ANIMAL CELL glycocalyx The first structure we find, without having to enter the

cell, is known as glycocalyx. It can be likened to a "knitwear", which protects

the cell from agessões physical and chemical properties of the external environ
ment. But also keep an adequate microenvironment around each cell, because it re
tains nutrients and enzymes into the cell. The glycocalyx is composed mainly by
carbohydrates and is present in most animal cells.
Plasma Membrane Plasma membrane is a thin and fragile film composed mainly of ph
ospholipids and proteins. She has important functions in the cell, and one of th
em is to isolate the cell from external environment. Its size is so small that t
he cell was increased to the size of an orange, the membrane would be thinner th
an a sheet of tissue paper. Water, nutrients and oxygen gas are able to enter ea
sily through the membrane, which allows the output of carbon dioxide and waste p
roduced within the cell. The membrane is able to draw useful substances and hind
er the entry of undesirable substances. Thus exerting a strict control in transi
t across the boundaries of the cell. It is common to compare it to a "gate" for
his office and a plastic bag by his appearance. Cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton is a c
omplex interconnected network of thin tubes. These tubes, which are formed by a
protein called tubolina are continually forming and dissolving. Other components
of the cytoskeleton wires are formed by keratin, forming the so-called intermed
iate filaments. Finally there are the so-called microfilaments, composed of acti
n. Its functions are: to organize internally, shape and perform movements of the
cell.
After crossing the cytoplasm Plasma Membrane, plunged into the most volumossa ce
ll: the cytoplasm. It is the space between the membrane and the nucleus. Its sha
pe is not defined and it is where are handbags, channels membranous, cytoplasmic
organelles that perform specific functions in cells and a gelatinous fluid call
ed Nucleoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum-The maze intracellular Our first visit in t
he cytoplasm is the Endoplasmic Reticulum. It is a system of pipes and channels
that can he distinguished himself in two types: rough and smooth. Despite being
of different types they are linked. This complex system is comparable to a netwo
rk of pipelines, which carries substances manufactured by the cell. Golgi appara
tus (or Golgi) The Golgi apparatus (whose name is a tribute to the scientist who
discovered it, Camillo Golgi) is a set of flattened membranous bags and stacked
like dishes. And these cells, called dictyosomes, are found in the cytoplasm ne
ar the nucleus. The complex is extruded responsible for storage, processing, pac
kaging and "deployment" of substances produced in the cell. Therefore is respons
ible for the export of the cell. It is common to compare it to a post office, be
cause both have similar functions. This process of elimination of substances is
called cell secretion. Virtually all body cells synthesize and export a large qu
antity of proteins that act outside the cell. Lysosomes - Recycling Waste cells
have cytoplasm, dozens of bags full of enzymes that can digest various organic s
ubstances. Originating in the golgi complex, lysosomes exist in almost all anima
l cells. Enzymes are produced in the RER, then are trasferimento for dictyosome
of the Golgi complex. There are identifiers and sent to a special region of the
complex and eventually be packaged and released as lysosomes.
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They are the organelles responsible for the digestion of the cell (the so-called
intracellular digestion). In a sense, they can be compared to small intracellul
ar stomachs. Furthermore, lysosomes have throttling to help in the process of au
tophagy. Can also be compared to recycling centers, or even cutting it shares di
gest cellular aging and worn, so reusing the substances that compose them. Mitoc
hondria-powerhouses of the cell phones All activities consume energy. In support
, the cells are endowed with real power plants: the mitochondria. The rods are s
mall membranous miticôndrias (lipoprotein), floating within the citoplaasma.Den
tro them there are a complex chemical machinery, capable of releasing the energy
contained in food that the cell absorve.Isso happens as follows: the nutritive
substances penetrate the mitochondria, where they react with oxygen gas in a pro
cess comparable to the burning of a fuel. This reaction is called cellular respi
ration.From there it is produced energy as ATP Finally, The Core Center, the bra
in cell. It is he who possesses all the genetic information, controls and manage
s the entire cell. Inside, is located an acid called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
. This, consisting of a double helix of nucleotides (formed by a sugar molecule
bound to a molecule of phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base. DNA is responsibl
e for any characteristic of being alive. It is he who commands make proteins, de
termines how the cell etc.. In humans, DNA is far from what color will the eyes,
the size of the feet etc.. The core is composed of a nuclear membrane, chromati
n and nucleoli. The nuclear membrane is a type of plasma membrane composed of tw
o membrane lipoprotein. This membrane has many pores on its surface. These are c
omposed of a complex protein structure that acts as a valve that chooses substan
ce that should enter and who must leave. Chromatin is a set of wires made of a l
ong DNA molecule associated with histone molecules called chromosomes.'s where s
ome of the information are stored. Finally, the nucleolus is a dense body redeon
do comprising protÍnas, RNA and some DNA. It's inside him that forms the riboso
mes, present throughout the cell. Now you know all the components of a cell.
Plant Cell
Cell Wall
The cell wall is a unique component of plant cell. It is done from a long and st
rong cellulose microfibrils. They stay together through a matrix made up of glyc
oproteins (proteins linked to sugars), hemicellulose and pectin (polysaccharide)
. The membrane skeleton cellulose (cell wall) is formed by two walls: the primar
y and secondary. The first is present in célulad younger, being thin, flexible
(enabling cell growth). The second is formed only after completion of cell growt
h. This, thicker and more rigid, is secreted through the membrane is deposited p
lasmtica between this and the inner surface of the primary wall. Plasma Membrane
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Plasma membrane is a thin and fragile film composed mainly of phospholipids and
proteins. She has important functions in the cell, and one of them is to isolate
the cell from external environment. Its size is so small that the cell was incr
eased to the size of an orange, the membrane would be thinner than a sheet of ti
ssue paper. Water, nutrients and oxygen gas are able to enter easily through the
membrane, which allows the output of carbon dioxide and waste produced within t
he cell. The membrane is able to draw useful substances and hinder the entry of
undesirable substances. Thus exerting a strict control in transit across the bou
ndaries of the cell. It is common to compare it to a "gate" for his office and a
plastic bag by his appearance.
Cytoplasm
After crossing the plasma membrane, plunged into the most volumossa cell: the cy
toplasm. It is the space between the membrane and the nucleus. Its shape is not
defined and it is where are handbags, channels membranous, cytoplasmic organelle
s that perform specific functions in cells and a gelatinous fluid called Nucleop
lasm. Nucleoplasm
It Nucleoplasm occurring in most chemical reactions of the cell and also the sto
rage of energy for the cell. Its concentration in the cytoplasm varies between e
ctoplasm and Endoplasma. Endoplasmic Reticulum-The maze intracellular
Our first visit in the cytoplasm is the Endoplasmic Reticulum. It is a system of
pipes and channels that can he distinguished himself in two types: rough and sm
ooth. Despite being of different types they are linked. This complex system is c
omparable to a network of pipelines, which carries substances manufactured by th
e cell. Golgi apparatus (or Golgi)
The Golgi apparatus (whose name is a tribute to the scientist who discovered it,
Camillo Golgi) is a set of flattened membranous bags and stacked like dishes. A
nd these cells, called dictyosomes, are found in the cytoplasm near the nucleus.
The complex is extruded responsible for storage, processing, packaging and "dep
loyment" of substances produced in the cell. Therefore is responsible for the ex
port of the cell. It is common to compare it to a post office, because both have
similar functions. This process of elimination of substances is called cell sec
retion. Virtually all body cells synthesize and export a large quantity of prote
ins that act outside the cell. Lysosomes - Waste Recycling
The cells have cytoplasm,€dozens of bags full of enzymes that can digest variou
s organic substances. Originating in the golgi complex, lysosomes exist in almos
t all animal cells. Enzymes are produced in the RER, then are trasferimento for
dictyosome of the Golgi complex. There are
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identifiers and sent to a special region of the complex and eventually be packag
ed and released as lysosomes. They are the organelles responsible for the digest
ion of the cell (the so-called intracellular In a sense, they can be compared to
small intracellular stomachs. In addition, lysosomes have throttling to help in
the process of autofagiav. They can also be compared to recycling centers, or e
ven cutting it shares digest cellular aging and worn, so reusing the substances
that compose them. Mitochondria-houses under the cell
All cellular activities consume energy. In support, the cells are endowed with r
eal power plants: the mitochondria. The rods are small membranous miticôndrias
(lipoprotein), floating within the citoplaasma.Dentro them there are a complex c
hemical machinery, capable of releasing the energy contained in food that the ce
ll absorve.Isso happens as follows: the nutritive substances penetrate the mitoc
hondria, where they react with oxygen gas in a process comparable to the burning
of a fuel. This reaction is called respiration celular.Apartir there is produce
d energy as ATP Finally, The Center
Nucleus, the brain cell. It is he who possesses all the genetic information, con
trols and manages the entire cell. Inside, is located an acid called DNA (deoxyr
ibonucleic acid). This, consisting of a double helix of nucleotides (formed by a
sugar molecule bound to a molecule of phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base. D
NA is responsible for any characteristic of being alive. It is he who commands m
ake proteins, determines how the cell etc.. In humans, DNA is far from what colo
r will the eyes, the size of the feet etc.. The core is composed of a nuclear me
mbrane, chromatin and nucleoli. The nuclear membrane is a type of plasma membran
e composed of two membrane lipoprotein. This membrane has many pores on its surf
ace. These are composed of a complex protein structure that acts as a valve that
chooses substance that should enter and who must leave. Chromatin is a set of w
ires formed by a long DNA molecule associated with histone molecules called chro
mosomes.'s where some of the information are stored. Finally, the nucleolus is a
dense body redeondo comprising protÍnas, RNA and some DNA. It's inside him tha
t forms the ribosomes, present across the cell
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