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9. Assuming that the day shift is from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., the swing shift is from 4:00 p.m. to
midnight, and the night shift is from midnight to 8:00 a.m., which of the following shift-rotation
schedules would be MOST beneficial to workers?
a. day shift to swing shift to night shift
b. day shift to night shift to swing shift
c. swing shift to day shift to night shift
d. night shift to swing shift to day shift
10. How have researchers explained evidence that the internal clock operates on a 25-hour cycle?
a. the effect is related to the 3-day lunar cycle
b. it is just an artifact of allowing people to use alarm clock to start their day
c. body temperature moves the cycle from 24 to 25 hours
d. none of the above
11. _____ is a hormone released by the pineal gland that induces sleepiness
a. Melanopsin
b. Adenosine
c. Melatonin
d. Hypocretin
14. Which of the following cycle lengths would be considered an ultradian rhythm?
a. 24-hour
b. hour
c. 48-hour
d. 36-hour
15. The basic rest and activity cycle
a. is a circadian rhythm
b. is a 60-minute cycle that occurs throughout the day
c. shows up in a 90-minute daydreaming cycle
d. is controlled by temperature
17. An EEG pattern showing low-amplitude, high-frequency (13-30 Hz) waves characterizes
a. alertness
b. relaxation
c. light sleep
d. slow-wave sleep
21. Dreams
a. occur only during REM sleep
b. are more vivid in slow-wave sleep
c. have no personal meaning
d. probably occur in all people
22. Someone who is deprived of REM sleep will
a. spend more time in REM and slow-wave sleep when allowed to sleep without
interruption
b. develop temporary narcolepsy or cataplexy
c. come to understand the symbolic contents of her dreams
d. spend more time in REM sleep when allowed to sleep without interruptions
24. Infants spend about ____% of their total sleep time in REM sleep
a. 10
b. 50
c. 20
d. 75
28. Which of the following mammals does not experience REM sleep?
a. elephant
b. whale
c. echidna
d. feline
29. Which of the following hypotheses suggests that inappropriate neural connections are
discarded during REM sleep?
a. neural development
b. leaning
c. reverse learning
d. activation synthesis
35. Which of the following statements about the arousal systems of the brain is NOT true?
a. one arousal pathway originates in the pons and produces acetylcholine
b. one arousal pathway activates the cortex by the release of norepinephrine from the locus
coeruleus
c. cells in the raph that release dopamine are part of the arousal system
d. histamine from the tuberomammillary nucleus activates the cortex
36. Neurons in the lateral hypothalamus release ____ to stabilize the sleep and waking system
a. serotonin
b. orexin
c. histamine
d. acetylcholine
37. PGO waves
a. travel from the pons to the thalamus and on to the cortex
b. begin about 80 seconds before the start of a REM period
c. initiate the desynchrony of REM sleep
d. all of the above
40. Sleepwalking
a. occurs during slow-wave sleep
b. may have a genetic basis
c. is most common during childhood
d. all of the above
43. All of the following are components that most researchers agree are part of consciousness
EXCEPT:
a. attention
b. personality
c. sense of self
d. awareness
44. Which of the following is evidence of learning without awareness?
a. recognizing that our unconscious mind is capable of motivating our behavior
b. following a coachs instructions for hitting a ball with a bat
c. using proprioceptive information to sit erect and walk
d. reading instructions for assembling a computer prior to putting it together
46. Attention
a. is the same as awareness
b. is a concept rather than a physiological process
c. is a reflection of changes in brain activity
d. all of the above
52. Which of the following statements regarding dissociative identity disorder is FALSE?
a. it is not included in the APAs Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
b. it was formerly called multiple personality disorder
c. it is believed to result from childhood abuse or trauma
d. individuals exhibit different physiological patterns when manifesting different identities
53. In which of the following conditions is default mode network activity most likely to be
normal?
a. coma
b. locked-in syndrome
c. minimally conscious state
d. vegetative state
54. A single center of consciousness may not exist, but the ____ has been proposed to be an
executive area that coordinates all of the areas involved in consciousness
a. thalamus
b. anterior cingulate cortex
c. claustrum
d. all of the above
BOOK
2. The bodys own rhythm, when the person is isolated from light, is
a. approximately 24 hr long
b. approximately 25 hr long
c. approximately 28 hr long
d. unclear because of conflicting studies
3. Jim is totally blind, but he follows a 24-hr day-night cycle like the rest of us and seems
comfortably adapted to it. Animal studies suggest that he relies on
a. a built-in rhythm in his SCN
b. nonvisual receptors in his eyes
c. clocks and social activity
d. a and b
e. b and c
8. Cataplexy is
a. sleep without an REM component
b. a waking experience of atonia
c. a more severe form of narcolepsy
d. clinically significant insomnia