQSXWGDODPRUJDQLVDVLVHEDJDLVXDWXVLHP DNDQEHUKDVLO$JXLQR
\DQJ PHPSXQ\DL LPSOLNDVL \DQJ EHUVLIDW
)DVLOLWDV\DQJSHQXOLVPDNVXGGLVLQLPHOLSXWL
HNRQRPLVGDQWHNQRORJLV6HFDUDHNRQRPLV
NHOHQJNDSDQ DODW 623 GDQ VXPEHU GDQD
VXPEHU GD\D EHUWDOLDQ GHQJDQ ELD\D DWDX
%HUGDVDUNDQ KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQ NHWHUVHGLDDQ
SHQJRUEDQDQ ODQJVXQJ \DQJ GLNHOXDUNDQ
EDUDQJ GDQ SHUOHQJNDSDQ $3' GL 5XDQJ
ROHKRUJDQLVDVL\DQJPHUHHNVLNDQQLODLDWDX EHUVDOLQ FXNXS PHPDGDL GDODP DUWL WHODK
NHJXQDDQ SRWHQVLDO GDODP WUDQVIRUPDVLQ\D VHVXDL GHQJDQ MXPODK ELGDQ \DQJ DGD
NHGDODPRXWSXW6HGDQJVHFDUDWHNQRORJLV 8QWXN 623 WLP 33, WHODK PHQ\XVXQ
VXPEHUGD\D EHUWDOLDQ GHQJDQ NHPDPSXDQ 623 SHQFHJDKDQ LQIHNVL QDPXQ EHOXP
WUDQVIRUPDVLGDULRUJDQLVDVL7DFKMDQ VHFDUD NKXVXV PHQ\XVXQ 623 PHQJHQDL
0HQXUXW (GZDUG ,,, GDODP$JXLQR SHQJJXQDDQ $3' QDPXQ SDGD VHWLDS
VXPEHUGD\D PHUXSDNDQ KDO SHQWLQJ GDODP WLQGDNDQ SHUWRORQJDQ SHUVDOLQDQ ELGDQ GL
UXDQJ EHUVDOLQ WHODK PHQHUDSNDQ SULQVLS
LPSOHPHQWDVLNHELMDNDQ\DQJEDLN,QGLNDWRU
SHQFHJDKDQ LQIHNVL WHUPDVXN SHQJJXQDDQ
\DQJGLJXQDNDQXQWXNPHOLKDWVHMDXKPDQD
$3' VHVXDL \DQJ DGD GL GDODP $VXKDQ
VXPEHUGD\D PHPSHQJDUXKL LPSOHPHQWDVL
3HUVDOLQDQ 1RUPDO $31 'DODP KDO
NHELMDNDQ GLDQWDUDQ\D ELVD GLOLKDW GDUL D
SHQGDQDDQWLGDNGLWHPXNDQNHQGDODVXPEHU
GDQIDVLOLWDV\DQJDGD
GDQDPDVXNNHGDODPDQJJDUDQ%/8
3HQFDSDLDQWXMXDQNHELMDNDQKDUXVGLGXNXQJ FDUDPHQJDFXKNDQPHQXQGDGDQWLQGDNDQ
ROHK NHWHUVHGLDDQ IDVLOLWDV VDUDQD GDQ SHQJKDPEDWDQODLQQ\D
SUDVDUDQD7DQSDVDUDQDGDQSUDVDUDQDPDND
0HQXUXWSHQGDSDW9DQ0HWWHUGDQ9DQ+RUQ
WXJDV SHNHUMDDQ WLGDN GDSDW GLVHOHVDLNDQ
GDODP$JXLQXV 6LNDS SHQHULPDDQ
VHEDJDLPDQD VHKDUXVQ\D SHNHUMDDQ WLGDN
DWDXSHQRODNDQGDULDJHQSHODNVDQDNHELMDNDQ
PXQJNLQ GDSDW GLODNXNDQ .HWHUVHGLDDQ
VDQJDW PHPSHQJDUXKL NHEHUKDVLODQ DWDX
VDUDQDSUDVDUDQDPHUXSDNDQIDNWRUSHQHQWX
NHJDJDODQLPSOHPHQWDVLNHELMDNDQSXEOLN+DO
NLQHUMD VHEXDK NHELMDNDQ ,PSOHPHQWRU
LQLVDQJDWPXQJNLQWHUMDGLNDUHQDNHELMDNDQ
KDUXV PHQGDSDWNDQ VXPEHUVXPEHU \DQJ
\DQJGLODNVDQDNDQEXNDQODKKDVLOIRUPXODVL
GLEXWXKNDQ DJDU SURJUDP EHUMDODQ ODQFDU
ZDUJD VHWHPSDW \DQJ PHQJHQDO EHWXO
6HNDOLSXQ NHELMDNDQ PHPLOLNL WXMXDQ GDQ
SHUPDVDODKDQ GDQ SHUVRDODQ \DQJ PHUHND
VDVDUDQ\DQJMHODVMLNDWDQSDVXPEHUGD\D
UDVDNDQ 7HWDSL NHELMDNDQ SXEOLN ELDVDQ\D
\DQJPHPDGDLPDNDNHELMDNDQKDQ\DWLQJJDO
EHUVLIDW WRS GRZQ \DQJ VDQJDW PXQJNLQ
GLNHUWDVGRNXPHQVDMD
SDUDSHQJDPELONHSXWXVDQWLGDNPHQJHWDKXL
3. Disposisi / Sikap Pelaksana (Bidan) dalam EDKNDQ WDN PDPSX PHQ\HQWXK NHEXWXKDQ
penggunaan APD
NHLQJLQDQ DWDX SHUPDVDODKDQ \DQJ KDUXV
0HQXUXW (GZDUG GDODP :LQDUQR GLVHOHVDLNDQ
PHQJHPXNDNDQ NHFHQGHUXQJDQ
6HPXD ELGDQ GL UXDQJ EHUVDOLQ PHUHVSRQ
NHFHQGHUXQJDQ DWDX GLVSRVLVL PHUXSDNDQ
SRVLWLIPHQJHQDLNHELMDNDQSHQJJXQDDQ$3'
V D O D K V D W X I D N W R U \ D Q J P H P S X Q \ D L
GDQ EHUNHLQJLQDQ DJDU NHELMDNDQ WHUVHEXW
NRQVHNXHQVL SHQWLQJ EDJL LPSOHPHQWDVL
WHWDS EHUMDODQ GL 5XPDK 6DNLW QDPXQ KDO
NHELMDNDQ\DQJHIHNWLI-LNDSDUDSHODNVDQD
WHUVHEXWSHUOXGLGXNXQJROHKIDNWRU\DQJODLQ
PHPSXQ\DL NHFHQGHUXQJDQ DWDX VLNDS
VHSHUWL NHWHUVHGLDDQ VXPEHU GD\D VDUDQD
SRVLWLI DWDX DGDQ\D GXNXQJDQ WHUKDGDS
SUDVDUDQD\DQJPHPDGDLGDQLQVHQWLI\DQJ
LPSOHPHQWDVL NHELMDNDQ PDND WHUGDSDW
sesuai.
NHPXQJNLQDQ \DQJ EHVDU LPSOHPHQWDVL
NHELMDNDQ DNDQ WHUODNVDQD VHVXDL GHQJDQ 6DODK VDWX IDNWRU \DQJ PHPSHQJDUXKL
NHSXWXVDQ DZDO 'HPLNLDQ VHEDOLNQ\D MLND HIHNWLWDV LPSOHPHQWDVL NHELMDNDQ DGDODK
SDUDSHODNVDQDEHUVLNDSQHJDWLIDWDXPHQRODN VLNDS LPSOHPHQWRU -LND LPSOHPHWRU VHWXMX
WHUKDGDS LPSOHPHQWDVL NHELMDNDQ NDUHQD GHQJDQ EDJLDQEDJLDQ LVL GDUL NHELMDNDQ
NRQLN NHSHQWLQJDQ PDND LPSOHPHQWDVL PDND PHUHND DNDQ PHODNVDQDNDQ GHQJDQ
NHELMDNDQ DNDQ PHQJKDGDSL NHQGDOD \DQJ VHQDQJ KDWL WHWDSL MLND SDQGDQJDQ PHUHND
serius. EHUEHGD GHQJDQ SHPEXDW NHELMDNDQ PDND
SURVHVLPSOHPHQWDVLDNDQPHQJDODPLEDQ\DN
%HQWXNSHQRODNDQGDSDWEHUPDFDPPDFDP
PDVDODK
VHSHUWL \DQJ GLNHPXNDNDQ (GZDUG
WHQWDQJ ]RQD NHWLGDNDFXKDQ GLPDQD SDUD 3HQHULPDDQ WHUKDGDS XNXUDQXNXUDQ
SHODNVDQD NHELMDNDQ PHODOXL NHOHOXDVDDQ\D GDVDU GDQ WXMXDQWXMXDQ NHELMDNDQ ROHK
SHPHULQWDKWHWDSLMXJDDGDGDODPRUJDQLVDVL PHQMDGLSULRULWDVSURJUDPSHQHPSDWDQSHODNVDQD
GHQJDQRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJPHQGXNXQJSURJUDP
RUJDQLVDVL VZDD LQLWXVL SHQGLGLNDQ GDQ
PHPSHUKDWLNDQ NHVHLPEDQJDQ GDHUDK DJDPD
VHEDJDLQ\D %DKNDQ GDODP NDVXVNDVXV
VXNX MHQLV NHODPLQ GDQ NDUDNWHULLN GHPRJUD
WHUWHQWX ELURNUDVL GLFLSWDNDQ KDQ\D XQWXN
\DQJODLQ'LVDPSLQJLWXSHQ\HGLDDQGDQD\DQJ
PHQMDODQNDQ VXDWX NHELMDNDQ WHUWHQWX
FXNXS JXQD PHPEHULNDQ LQVHQWLI EDJL SDUD
,PSOHPHQWDVL NHELMDNDQ \DQJ EHUVLIDW
SHODNVDQD SURJUDP DJDU PHUHND PHQGXNXQJ
NRPSOHNV PHQXQWXW DGDQ\D NHUMDVDPD
GDQ EHNHUMD VHFDUD WRWDO GDODP PHODNVDQDNDQ
EDQ\DN SLKDN .HWLND UXNXU ELURNUDVL WLGDN
NHELMDNDQSURJUDP
NRQGXVLI WHUKDGDS LPSOHPHQWDVL VXDWX
.HJDJDODQ SURJUDP VHULQJNDOL GLWHPXL NDUHQD
NHELMDNDQPDNDKDOLQLDNDQPHQ\HEDENDQ
P D V L K N X U D Q J Q \ D S H P E L Q D D Q V H K L Q J J D
NHWLGDNHIHNWLIDQ GDQ PHQJKDPEDW MDODQ\D
SHODNVDQDDQWLGDNVHVXDLGHQJDQNHWHQWXDQ
SHODNVDQDDQNHELMDNDQVHODLQLWXNHJDJDODQ
SURJUDP VHULQJNDOL GLWHPXL NDUHQD PDVLK
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
NXUDQJQ\DSHPELQDDQVHKLQJJDSHODNVDQDDQ
$JXLQR/HR3ROLWLN .HELMDNDQ3XEOLN
WLGDNVHVXDLGHQJDQNHWHQWXDQ(GZDUGV,,,
%DQGXQJ$,3,%DQGXQJ
GDODP:LQDUQR+DPEDWDQGDULV\HP
ELURNUDVL PDPSX GLDWDVL 568' 6XNRKDUMR $QZDU $ GDQ 3HUZLWDVDUL ' 7LQJNDW
GHQJDQVDQJDWEDLN+DOWHUVHEXWGLODNXNDQ UHVLNR SHPDNDLDQ $3' GDQ +LJLHQH
GHQJDQFDUDPHODNXNDQVXSHUYLVLROHK7LP 3HWXJDV /DERUDWRULXP .OLQLN 5683
33, GDQ ,126 UXWLQ VHWLDS VDWX GDQ GXD &LSWRPDQJXQNXVXPR -DNDUWD. Jurnal
EXODQ VHNDOL +DVLO GDUL VXSHUYLVL NHPXGLDQ (NRORJL .HVHKDWDQ 9ROXPH 1R $SULO
GLDQDOLVLVGDQGLMDGLNDQEDKDQHYDOXDVLXQWXN 2006
SHODNVDQDDQSURJUDPVHODQMXWQ\D
'HSNHV 5, %XNX DFXDQ $31 -13..5
%HUGDVDUNDQ SHQMHODVDQ GL DWDV PDND -DNDUWD
PHPDKDPL UXNWXU ELURNUDVL PHUXSDNDQ
(GZDUG,,,*HRUJH&8QGHUDQGLQJ3XEOLF
IDNWRU \DQJ IXQGDPHQWDO XQWXN PHQJNDML
3ROLF\1HZ-HUVH\3UDQWLFH+DOO
LPSOHPHQWDVLNHELMDNDQSXEOLN
'HSNHV5,.HSXWXVDQ0HQWHUL.HVHKDWDQ
5HSXEOLN,QGRQHVLD1RPRU0(1.(6
6.,,,WHQWDQJ6WDQGDUW3URIHVL%LGDQ
-DNDUWD
1RSULDGL$.XVQDQWR%(YDOXDVL3URJUDP
3HQJHQGDOLDQ,QIHNVL1RVRNRPLDO7HUKDGDS
3HWXJDV GL 5XDQJ 5DZDW ,QDS 568 3.8
0XKDPPDGL\DK<RJ\DNDUWD. Jurnal Sains
.HVHKDWDQ9ROXPH;9,,+
6XPDPXU.HVHKDWDQ.HUMD-DNDUWD:LG\D
0HGLND