Académique Documents
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determine continuity/ohms: if voltaQe:
is present. it will auTomatically
changemodes 10measure At. orDC
volls. whichever is cetectea For most
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Vol. 63 No. 9
The555
BUILD THIS AVersal ile
T im er
COMPUTERS
53 N O T W ORK ING TO NETWORKIN G
Basic and advanced equipme nt for troubleshooting local-area
netw orks.
Gary Mc Cle llan
TECHNOLOGY
58 THE 555 , A VERSA T ILE TI MER
PAGE 79
Learn how to use t he 555 in practic al timer applica tions.
Ray M . M a r ston
2
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VIDEO NEWS
Whats new in the fast-chang ing video industry.
DAVID LACHENBRUCH
Fla t panels for HDTV . There's Canon scientists believe t hat Hugh es-JVC projection
still no substitute for the CRT when there is no theoretical limit to the pact. Hughes Aircraft. which has
it comes to large-screen resolution. size of FELC O screens. FELCD mao manufactu red multi-million dollar
but that doesn't mean that de - tenet differs from act ive ma trix LCO video projec tors for the Pentagon,
velopers around the world aren 't stili transistors in that it's bistable-it is gearing up for civilian production.
trying to find that elusive giant pic- can on ly be sw itched off or on . Hughes has been seeking a con -
ture on the wall for HDTV. Two Once swi tched on, an FELCO mole - sumer-electrcntca partner to de-
promising developments recen tly cule remains on until turned off, and velop a cons umer ve rs io n of its
surfaced in Japan. vice versa . That would make it ide - liquid-crystal lightvalve (LC LV) proj-
Flat plasma display. The pres- ally suited to digital TV transmission ection sys tem . It finally found that
tigious Japan Broadcasting Corpo- if the problem of color rendition and part ne r in Japa n's J V C . Hoqhes-
ratio n (N HK). Japan's public-televi- gray scale coul d be solved. Canon JVC Technology Co rp., 60% owned
sion broadcast er. recently held an says it has done this by calling on its by Hughes and 40 % by JVC, will
impressive progress-repo rt demon- work in black-and-white and color develop consumer and commercial
st ration of a thin glass sandwich printers. vers io ns of LCLV projectors . The
HOTV plasma display panel that it Canon says that it will start mak- system combines a htqh-resoluncn
says could be commercialized as ing computer monitors using the CAT for image generation with sep -
soon as 1997. The system is being FELCO material next year, moving arate LCD panels and an external
developed as a joint effort wi th Mat to color in 1994 . The company al- light source to provide a very bright
sushita (Panasonic). NEG. Okl Elec- ready has displayed a st ill color picture with high resolution. It is a
tric . and Dal Nippon Printing . Texas screen with nearly HDTV resolu - candidate for future giant-screen
Instruments has a contract to de tion-four time s better than com - HD TV projection sets.
velop semiconductors for the sys- puter VGA color C AT monitors . The This fall, Hughes-JV C will market
te rn. N HK is now demonstrating a planned 15 inch computer display professional models al ready de -
working model HOTV display panel has a resolution of 1280 x 1024 pix- veloped by Hughes . pri ced from
wi th a 16:9 widescreen aspect ratio. els , and the proposed 16;9 HDTV $8000 to more than a million dol-
the model is three inches thick and display is scheduled to have 1920 lar s ; consume r versions will cost
weighs less than 18 pounds . pixels in each of 1152 horizontal from $ 2000 to $ 7000. JVC will
NHK concedes that there's more lines . manufacture consumer projectors
work to do , but th inks th e answers and key components in Japan. and
to the re maining probl em s are in Widescre en sets In the U.S. w ill d is t r ibute LC LV p roj ect o rs
sight. The screen has 1344 display Tho m son Consumer Elect ro nic s wo rldwide t hroug h its sales net -
cell s horizon tally and 800 vertically, conti nues to dole out information wor k. Hughes said that HOTV reso-
for a resolution of 1,0 75 ,000 pixels. about its wide screen 16:9 aspect lution has been achieved w ith LC LV
but it still falls sho rt of the neces- ratio TV se ts just a litt le at a time. proje ctors , and 35mmfilm resolu -
sary brightness and life for a con- The first se ts, due out late this year t ion is t he next target it w ill be
sumer display. The final version w ill under the RCA and PreSc an labels, shooti ng for.
have smaller cell size . NHK is prom - w ill have 34 -inch picture tubes made
ising to show a 55-inch wo rking pro- in Thomso n's tube plant in Italy. The 8mm video decks he re. The
totype next year. company is shooting for a price of success of the 8mm video format in
Ferroelectric LCD . W ork ing wit h $ 4000-$5000 for the first sets, camcorders must be foll owed by
a techn ology that others have re- less than the price tags for Thom- decks for showing and editing home
jected . Canon of Ja pan beli eves son wrdescree n sets that are al- videos . Sony was the only source
that it has foun d the solution to the ready available in Europe. Howeve r; 8m m decks, but two others have
need for giant thin colo r screens Thomson plans to start manufactur- appeared. The compact decks wi th
wi th no flicker and with a wide drs- ing widescreen tubes in the U .S . in hi-f stereo sound . whi ch carry the
play angle for digital HOTV. Whi le 1994 . and its goal for that time is a RCA and Samsung brand names .
others work wi th the frustratingly 34inch widescreen set at about the are expected to sell for about $ 499.
difficult proble ms of ac tive matrix price of todeys 35-inch standard as- They're both made by Korea's Sam-
LCO 's , Canon has chose n to sam - pect ration (4 :3> sets, which now sung. In th e future is a dual-well
ble o n ferroelectric LCO (FELCD>. a start at less than $2000. In addition 8mmNHS dec k to transfer 8mm
technology known since 19 74 . c eo- to the 3 4 -inc h d trec t -vre w set, videos to VHS cassettes and for
on is already planning to bu ild sev- Thomson plans to offe r w idescreen editing ho me videos. Go-V ideo has
eral plants to mas s-produce con- projection sets in larger sizes begin- already show n a prototyp e mode l.
sumer HDTV panels. ning next year. du e next year. R -E
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LETTERS
Write to Leiters, Electronics Now, 500-B Bi-County Blvd., Farmingdale. NY 11735
SOLI D-STATE RELAY UPDATE current flow is caused by a small The product requires no w iring in
Regarding the article. " So lid- poten tial differ ence in the neutral any vehicle . be it a bus. truck , or
State Re la y " (R a d i o - El e c - con ducto r wi ring in a building's 120 - automo bile , and operat es with a
t ron ic s , May 1992) . a very impor- volt ci rcuits . time delay. A 2SQO.Hz beep is gen-
tant feature is the zero -cu rre nt There is help for this type of hum erated after a fixed -time delay and is
switc h-off characte ris tic inherent in problem. Radio Shack has a stereo repeated at this same delay for as
the triac . ground-loop isolato r, No. 270 -054 . long as the tum-Signal swi tch is on.
The interruptio n of the circuit at w hich is a patch cord wi th two audio For example , when th e tum -signal
the instant the current is zero avoids isol ati o n trans fo rmers incl ud ed . swi tc h is selecte d to indicat e a tu m ,
voltage spikes that could be pro- Th o se t ra ns fo rm e rs b rea k the 45 seconds later if the sel ec tor
duced by the stored ene rgy (El in groun d-loop circ uit. t hereby stop- swi tch is still on. a 2S00- Hz beep is
the di stributed induc tanc e o f t he ping the curren t flow that causes the emitt ed. The beep is repeated 45
power line and leakage inductance hum. seconds later. and w ill kee p occur-
of the mains <line) transformer (LJ if The ground loop isolator is listed ring at 45-sec ond intervals for as
the current is suddenly interrupted on page 60 of Radio Shack 's 1992 long as the tum Signal remains on.
at a non -zero value. as occ urs wi th catalog in th e automotive section. It The time delay can be desiq ned for
mechani cal co ntact breakers . A s can be used in line-level circuits of any value . M ost cu stomers will like-
we know. E = 'h U 2 . At the instant any audio equipment. I have suc- Iy prefer a GO-se c on d de lay. but
the current cross es zero , the sto red cessfu lly used this device in audio there wi ll be 3D-sec ond and 45-sec -
energy is also zero. component hookups. ond delays available. or any othe r
These voltage tran sients , w hich JACK P. SONNEMAN that the mark et might desire . Two
are caused by swi tching heavy cur- Fayetteville. OH volumes of sound are selectable by
rents, are oft en the reason for failure a slide swi tch.
of electronic equipmen t connected ROSICRUCIANS, ALIVE AND WELL The prod uct is simply installed in
to the same line. The solrd-atate re- I am wri ting in response to the any vehicle in less than two min-
lay prevents such damage. it e m in A s k R-E (Ra d io -Ele c - utes. and win be available from my
LEO BATISTA tronic s , June 1992 ) abou t FM an- company for less than $20 starting
Professor of B ectric Au tomation tennas that use household wiri ng. in Dece mber 1992.
University of Sao Paulo Pe rhaps t hey have d isap peared. ALBERT P. GREGORY
Sao Paulo. Brazil wh ich is fine by me. but Rosicru- A.G. Techno/ogies
cia ns (A M O RC ) have n' t. I sub- 27211 Ef Pica Lane
A REAL HUM-DINGER scribe to Radio-Electronics and Sun City. CA 92486
I appreciated the response to the have done so for quite so me time . I
GO-h ertz hu m qu e st ion that ap- am also a member of th e Rosicru - TURN-SIGNAL AMPLIFIER
peared in Ask R-E in the J une issue cian O rder. A M O RC . and have been In April's A sk R-E. your respon se
of Ra d io-Electron ics . I had the a member for just as long . if not to W. Baker's request for a tum sig-
same problem wi th my speake r sys- longer. nal amplifier- to purcha se and add
tem . I took you r advice. and my Until the time comes when I no a chime---is expensive and gives an
problems were solved . Thanks ! longer receive the valued informa- undesirable indication . The "chime"
JEFF FAUSCEUA t ion that I do from both Radio- is not something most people want
Kirtland. OH Electronics and AMORC , I will be to hear every time their tum-sig nal
affiliated w ith both. Your quest ion s lamps fl ash . Here are two oth e r
ANOTHER HUM STOPPER are we lcome . pract ical solution s.
I enjoy re adi ng Ask R-E each CHARLES R. BAILEY Wagner Lighting nQIN markets a
mont h. The GO-hertz hum probl em 2123 Grand St. N.E. fully solid-state, two-te rminal auto-
desc ribed in the J une issue could Minneapolis, MN 55418 motive flasher. On e spe cific ati o n
be caus ed by a ground loop. When that has bee n an iss ue since the
co mpone nts of a stereo system TURN-SIGNAL AMPUAER project started is the audio ou tput.
that are conn ec ted by patc h cords Regard ing the request from W. since there is no bimetallic blade o r
receive their power from different Baker in Ask R-E (Ra d io -Ele c - relay to make the sound. An audio
120-volt receptacles, a ground loop tronics . Ap ril 1992) for a tum -sig- transducer was added to generat e
can be formed by a small amou nt of na l amp lifi er. I have de sign ed a the familiar click that driver s associ-
alternati ng curren t flowing in the simple. low-co st device that is in- ate w ith flashers.
16 shield of a shielded patch co rd. That tend ed to solve that problem. Because a solid-state flasher re-
The DMM our
customers desi~ed.~ ~
Before we built the new generation Bec kman The Heckman Industrial Series 2000, priced
lndusrial Series 2000 D:lIMs, we asked people from $209to $279 offers you the best perfor-
like you what you n,(lf~v want. rnance for your dolar. lm k againat these features:
You want more. More rest and measurement 4 Digit, 10,000Count Resolution
capabilities. More troubleshooting features. All Basic Accuracy to 0.1%
in an sffordablc h and-held mL\1. TIle Series 2<XlO True R..\ IS, (\C or AC on DC
features the widest rJoge Freq ue ncy Counter in 0.01 0 Resolutio n
any professional D.\1~ 1, a full-ra nge Capacitance Automatic RC".lding lIold
~1t.1er. True It\lS mea surements . lntermiuent 1ms Peak Hold
Detection. 5On.<; Pulse Detection. and Peak Fully Autoranging Relative and ~l in Max Modes
~leasurl'J1lcnl capabilities. Pluss. the $(:rK.'S 2000 lntemunen t Detector
is the only meter to offer autorangmg :"lini~bx L'L1244, IEClO lO Design
recording and relative modes. Three Year \\arr:lOt)'
You want a D~L\I that's easier (0 use . The 11'e Seres 2o:X) offl'r.> tbc most soIulicm for}'OOT
Series 20(Xrs display is 2;% larger. with bigger l...l'f)day test and measurement needs. The only
digits and backlighting for easier reading, even D.\ l\ls designed b)' the people who use them. You.
in the worst light. Plus the fast .} digit display Formoreinfomution on these new mL\ls
provides the high resolution needed for adicsing call (outside CA) 1-800-8;4-2708or N
J X)Wl'f su pplies and generators down to l mv,
And only the Series 2000 features a menuing
system for fa st, simple feature access.
!Jade in the USA
(inside CA) l-ooJ-2279781. Beckman
lndustnal Corporation. 3883 RufflO Rd..
San Diego, CA 92123-1898. ---
BI
Becklnan Indu5tri ar
A n Allili a/e of Emerson Electric Co .
CIRCLE $8 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
quires an external audio transducer. TIMOTHY W. BROOKS safety in the form of redesigned car
Wagner's new flasher has inco rpo- Senior Design Engineer bodie s, safety restraints , air bags,
rated an att ention ten er that beeps Wagner Lighting safety glass, anti-lock brake s, and
for eigh t flash es aft er a delay of Sevierville, TN making sure that we crash-proof
about three minutes . Beeps alert this and that.
the driver that his tum signal flasher TV AND X RAYS I agree that we must not hamper
has been left on. Because this flash- I' m writing in regard to the item the electronics industry, but at the
er has two terminals, it can replace about TV and X-rays that appeared same time, I believe that we must do
any existing automo tive tum -signal in Vi deo N ews <R a d i o - E l e c - more to safeguard people against
flasher. t ron ics, J une 1992). I'm aware that radiation, which is both invisible and
Another ~ to get the driver's the changes in mo de rn -day TV harmful.
atte ntion is by making the click loud - sets- including solid-state circuitry DONALD HANG
er. A capaci tor in serie s with a and redesign ed shielded CRT's- North Canton, OH
speaker across the load and batt ery probably make th em safer to be
terminal of the flasher will create a near than ever. SNOOPER STOPPER
click at every lamp on/off transition. How ever, I' m also aware that SUGGESTION
Whe n the flasher turns the lamps many manufac tu rers de sign their The art icle " The Snooper Stop-
on, a volt aqe spike will dissipate products very close to the product per" (R a d i o -Ele c t r o n i c s. April
through the speaker and create a safety guidelines as a matter of cost 1992) was very interesting. But if a
" click." The same thing will happen containment. Many individuals, in- person is only interested in protect-
when the flasher tums the lamps off. cluding office worke rs, children who ing his cable box from the bullet and
The larger the capacitor and speak- play video game s, and students 10 signal. then why not use an FM-
er, the louder the click . A value of 47 may spend con sidera ble time in trap. which is available from Radio
microfarads works welt wit h a 1~ close proximity to CRT's-either in Shack <Cat. No. 15-577J for$3.69?
inch speaker: TV sets orcomputer terminals.That That would save about $2 0 com-
I' v e enj o ye d R a d io -El e c - doesn't even take into account the pared to the cost of your project.
tro nic s for years and use it to keep increasing time that many children and it needs no adjusting.
my design and pracncel skills up to spend watching TV. MATT STANTON
date. Keep up the good work . In the auto industry. we are buying Shrewsbury. MA RE
Chicken
Noodle
(Ul
~ S OVP~
If you're in the market forgreat test and measurement gear. here's somefood for thought:Tekmakes abunch of it
All with thesame enduringquality that madeourscopes famous, Weeven havecatalogs so youcan order these
M
included two impo rtant safety fea-
get have never had it so LED's give a rough idea of the volt- tures here . First. both current inputs
easy-nor have they ever age level at the probes even if the are fused to protec t both the use r
had it so hard . It used to be difficult meter's battery is dead! It's a good and the meter. Second. the meter
to hnd a low-cost DM M that was feature because many DMM users will sound a warning tone if you have
full-featured and built wi th an eye are careless about replacing the the test lea ds set up fo r cu rrent
towa rd safety. These days. it's east- batt ery when the lee-battery annun- measurement while the function
er than e''er to find such meters . but ciator indicates that it's time to do switch is in a voltage -measurem ent
it's getting more difficult to choose just that. CWe assume that's be- range. That 's important because try-
from among them. The latest crop of cause they don 't know that a low ing to measure a voltage wit h the
low-cost high-quality DMM 's to hit battery can reduce a meter's ac- test lead s set for cu rren t could
the market are from Beckman in- cura cy tremendou sly. which coul d cause an excessively high current to
dustrial <Instru mentation Products result in potentially dangerous srtue- now.
Division. 3883 Ruffin Road. San Di- tio ns.r Beckman calls the feature A l o ng w i t h t he f u si ng . t he
ego . CA 9 2 123 '> Bec kman 's the "Safety Tester;" D M 10XL also provides good over-
DM /SXL. DM /OXL. and DMSXL The Safety Tester feature also load prot ection on all funct ion s and
range in price f ro m $3 4 .9 5 t o makes se nse for so meone wh o ranges . That's an important safety
$59.95. The DMtOXL, which we ex- doesn 't use a D MM reg ularly- a con sidera tio n missing from many
amined, cos ts $ 44 .95. hom e-owner. for examp le. who oc- low-cost meters.
The first thing we noticed about casionally uses a DMM whe n wo rk- The accuracy specific ations of
th e DM fOXL was its 3'hd ig it ing on a home-w iring proj ect o r the DM10XL are impre ssive for a
(2000 count) LCD readout. The wh en doing some wo rk on his car. low -co st meter. DC accuracy is
large (O.7inch) digits are very easy Even when he pulls the meter out of rated at O.7% + 1 digit : AC ac -
to read . We also noticed the meter's his tool box with a dead battery. he'll curacy at 1% + 4 digits. D C cur-
non-traditional color-a charcoal - be able to use it for besic .Jow-prect- rent is rated at :t 1% + 1 digit for
gray cabi net with green labels and sron measurement s. because the readings in the 200~ to 200 -mA
accents . Althoug h we ce rtainly Safety Tester is powered by the volt- ranges . and at :!: 2% + 3 digi ts for
wou ldn't buy a D MM because of its age being mea su red. not by the readings in the tn -amp range .
col or. the people at Beckman say D M M's battery. The lowest-eost meter in the se
they did a lot of market research Seven LED 's indicate the voltage nes . the DM5XL doe s not offer the
that led them to choose the green being measured : One yelleM' LED is Safety Tester feature and , in gener-
shade . used to indicate a negat ive voltage al. provides lower accuracy and re-
The dimen sions of the DM10XL (o r, in combination w ith ano the r duced measurement capabilit ies.
are roug hly 6 x 3 x l 1f4 inches . the LED , an AC voltage) A row of six The DM15XL also lacks the Safety
meter's face is dominated by a farge red LEO 's indicates th e voltage Test er. but adds AC curren t mea-
ro t ary functio n-s elector knob level: the levels indicated are 6 . 12. surement and a logic-probe mode .
roughly in the center. The LCD is 24. 50 . 11 0 , and 230 volts. W e were impre ssed by the con -
above the knob, and a raw of 4 input The D M M section of the meter veni ence and safety features built
jac ks is below it. Along the left front measures AC volts in two ranges: into the $ 44.95 DMto XL. W e rec-
22 ed ge is wha t we regard as the unit's (200 and 740 volts), DC voltage in ommend it highly. RE
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IVIN AT 839,
THI BlUIS CAN LAST
AloNG,sa,'loNG TlMI.
(ol1lentional.isdom il you spend less than lOllY
boos on a probe, it ."n'l be Ioog untillhe thrill isgone
But Duraprobes- stan at SJ9. I."pIO<tical~
forever. and work with almost any scope aroundso it
v.'OOl surprise us jf)OO pia. up a whole case.Afterall.
somefolks were iust born to have the blues.
Duraprobe
Brownell I Carolt on-B ates I CMI-Metenn aster I Cont act East I ENTE$T I INOTEK
ITC I Jensen Tools, Inc. I Jo seph Electron ics I Marshall Industries
Radar Electri c I R.S. Electronics I Zack Electronics 25
CIRCLE 82 ON AlEE INFOAIoIATION CARD
to 10 mm <0.39 inch) in di-
ameter. It includes a screw
connectio n for lead wires
up to 18 AW G (2.4 mmtlte
overall length IS 80.5 mm
(3.17 inches).
The Mode' 5787, 56mm
CIRCLE 21 ON fR EE
(2.20inches) long medium
IN fO RMATION CARD
clip, connects to a standard
a -mm bana na jack. The dustries, t he mechani cal
Model 5 788 miniature clip assistance of arm assem-
has a miniature banana jack bly provides a three-fold in-
and an overall length of 40 crease in production over
mm (1.57 inches). The dis- man ual pic k -and - place
posable Model 579 1 cli p. met hod s. For prot otyping
with an overall length of 53 and bat ch produ ct ion . a
mm (2.09 inches). has a board can be pasted and
button fix/ release for lead populated in one worksta-
retent ion and a sta ndard tion w hile sec ured in the
banana jack. adj u s ta ble , lockin g PC
The alligator clips are board holder. Movement is
priced from $ .98 to $3.45 minim ize d bec aus e t he
each. -ITT Pomona Elec- board remains fixed dunnq
tronics. Customer Service. both the pasting and popu-
150 0 East Nint h St reet . lating operations.
P.O . Box 2767. Pomona . The SMT-6000 is sold
C A 9 1769 : P h on e : complete with a 45 -com-
7 14 - 46 9 -2 9 0 0 : Fax : partment carousel. 12-inch
71 4-629-3317_ and 15-inch PC board held-
e rs. a self-contained vac-
INTEGRATED SURFACE uum sour ce for pick-and -
MOU NT WORKSTATION . place ope rati ons , ti me /
Manufac t urers who per- pressure controls for dis-
form paste and place sur- pensing. a hand rest, and a
face- mount component as pick/place nozzle kit. Op-
sembly in small volume can tional accessories such as
improve th eir yie lds and stick and reel component
their productivity with the feede rs, a light/magnifier,
SMT-600Opickl place! dis- interchangeable spare ca-
pense system from OK In- ro u se ls , an d a fe e d er-
dustries . mounting bracket are also
The mec ha nic ally as - available.
sis ted, solder-pas te dis - The SM T- 6000 SM T
pensi ng and com po ne nt w o rkst ation se ll s f o r
placement sys te m is de- $ 375 0 _- 0 K Indu st r i es.
signed to achieve place- Inc.. 4 Execut ive Plaza,
ment rates of up to 600 Yon ke r s, N Y 10 7 0 1:
components per hour. It in- Ph o ne : 9 14 -9 69 -6800 :
tegrates a solder-paste dis- Fax: 914-969-6650.
penser and vacuum pick-up
head onto a single arm as- TRANSDUCERPOWERSUP-
sembly. That arm can be PLY. The Model 4130 en-
moved in the XYZ-O axes capsu lated power supply
while the operato r's hand is from Calex offers adjusta-
stabilized on a movable b le vol tage o ut pu t fo r
Call toll free hand rest. powe ring tr an s du ce r s .
Needle po sitioning fo r st rain gage s. and many
800.247. 1241
paste dispensing, is said to kinds of laboratory equip-
be precise and repeatable. ment. The power supply
1939 Plaza Real 20 l umber Road BLDG. # 2 reductnq placeme nt loca- provides 4 to 15 volts DC at
OCEANSIDE. CA 9205 6 RQSlYN. NEW YORK 11576 tion error by as much as up to 159 0 milliamperes,
Phone {6 19) 6304080 Phone {5161 484-7 121
2. Telefax (516) 484-7170 67%. Acco rding to OK ln- en ough powe r for three
Telela x (61916306507
.. . . , .
.
~
..
... _
"
: - ~
,"..
'" ,
--
...... '"
."
I f y ou w a nt to learn a bo ut ele ctr o n- CIE PROVIDES YOU WITH A
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!!
;
Each of the six adapter ca-
bles in the kit accepts all
co m bi na tions o f BNC .
fo r $ 150 . -Test Prob es,
Inc . 9 178 Brown D e er
Road. San D iego , CA
nents Inc.. 292 East Hellen
Road. Palatine. lL 60067:
Phone : 708359 2790 ;
(not supplied). The price in-
cludes standard probes. al-
ligator enos. and spnnq-np
. TNC . SM A. N. UHF. M ini- 92 12 1 : Ph one : Fa" 7083598904. probe s wi th banana-plug
~ UHF. F. and RCA co n- 800 -36857 19. leads.
l'! nectars . DIFFERENTIAL OS - The ADF1S p robe i s
~ According to the manu- BRIGHT LEO LAMPS. The CILLOSCO PE PRO BE. Two pric ed at $375 .- Tesl
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5REJ 9
3.
VFX
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR
WOUL lJ YOU I.I K ~; TO C IIAN GE T il"; pos itions for each mod e . The th e maximum upshift ( + 30 5
p it ch of yo u r voi ce o r create h armoni zer vo ice effec t raises Hz ). The VFX board powers up
such spec ial a udio effects as or lowers the pitch of you r voice . In level 4 . which Is nosh tft at all.
ec ho or reve rb ? We wtll s ho w A hl~h pitch makes you sound A S H I FT button le ts yo u s tep
you how to bu ild a voice effects as If you're b reath ing heliu m. through the range of pit ch
processor (or VFX processor. for a nd a lo w p itch m a kes you shifts: after 9 the processor re-
s ho rt) that ca n ge nerate such so u nd like a baritone si nger. In turns to O. Each pitch s h ift in-
unusu a l effec ts. We'll explain th is m od e. a Single-d igit LED crement Is a pproximately 5 1Hz;
well explain why la ter.
the ba sic algori thms u sed to
perfo rm thes e DS P (digital s ig -
nal processing) tec h niques . and
read out indi ca tes th e p il ch
ch ange level; is the maximum
dow n s h ift (I~% ?re Hz) a nd 9 Is
The echo effect has a n ad -
justable delay; you ca n decrease
exa m in e the hea rt of the echo delay time by
th e VFX hardware . the pr e as l ng t he S I IIIT
Anal og De vlces- 2 105 butto n . In t h is m ode
digital signal process- the LED d is p lays a
ing m icro com pu ter. If number from 9 to 0 In-
you're on a tight bud- dtcattng a delay ti me of
get . yo u 'll a pp rec ia te 0 .63 to 0 secon ds.
that this project costs Each press of th e SH IFT
much les s tha n any button d ecrea ses the
c o m me rc ia l s l ng le - time de lay by 70 mlllt-
effect generator. s econ ds .
Before we de s cr ibe The reve rb effect Is
the details of th e hard- s im ila r to th e echo
ware a nd sortwa re . lets effect. exce pt th at the
look at what the VFX delay time Is fixed a t 78
p roces s or does . T he milliseconds a nd th e
VFX processor accepts amplitude of the feed-
audio signals. digitally back signal Is adjusta-
processes the In fonna- ble from 0.5 to 0 with
uo n In one of th ree the S IllFT button . The
u s e r-s elected modes . effect Is m ore s u b tl e
and amplifies the s ig- th an the e cho effec t
nal for lis tening wit h a a nd s im u lates t he
speaker or a pair of a co us tics o f a large
h eadphon es . All yo u room .
need bes ides the VFX Th e tes t mode helps
proces s or is a mtcro- troub les hoot th e VFX
phone. a pai r of head- board . The test mode
phones . a nd a 9-volt will b e d iscussed in
DC power sou rce-all greater detail later on.
of which are available
from the s ource given Th e b asi c c ircuit
tn the Pa rt s Lis t. As s h o w n In the
block di agram (FIg. 1),
Basic operation the VFX processor con-
The VFX b lock di - s is ts of a m icrophone
a gram Is s hown In Fig. Input circu it th at uses
I. A fou r-position DIP a Nationa l Semico n -
switch (of wh ich only A little DSP goes a long way ductor T P3054 CO-
three a re used) puts DEC {coder-decoder).
the VFX into one of in generating unusual an Ana log Devices
four operati ng modes: ADSP-2105 DSP (d i g-
h armon izer. ec ho . re- sound effects. Ita l s ignal processor ).
verb. a n d tes t. Table I a n B K x B Er HOM
s ho ws th e DIP switch CRAIG BORAX and DAVID BECK (era s eable program- 37
.. ,
....
,-
Home Remote-Control
& Automation Projects
FEATURING 77
STEP-BYSTEP
ILLUSTRATED
36 10 $26.115
PROJECTS
Second Edilion
376 5 $211.115
---
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t he Electronics Book Club ." BOOK CLUB ~~_ S"m",, " ,,,,....,, I
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AG. 1-VFX BLOCK DIAGRAM . Th e YFX has a mic roph on e input. 8 CODEC, a OSP.
EPROM. SRAM . power-supply ci rc uitry, and audi o co nditi o ning .
gor lth ms convert the a ud io s tg-
n al In th e time domain to th e
mabie rea d-only memory). two effects . The EP ROM hex code freq u en cy d om ain. a nd the n
8K x B SRAMs (stat tc- ra n dom wtll be posted on th e RE-BBS back aga in. Figu re 2 shows a n
access memo ry ). po wer-s u pply 1516- 2 9 3- 2 283. 120 0 /2 4 00 . o r iginal a u dio s ignal a n d the
c i r c uit r y. a n d a u d io co n - 8Nt). as a file cal led VFX.HEX. da ta at each stage in the process
d iti on ing. The COOEC incorpo- Lets look a t th e al go ri thms u sed as It Is s pectrum-s hifted . Figu re
rates a n input a n ti-aliasing Ill- for ea ch effec t. 2-a plots th e a udio Inpu t versus
ter, a n N O con ve r te r. a O/A tim e. Figure 2 -b s hows the fre -
convert er, a n o u tput filter. a nd Algorithms quency spectrum of the audio
co n trol ctrcu ttry T he SRAMs The ha rmon ize r s hifts the s ignal in 2-a. Figu re z-c s hows
provtde BK x I6-blt wo rd s of pitch of a n a udi o s ign al. su ch as the ortg tnal spectrum at th e top
da ta s to rage to s u pplemen t the music or speech . u p or down . a nd the up-shi fted s pectrum a t
2105's in ternal 5 12 words . The One of the most Wide ly known the bottom. Ftgure 2-d s hows
OSP ca n a ccess external memo- us es of this technique is seen In th e o riginal aud io s ignal on top
ry In 100 na nosecon ds bu t h as the novelty musical grou p. th e with the proce s sed a u d io s ig-
a n Interna l walt-stat e genera tor Ch ipm u n ks. Rec orded In the nal. which con ta ins hi ghe r-fre-
to a llow th e use of slowe r de- early 60's. the Chi pm u nks' up- q ue n cy c o m p o ne n t s . a t the
vices . The VFX proces s or h a s pi tch effect was made s imply by bo ttom.
three walt s ta tes progra m med playin g ba ck a u dio ta pes a t a The ti ming of th e algorith m of
for ex te r nal da ta mem ory ac- higher speed . Thda y. th e h ig h- th e h armon izer Is s h own in Fig.
cess , tech a pproach is to u se d igital
The VFX processor performs s tgn al processtng. THE FFT
four functions : the th eory of op- The principal a lgor ith ms pe r-
era tion for ea ch Implem ented In fo rm ed by th e DSP hardwa re for The Fourier series an d its related
translorms and algorithms are wide ly
h ardware Is Virt ually Identical. t he h armon izer a re th e fast used in electronics. The Fourier trans-
Th e software mak es th e ha rd- Fourier transform (FIT) and th e form (FT) is a mathematical method lot
wa re perform th e s e multiple In ve rs e FIT {IFFT1. Those al- converting a signal lrom the time oc-
main 10 the lrequ ency domain, or simply
TABLE 1-01P SWITCH SETIINGS a way 01 expressing a cootinuous w;ue-
lorm as a series 01 sine waves. The last
51 -a 51b S1--e si-e Fourier translorm (FFT) is an algorithm
Hannonlz er X ON ON QN enhanCed lor computer computation 01
Echo X OFF ON QN a d iscrete Fou rier transform (OFT).
Reverb X ON OFF QN which is the digi tal equivale nt 01 the
X OFF OFF QN Fourier transform. R-E
42 Test Mod e
3 . and Its b lock di agram Is
s h own in Fig. 4 . In Fig. 3. the 6
Inpu t s ign al from the m icro-
phone is s ampled at a 6.S-kHz
rate. At that rate buffer # 1 Is
filled In 19.7 millis econ ds wit h
128 samples . (That detenn ln es
the pitch resolution becau se the -6
e 20 60 eo 100 1 0 N.1
res olution in th e frequ en cy do- a
main Is the Inver s e of the sam-
pling period. or 50. 7 Hz.) The n 16
the ne xt 128 samples are stored
In bu ffer #2. (The double-throw
switc h in Fig. 4 is the re to sug-
ges t th e toggling from one bu ff-
er to the ot her.) While buffer # 2
is be ing fille d . the VFX pro-
cessor begin s the ha rm oni zin g
effect by process in g buffer # 1
through a 128-poln t FFT. then 26
comes the s hift. and then th e
IFIT. Th e entire FFTlSh iftlIFFT 20
algorithm takes a pproximately
6 milliseconds so that all pro-
cess ing Is fi nished b efore the
n ext buffer Is filled . That allows
re al- tim e p ro ces s ing with a
minima l two-bu ffer de lay of
39.3 milliseconds between the 5 10 ts 20 25 30
Nil
c
time th e mi crophon e Inpu t a r-
rives at the VFX processor and 16
whe n it is ou tput to the speaker.
The ec ho -effec t a lgorit h m
u ses a d igital impleme ntatio n of
an adj ustable-length an alog de-
lay line as s hown in Fig. 5 . The
Inp ut Signal from the micro- c
phon e is sampled at a 6.5-kHz
rate. It is the n s ummed wit h the -6
delayed s ign al received n x 455 u 20 40 60 eo 100 120
p er iod s a go (wh er e n is a d
N-'
n umber from zero to n in e as FIG. 2- HARMONIZER ALGORITHM. In ayou see the audio Input vs, ti me. b sh ows the
shown on the VFXs LED dis- frequency spect ru m of th e audio signal. c Shows the orig inal spect ru m at the lop and
play). T he delay lin e is Imple- the up-sh ift ed spect rum at the bottom. and d show s the origina l audio signal on top
me n ted in 4Ko f exte rnal SRAM. with the proce ssed audio signal at the bottom.
The software allows the adjust-
m en t of the delay from 0 .63 to 0
mill isecon ds . ACQUIRE BUffeR 11 ACOUIRE BUffER n. ACOtJIRE BUFFER 11
The reverb effect is very sim-
ilar to the echo effect (see Fig. 6)
except th at the length of the de- mocessn. I- - - - -IBUFFER
IBUFFR 'Roe'SS I 11 '---- - - -
IBUFF{R
'Roe,SS12 I'---- - - -
lay lin e is fixed at 78 millis e-
con ds. an d the reflection facto r I OUTPUT BUffER I OUTPUT BUffER n.
11 OllTPUT BUffEA 11
Is adjustable from 0 % to 50%
with the S HIFT bu tt on . The re-
flectl on fac tor dete rmines the I
u 6ms
I
19.7ms
attenu ation of the signal before
it Is stored In the delay lin e a nd FIG. 3-HARMONIZER TIMING DIAGRAM. The Input signal Is sampl ed at a 6.S-kHz rate
s imulates the reflection factor and fills buff er #1 In 19.7 milli seconds with 128 samples. The next 128 samples are
of a room . stored in butter # 2.
The tes t m ode can be u sed
during h a rdware checkout to Circuitry croprocessor; lei . has lK x24-
Isolate prob lems with your VFX T he schematic diagram for b it words of fast program mem -
board . We'll discuss how to use the VFX processor Is s hown In ory (PM)on ch ip. An on-chip os-
the tes t mode later. Fig. 7. T he ADSP-2105 DSP mt- cil lator requ ires a lO -MH z 43
AUDIO INPUT
IN~ r BUFFER
J- -
#1
CODEC
I\IJC
FFT
REAl !~ RfAL
- FfT
REAl REAl
L INPUT
BUFFER
12
BUf f ER
128
POINT
BUFFER
fREO
SpfCTR~1J
FFT SHIFT
"RO
BUfFER
FFT
IMAG
BUFFER
- IMAG
- FfT
IMAG
BUffER - IMP; -
INPUT
L[
BUFFER
#1
INPUT
LJ FfT FFT OUTPUT
r
BUFfER REAL I-- REAL I-- REAL
BUFFER
BUFFER "- AUDIO
12 BUFfER #1 OUTPUT
~
128
POINT ""0-
""
INVERSE OAC
FFT !=r
OUTPUT
-
Lr hI
FFT FfT L- OUTPUT
BUFf ER
#1 IMAG ~ IMAG IMAG BUFfER I-
BUffER BUFfER 12
FIG. 4-HARMONIZER BLOCK DIAGRAM. The doub le-th row switches Ind icate the
tog gli ng f rom one buffer to th e other. While buffer N2 ls being fi lled, the VFX proc essor
beg ins proc essing buffer # 1.
s E; a ! G5 B ~
-g,
i
~ I I I I I g 88:=. ~ ~
.-
2-- H
I 1 Hf
il - -
, -
~ :< ~ ~ : ':!l i :., , :! ; :i ~ Il: ~
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-
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u
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."
_ ~ ~ :;; ::; :g 'O; :! _ ~ ..,
'I ' .
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'I
AG . 7-VFX SCHEMATIC. The a sp microproce ssor (ICl) has 1K x 24-bit word s of fast
program memory ( PM) o n ch Ip. On power-u p. the 2105 boot s the program from the
EPROM 1C2 Into the on-board memo ry. 45
THE ADSp2105
The Analog Devices ADSP-2105 is ripheral devices and their associatedin- less than 1 watl; a powerdown mode
the engine of the VFX processor, The terrupts. There is a built-in 16bil interval reduces the power consumption to a
ADSP-2105 Is a seccod-qeneraucn dig- timer with programmable prescaler and mere 80 milliwatts.
ital signal processing (DSP) mlcroccm- interrupts. A high-speed synchronous The ADSP-2105 incorporates three
pater based on the earjer ADSP-21 00. It serial interface (SPORTl ) can interface execution units;
has significant architectural improve- to u-te w and A-law CODEC's using Barrel shifter
ments over earlie r generations (see hardware comparn:ling as 0011 as digital Arithmefic l ogic Unit (AW)
block diagram in Fig. 10). The 2105 has audio-orionted D/A and AiD converters. Multiplier Accumulator (MAC)
built-in data memory RAM (0.5K x 16 Additionally. tho serial port can connect The three units are optimized for their
bits) and program memory RAM (l K x multiple 21055 together in parallel pro- specific function, and are, therefore,
24 bits) SO it realty is a DSP microcom- cessing applications. very last, completing any instruction in
puter and not a microprocessor.Both of The ADSP-2105 also olfers high per- one cycle. Access to the threeexecution
those memory banks are expandable formance by virtue of us instruction set. units is made via registers associated
with off-dlip last etatk RAM. Thatallows With a l 00-nanosecond cycle time, mul- wilh each execution unit. For example,
the program memory 10 be loaded , tiple ccereucns per cycle, and zero- the AW has the fOllowing 16-bit regis-
using the resident boot memory loader, overhead looping, the numerical perter- rers:
from a slow PROM or EPROM (250 mance 01the chip is respectable. In ad- AXO, AX1, AYO, AY1, AR, and AF
nanosecond access) and keeps high- dition, the t -micron tow-pOWer CMOS The MAC has:
speed data transfer inside the chip to processing holds power dissipation to MXO, MX 1, MYO, MY1, MRO, MR1, MR2,
reduce EM! and board-layout require-
ments.
The program and data memory can
be easily expanded olf -cbip-as has
LISTING 1
been done wilh the VFX processor- START:
when the internal data memory is not IO"bu ffer# l; {Addrooo o f buffer#l in DMD}
sufficient for the algorithms. The chip 1'4.0"1; {Po st modify value}
has resources buill-in to simplify exter- U -buffed2; {Addre ss of buffsr#2 i n PMD}
MO _ l; {Pos t modify val ue }
nal memory hardware interlacing. They
CNTR- 2048; . {Number of word s in buffer}
include separate selects for program DO HOVE BUFFER UNTIL ca r {Po loop}
memory, data memory, and boot memo- AR. PM (I4 , M4 j ;
ry, and a programmable wait-stale gen- DM(IO, MOj_AR;
erat or to allow for slow exte rna l MOV_ BUFFER: {End o f the l oop }
memories.
The 2105 incorporates several pe -
,-
"~~ u OATA
"'.
511:01 6
H TEIIN.lJ.
H 14 PMA BUS
'-
AllOfUSS
eus
14 OtMSUS
"
EXTERNAl
I
DATA
eos
"
RECEI~E REG
1
l-----J
~'-'L...
I SHIfTER l OGI C m~ ER
OUTPUI IIEGS f"<- OUf1'UT FlGS rv- OUTPUT REGS r'..- ':;",
,
I
a R BUS ! ! 16 RM a
FIG. 1Q-ADSP-2105 BLOCK DIAGRAM. The 2105 has built-In data memory and pro-
gram memory Implemented In fast $ RAM. That keeps high-speed data transfer Inside
the chip.
46
of on-board data m emory I DM ~
S in ce th at is n ot eno ugh to per-
fo r m th e 12B-po lnt FIT a n d
(FIT. two external s tatic RAM s
a re also attach ed to the data
bus . one for the h igh byte (IC9).
and one for the low byte (ICB) of
th e memory. That 2 x BK byt es
of SRAM ad dressed by th e 2105
Is accessed when the D AT A MEM-
O RY SELI-;cr (D M S ) strobe Is ac-
tive.
The se ven-s egmen t LED di s-
play adds to the tnteracttvtty of
the VFX processor. an d is writ-
ten to as if it was external pro-
gram m emory. Th e PROG RAM
M EM O R Y S E LECT tP M S ) signa l
from t h e 2 105 is ac ti vated to
lat ch da ta from the b us Into
~ . ICll (the s even-segme n t BCD
la t ch/d ecod er/driver) . whi ch
the n dr ives th e seven segme n t
di spl ay. No decod in g is requ ired
for the selecti on of lCl l beca use
th ere is no ex ternal program
FIG. 11-THE EZ-l AB KIT inclu de s a dem o board, a n ADSP2101f5Iamlly assemb ler, mem ory In the syste m.
lin ker, and other miscell aneou s development softwa re. You can de sign and debug The VFXprocessor u ses a CO-
software lor cert ain applic ation s at min imal co st.
DEC to d igitize the aud io Input
and convert it into a se r ial dat a
"'" MF s tream . The CODEC Interfaces
The barTel Shifter has : directly wit h t he 2 105's syn-
5B. sr, SE, SAl. and SAO U STING 2 ch ro n ou s se r ial p or t SPORT!,
In addition. the ADSP2105 incofpo- wh ich Inclu des p in s 52-56.
rates two data address generators If1:Q2 000
(OAG's), one of which can perform the SPORTO (Transmit ) 000" SPORTI Is configured for B-b it
SPORTO (Rece ive) 00ll0> sync h ronous dat a tran s fer with
bit reversing thai is required for certain SPORTl (Transmit) OOIOh
FFT algorithms. One OAG accesses SPORT2 (Receive) OO14h word-framing sync puls es and
program-memory data (PMD) and the TIMER OOl8 h IJ.-Iaw compa n d ing. The 2105
othe r accesses data-memory data ge n e rate s a 1.6 6 MH z s e r ia l
(OMD~ The OAG's use a set 01 three clock ISCLKIJ and 6 .5 -kHz fram-
regislers 10 control indirect addressing
andtirallar buffers. Those are the index cations shown in U sting 2. A second
in g pulses on TRANSM IT F!{AME
registers (10 10 17), the modify registers mirror set of Data registers can be en- SYNC ITFS l } an d REC E IVl:!: FHA ME
(MO to M7). and the length registers (LO abled to lacilila te fast context switching SYN C mFs l } to synchron ize the
to L7). For example, by setting up the during its Interrupt servicing . The device data transfer.
registers so thai 10 has the starting ad has on-chip clock generation circuitry T h e CODEC Implemen ts IJ.-
dress. MO has a value 01 1, and La is and is packaged in a 68 le ad plas tic law co mp a n d in g . wh ic h Im -
zero. blocks ofdata can be moved lrom leaded chip carrier ( PlCC~
one buffer 10 another with very Irtlle pro- The VFX processor descnbed in this
prov es th e dynam ic range of the
gramming (see Usbng 1 ~ artiCle was developed with Analog De- convers ion by ta king advan tage
Tobe successful, any rniaocomputer. vees ADSP-2101 EZLab Kit (see Fig. of human pe rception of so u nd :
including a digital signal processor. iu The AnaJog Devices EZ-tee kit in- that Is . t h at th e ear Is m u ch
must have readily available ow-cost cludes an EZ-lAB demonstr atio n more se nsitive to nois e In low-
sottware lools. Analog Devices has sup- board , an AOSP-2101l5 fam il y as- level (volu me ) s ignals th a n in
plied the AOSP-2105 with qUality SOft- sembler, linker and other miscellaneous
ware tools at a reasonable price. The developme nt software, including the es-
hi gh -level s ignals. The CODEC
assembty lan91Jage is algebraic and senner simulator. With this package one receives and transmits B bits of
slraight1OlWard. Included is a powerful can design and debug software for cer- data . an d the di gital s ignal pro-
persona l comput er-based sottware sen- tain appIicafions with excellent results at cessor has built-in com pa n ding
utaror thai allows sof tware deb ugging mi nimal cost. 01 cou rse. an ln-cl rcun h ardwa re to convert It Into a 14-
without an expensive in-circuit emulator emulator (ICE) will speed up tho de- bit n umber.
(ICE). velopment process , although. of course,
The AOSP-2105has tho same kind 01 at a much higher price : me EZ-Lab kit
Th e ot her com ponent s of th e
interrupt handli ng caceouses as other sells for loss than 5500 do llars. and an VFX p rocess or a re the power
microcompu ters. The interrupts can be emulator cos ts more than $2000 dollars. s u pply an d an alog compo ne n ts .
individually masked or enab/tld , edge- For people with limited capi tal resources The VFXboard accepts + 9 volts
triggered or level sensitive. Interrupts and small to medium com ple xity at- DC a n d ge ne ra tes - 9 . + 5.
are vectored to the programmemory 10- gonthms. the kit is great R-E + 5. 1. and - 5. 1 volts DC. Volt-
age converter IC7 Ia TSC7660) 47
Construction
Th e VFX p rocess or Is easy to
bu ild. All the n ecess a ry compo-
nents Includi ng a do ubl e-s ided
PC boa rd , a ll res, se micon duc-
tors . a n d pas sive co mpo nen ts
a re ava ila b le fro m t he s o u rce
gtven In the Parts List. A m icro-
phone. DC wa ll out let trans -
for mer, a n d he a d phon es a re
a lso ava ila ble If you do n 't a l-
ready h a ve t he m . We 've pro-
vided foil patterns In cas e you
want to make yo u r ow n PC
boa rd.
Following Fig. 8 as a gutde.
moun t the co mpo ne nt s begin-
ning with the res istors . Next In-
s ta ll the ca pacito rs. the crys ta l.
s w itch es , jac ks . voltage reg -
ul a tor (IC7J, a nd then all of the
PARTS LIST IC sockets. Make s u re you don 't
All resistors are Y4watl, 5%, un- IC7- 7805T s-vclt regulator in stall t he In put a n d ou tput
less otherwise noted. ICa, IC9-6264-1 5 SRAM, 150 ns jacks In the wr ong locations .
R1-R3-1 20,OOO ohms IC1D-74HC14N hex Schmlt1 trig Th e ou tp u t jack h as th ree ter-
A4, A9, R1 2-R1 9, R22-R 29, ger inverter m inals so th at If you u se h ea d-
R33-R39, R41-R49-not used IC11-CD4511 7-segmentdecoder! phones you l l h ear sou n d from
R5-R8-10,OOOohms driver both s ides. Be su re to or ient the
R10, Rl1-22Q,OOO ohms 01, D2- 1N5231B5.1-voltZenerd i- polarized ca pac it o rs co r rectly.
A20, R21-1 000 ohms ode Do not ins tal l the ICs yet a n d
R3D-1 0 ohms D3-1N4001 diode don't remove th em fro m th ei r
R31-470 ohms (x 7), ta-pln DIP DISP1 -LT S67aOR r- seq ment packagtng j us t ye t e it her. When
R32-1 0,OOOohms ( x5),&pin SIP common cathode LED you 've co mpleted the s older ing,
R4D-10,OOOohms, multiturn po- Other components ca re fu lly d ouble c h ec k par ts
tentiometer XTAL1-1D-MHz crystal placemen t a n d look for solde r
RSD-200,OOO ohms, mullitum po- 51-4-position DIP switch
52, 53-momentary pushbutton, s p la s h es a nd b r id g ing . T he
tentiometer
capacitors N.O. completed VFX ca rd Is s hown In
cr. C2- 20 pF, 100 volts, ceramic J1-2mm DC power jack Fig. 9.
C3-C7- 10J.1F,35 volts,electrolytic J2-mini stereo jack
cs , C9, C11-C 15, C17- C19, J3--m ini monojack Hardware checkout
C23-C29, C31-e34 , C3&-C39- Miscellaneous: IC sockets, 9-'1011 Now we will perform a ha rd -
not used DC wall transformer, microphone, wa re ch eckou t. one Ie a t a time.
C1Q--220 !J.F, 25 volts, electrolytic headphones, PC board, solder, Precautions agai n st s ta tic dis -
C16-10 !J.F, 6.3 volts, Tantalum etc. charge shou ld be followed when
electrolytic Note: The following Items are handling the IC's . Electrosta tic
C2O--C22-1 !J.F, 50 volts, ceramic available from American Dis- d ischarge ca n cause very s ub tle
C30----0.047 tJ.F, 100 volts, ceramic tributors, Inc. , 9 Whippany damage In the IC th at ca n be
C35-47 pF. 100 volts, ceramic Road, Whippany, NJ 07981 hard to find-th e k ind th at is
C4o-GSO----O.1 !J.F, 100 volts, ceo (000) on.. 51. :
ramie VFX kit (Includes PC board
semiconductors and all PC-mounted compo- FILTER DESIGN SOFTWARE
lC1 -ADSP210SKP40 DSP pro- nents}-$105
cessor (plated through holes, solder The digital filter used in the echo and
lC2-27256-25 32Kx 8 EPROM masked and sllkscreened) reverb effect wasdesigned with uie filter
(256K) s-volt wall transformer-S12 and digital analysis software (FDAS)
IC3-TP3054J COOEC Headphones-$15 from Momentum Data Systems soft -
IC4-LM 741Nco-amp Microphone---S16 ware. The software was used 10 imple-
Add $5 sh ipping and handling. ment a finite impulse response (FIR)
IC5-LM386N-3 audio amplifie r filter. The optional code generator wrote
IC6-7660SCPA voltage converter Check, MasterCard, or Visa. the source COde lor the filter, given its
characteristics. The package also runs
~enera tes t he n ega ti ve s u pply generate the a n alog volt ages of on the ADSP-2101 processor and other
from the positive supply. A 5- plus a nd mi nu s 5,1 volts nc. family members. The FDAS software
volt DC reg ula tor (IC7. a 7805) Op-amp IC4 a nd audio amplifier can also implement other kinds of digital
s u ppli es + 5 volts DC to t he IC5 cond it ion a nd a mplify the litters than FIA , including Infinite im-
pulse response (UAI and some analog
2 105 a nd altlogtc ICs . a nd two a udio Inpu t a nd output. respec- equivalents. R-E
48 Zener regul at ors IDI a n d D2 1 tively.
a
I.. -I
COMP ONENT SIDE 01 the YFX board .
~~~i!~
.~
f
....-- -- - --
SOLDE R SIDE of th e YFX boa rd .
- - - - - - - 6trlCHES- -- - - - - - - - - - -
-I
--OO
Iif
eratcr; Now reapply s-votts DC Ins tall lC I. IC2 . le lO. and lell ~
worth avo id ing . to J l a n d measure pin 5 of ICG: In their respective sockets. For [
First a p ply 9-\' 011 DC power to
J I a n d ve ri fy t h a t there Is 5 volts
th e volta ge s h ou ld be th e n ega-
tiv e of the voltage on ICGpin 8 or
the RAM test. set a ll the 5 1 DIP
s witches to t he "o n " position iii
i.
on the powe r pins of ea ch Ie - 12 volts (w hiche ver Is lessj. a nd ap ply power to the board . z
soc ke t. When ve rified . re move Next, ch ec k p in s 1 a n d 4 o f T he LED disp lay should show j
power from the boa rd a n d plug IC3 for - 5 volts 0 .2 voll a nd th e n u mb er "6. " Press th e S HIFT
In ICG. th e negati ve-su pply gen - + 5. 0 0 .2 volt . respectively. con ti nued on page 94 51
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a~m A New M:Jrk LandmarY fOr over 26 yearst
FROM
NOTWORKING
To
NETWORKING
Learn about basic and advanced equipment
for troubleshooting LAN's.
GARY McCLELLAN
THIS IS PART 20F A TlIREEI'ART SE- takes for Its reflection to retu rn have to replace a bad one . The
ri es on t ro u bleshooting local- to the so urce.) b est way to lea rn the proper
area n etwor ks {LANs}. In Par t 1 Gone are the days of m ind- techn iqu es Is to work with
we pres ented tec h n ica l back- les s ly s wap p in g co m p u te rs. so meo ne already s killed In the
g ro u n d o n n e t w o r k te ch- boards. a nd cables. Instead we a rt. Failing that. there are other
n ologies incl ud ing cable types. u se Inte lligent swa pp ing to lo- resources. Try a local electron ic
topologies . signal sc he mes. and ca lize a problem. and then use part s dis tributor for manufac-
access prot ocols. Th is time we a pprop ria te lest equ ipmen t to turers literature on con n ecto r
Introduc e t he too ls a nd lest find the suspect part. Next we Installation. Or locat e a copy of
equi pment necessary to service Install a substitute. and If the the Radl o Amateu r s H andbook .
LAN 's quickly and effe cttvely, LAN comes to life. that part re- published by the American Ra-
Next time we'll put our knowl- mains . Otherwise. we \\'111 re- dio Relay League . The Con-
edge to work In diagnosing and peat the process u ntil the fault struction Practices chapter of
solving easy and difficult net- d isappears and the LAN comes that h a n d book describes th e
work problems. on -line. proper way to Install BNC-type
Experts say that cable fau lts Some trai ning firms cla im coax ial connectors. You migh t
cause more than 70 % of all n et- that on ly a screwd river Is re- also co n tact AMP a nd othe r
work failures. Cable fault s may qutred to se rvice a LAN. We m an ufacturers to request as-
sound s imple In theory but, In won 't go that far-but wit h the se m b ly In for mation o n their
practi ce. di agnos ing and locat- techn iqu es d is cu ssed h er e . crimp-on coax an d Rd-xx se ries
Ing th em can br ing s trong me n well come close. co n nectors. The s ide bar lis ts
to tea rs. However. co m mon several so u rces of In formation .
sense. good test equip ment. Hand tools
a nd In te ll ige nt s ubstitution Co mmo n h and too ls are TheDMM
techniques can take you a long useful In s ervicing LANs. Table No service tech n ician in his
way toward rapid . Inexpensive I describes the basic requtre - right mi nd wou ld be caugh t
repair. menta : yo u 'lI probab ly add dead without a DMM: It Is ltte r-
Common sense helps you lo- other. more specialized tools to ally indispensable. You can use
calize the p roblem to a vo id the list as ttme goes on. It to service LAN's. and also to ljl)
wasttng ttme performing trrele- One quick and easy way to get check building ACli ne power i5~.
va nt tests . Good test Inst ru- the tools you need Is to b uy a a nd repai r electron ic equlp- ::I
men ts are you r eyes and ears Jensen tool kit . For exam ple. ment of all types . DMM's are
Into th e LAN; equipment ca n be the rea s onably p r ice d JTK-5 ava ilable wit h a dazzlin g vartety is
as s imple as a $ 20 digital multi- tool kit con ta ins all the essen - of features . If you a re sh opping !'oJ
meter (DMM ) or as complex as a ti als fo r se rv ici ng E t he r ne t for a DMM . choose a 3Y2d lglt m
t t m e-d om a t n r efl ec t om eter LAN"s. Also chec k wit h J en s en unit. like the one s ho wn In Fig. i:i~.
(TDR) cos ti ng th ous ands of dol- for tools an d tool kits s u ita ble I . that Is easy to use. h as th e 3
lars . (A TOR u s es r ed a r-lt k e for twisted -pa ir and Thkcn Ring fea tu res yo u really n eed . a nd
techn iques to measure the dis- LAN"s. has a low price. Minimum LAN ~
ta nc e to a cable fault. Typically a Probably the most co m mo n specifi c requi rements for a l
test Instrument transmits a sig- problem In LAN service Is con - DMM Include a 0 to 200 oh ms
n al and measu res the time It nectars . Sooner or later. youll range. a con tin u ity beeper. a 0 53
th e who le n etwork may crash.
J u s t ch ec k the ou tle t voltage
with a DMM, a nd if it Is outside
the 105 to 125-volt ACoperating
range of mos t compu ters . call
a n electrician!
Noise problems ca n be a bi g
h eadache , especia lly on LAN's
with unshielded tw is te d -p ai r
IUTP ) ca ble. Noise causes ra n-
dom data errors a nd, in s erious
cases, ca n crash the networ k.
Measure noise with a DMM by
conne cting It to one end of the
cable. ma king s u re t he o the r
a n d is termi nated p roperly. The
DMM read ing for a good UTP ca-
ble ca n be In the range of 5 m illi-
volts or les s . A h igh reading ca n
uncover unus u al faults s uc h as
a coil of excess ca ble or ca ble
rou ted too close to EMI sou rces
s uc h as fluores cent lighti ng fix-
tures . In fact. the a u th or once
determ in ed tha t a 50- foot coli of
excess UTP left on top of a ligh t
fixtu re by a n In staller was caus-
ing interm itt ent problems on a
n ewly in stalled LAN. The pro b-
lem drove eve ryon e c r azy fo r
m onth s ! Us ing a DMM as a
noise meter h as limited u tility
because DMM's measure voltage
FIG. 1-A BASIC DMM, like the Fluke Model 70, Is an Indispensable tool lor LAN in the kHz ra nge , not in the 4 to
troubl eshootin g. 16-MHz range typi ca l of most
networ ks pro tocols.
to 20-volts DC ra nge, a nd a 0 to res is tors ) to ensu re proper re- Wors e. DMM's don't measure
zuo -vo tt s AC r a n g e . Mo st s is tan ce. Use the con ti n u ity Im p ul s e n oi s e. wh ic h is es -
DMM's s old tod ay m ee t those fu n ction to loca te s hor ts a nd pec ially di s ruptive to LAN oper-
mi nimum specifications. opens in cables and connectors . ati on. For that type of meas u re-
Let's d iscus s b rtefly h ow you Au di bl e bee ps are es pec ia lly m ent , we mu s t go t o more
ca n u s e a DMM for LAN s ervt c- u se fu l whe n working in dark or s pecialized equipme nt s uc h as
Ing. Res istance a nd continuity tig h t pl a c e s l i k e pl enu m s that desc r ibed in the followin g
a re p r ob ab ly the m ost u sed (dropped ceilings). s ections.
fun ction s in LAN serv tcrng. Use The DC fu nction Is u seful as
the ohms functi on to measure well. Ethe rnet LAN's ca rry 5-voH Microtest cable scanne r
th e resi stance of ca bles a n d ter- powe r and dat a to the tran s - Microtest was th e first compa-
m in a tor res is tors, a nd to loca te ceive rs a tt ach ed to the back - ny to provide spec ialized, all-In-
shor ts or ope n s In ca bles a nd bone ca b le. Use th e DMM to on e LAN tes t equ tpme n t s uc h as
con nectors. A low-end ra ng e of verify that powe r Is present a t th e Micro test Ca ble Sca nner.
o to 200 oh ms is Import ant b e- the transceiver if It does not Th is h andheld Instrument con-
ca u se coax ial ca b les typically h ave a Powe r Good in d ica tor. ta ins everyth ing you n eed to
m ea sure les s tha n 5 .0 oh m s You ca n also u se the DC volts tro ub les hoo t LAN ca b les , in -
en d- to-e n d, a n d twis ted pai r fu nc ti on to ver ify voltages In cluding oh m me ter, n oise mete r,
less th an 20.0 ohms . Th ma ke em ergen cy ligh ts a nd u n inter- time d om a in r efl e ct om e ter
th is type of meas urement , first ru p t ab l e p ow er s u pp lies (TDR), E t he r n e t activ ity
powe r dow n t he ne two rk to (UPS 's). mo n ito r, a nd cable tracer. Bes t
avoid affecting LAN opera tion . Last but no t leas t. use the AC of all. the Ca ble Scan ner is rea-
Discon nect qu estionable cab les volt s fun c tion to measu re AC s ona bly pri ced a nd read ily ava il-
before ma kin g meas ureme n ts . power outlets a nd no ise levels a ble. Figu re 2 s ho ws the Ca ble
High -res is tance ca b les ca n on the LAN ca bles . It is n ot un- Scanne r and se veral oth er st m-
ha ve partially se vered wires or com mon for powe r problems to Ilar models.
ba d con nec tors. lest all termi- ca use trouble on a LAN . par- Althou gh opti m ized for Eth -
nators (con necto r bo dies con - ticularly whe n the fil e server or ernet LAN s , the Cable Sca n ne r
54 tai ni ng 50-. 9 1-. or lOO-oh m hub computer Is affected . Then also tests un sh ield ed twi s ted
Remember that for a TOR to
wo rk p rop er ly, a ll equipme nt
must be tu rned ofT. Othe rwtse .
data on the line cou ld ca use
false d istan ce readtngs-c-not to
mention wh at It woul d do to on-
lin e computers! You s ho uld also
know that all TORs have a blind
spot. or dead zone, from wh ere
t he in s trum en t co n nects to
so me d is tance do wn the ca ble.
The Ca ble Scanner ca nnot de-
tect fau lts occu rr ing within the
firs t 25 feet of ca ble. If you s us-
pect a fault In th at se ction, In-
s pec t t h e ca b le manua lly. or
m ak e a not he r m ea sureme nt
from the ot he r end of the cable.
Th e Cable Scan n er 's Ethe rnet
acti vity m on itor Is u seful for
s pot ti ng ba d tran sc eivers a nd
ot he r cases of netw or k overload.
Recall from Part 1 of th is se r ies
that Ethernet works on a first-
come. first-served ba sis. so me-
what like an old-fas h ione d tele-
ph on e p ar ty lin e . Wh o ever
s pea ks fi rst gets t he lin e .
Should so me thi ng go wro ng-
for example. a transceiver that
"jabbers" or ta lks all the Ume-
t r a ffic co u ld soar to 100 %
usage. That. in tu m , would pre-
ven t ot he r com pu te rs on the
networ k from exchang ing data
b ecau s e t he ir collis io n s ense
multiple access (CSMAI clrc u lt-
ry would force them to wa it con-
tinually. Th e res ult is th at LAN
op e ra tion would co m e to a
grind ing hal t.
Th e acti vity monitor cou n ts
FIG. 2-MICROTESrs HANDHELD LAN TESTERS combine mo st-n eeded featur es in t he numb er of data pac ket s
easy -to-use , hend-held package s. Clockwise trom upper lett are the Cable Scanner, (messages ) sen t between com-
the Ring SCan ner, th e Pair SCanner, and the Quic k Scan ner. puters on the net work over a s et
ti m e per iod (for exa m ple. one
pai r lUT P I, s h ie lde d twisted t hey d o h a p p en . T he Ca b le second or on e m tn ute). Th en It
pair (ST PI, Tok en Ring , a nd Scan ne r is ad ep t at se ns ing 60- ca lcu lates per cent u s age. You
RS -2 3 2 ca b les with s im p le Hz power-lin e no is e th at often th en look u p th at va lue on a
ada p ters . In add it ion. Mlcrotcst a ppears In problema tic coax ial c har t to d et er mi n e w h e t h er
offers specialized sca n ners spe- ca ble sys tems. there are problem s. If so. you
cifically for tes ti ng un ique fea- The TOR fu ncti on ca n loca te mus t troubleshoot to loca te th e &'
tures of ot he r ca ble. s ho rts an d opens In LANca b les. cau se of the fau lt. ~
Key feat ures of t he Cab le Ope ra ti ng It Is as si m ple as The Ca ble Scanner also has ~
Scanner Include resistance and pushi ng a bu tt on . The de vice an optional cable tracer th at al- ~
continuity functio ns . a basic then injects pu ls es Int o the ca- lows you to trace a speci fic ca ble iO
noi se meter. and a TOR. The ble where th ey travel until they as it runs through th e bu ildi ng ~
noise meter Is a simple AC volt- strtke a fault . and s ubseque n tly a lo ngsi de ot he rs . T his Is a
me ter that reads millivolt noise
In the I-kHz ra nge : It has n o
bo u nce back to the instrument.
T he Ca ble S can n er m ea su res
han dy featu re because LAN ca-
bles look alike. making It easy to
Jm
:5
ca pabi lity for m ea s urin g im- the travel time. calc ulates dt s - waste ti me t racin g the wrong il
pulse n ois e. Due to the shield- ta nce to the fault , and the n dis- cable . To ope ra te th e cable z
Ing n a tu r e of coaxial cable . plays th e d istance. AJI you have tracer,you must also purchas e a ~
n ois e p robl ems a re les s co m- to do Is Ins pect th e ca ble at that crgarette-pack-s tze receiver. In
mon In Ethernet sys tems-b u t di s tance an d rep air th e fau lt. operation . t he Ca ble Sca n n er 55
sends a special s ignal over th e ed a ca ble with Pat ch Check in E the r n et trans ce ivers . and a
ca ble u nder test. Then you h old ten se conds. vs. five minu tes on zoom fea tu re tha t a llows you to
the receiver next to ea ch cab le In a DMM! examin e ti ny faults wh ich s ho w
tu rn: the one th at produces a up as impedance s p ikes on th e
wa rb le tone Is the one you want . di splay. Zoom hel ps you fin d
Mtcrot es t a lso sells mo re s pe- prob lems like ru st y co n nec tors
cialized Inst ru ments for tes ting or bad crimps . In Part III we will
ot her kinds of cables . For UTP/ s how how we fou n d a n un -
ST P cables t h e re Is t h e Pair a uthorized ca b le ta p u sing
Scan ner. whi ch addre sses ma- thes e fea tu res .
jor twi sted-pai r concerns In - One im portant featu re Is the
c lu d ing Impu ls e noi s e an d propa gation -ra te co n trol. It 's
s ignal los s through th e ca ble. important becau se It de te r-
T h e Pair S ca n n e r als o h as m in es the d ista nce a ccu ra cy of
switch ing ca pa b Jllti es for se- th e TOR. As yo u rntgb trecall
lecting d ifferent t ra nsmit/re- fro m physi cs clas s , electrons
cei ve pa ir s . as well as a h ub travel a t the s peed of ligh t In a
com p u te r tes t fu nc ti on . For vacu u m. Bu t in th e real world of
Token Ring ca bling there Is the co pper cabling. s ign a ls travel
Ring Scan ner. whtch Isolates much s lower. Th e s peed red u c-
faulty multlst atlon ac cess units ti on is due to Insula tion quality
(MAUsl . d eterm ines whet her a n d condu ctor di ameter. The
the ri ng mainta ins continuity, propagation-rate co n t ro l ca li-
a nd mon it or s network traffic . brates the equ ipmen t to com-
In te res ti n gly. It ca n s im u la te p en s ate for th e s lower co n -
ne twork faults . s o you can per- FIG. 3-PALADIN'S PATCH CHECK pro- duction In the ca b le. th ereby
form "fire d rills" on a good LAN vide s Instant go/no-go testin g of RJ-l1 provtdtng correct di st ance In -
a nd ge t a feel for sym ptoms be- and RJ-45 telephone-style connectors. di cations .
used for Shielded and unshielded twi st-
fore they occ u r. All Microtest ed-paIr wiring.
produ cts provide a s eria l output
for logging dat a or printin g RESOURCES
hard copy reports. Tektronix 1502C TOR Followin g are addresses of
Of a ll t h e equipmen t di s - manufacturers whose products
were di scu ssed in thi s article.
Paladin Patch Che ck c u ssed In these arti c les . t h e Contact them for curr ent pricing
Growing popularity of UTP- 'Iektrontx 1502C TOR is oldest and more inform ation .
based LAN's h as created a mar- a n d best es ta blish ed . For lind- Paladin Corporatlon , 3543 Old
ket for s pec ia l test too ls . O n e Ing tough problems It ca n' t be ConeJo Rd., Newbury Park, CA
good example Is a s imple. low- b ea t. It ca n Iden ti fy b ad ly 92123, (800) 272-8665.
cos t cab le tes ter from Paladin c r im pe d con n ec tors . cr u s hed Jensen Tool s, Inc., 7815 S, 46th
Street, Phoeni x. AZ, 85044. (602)
C o r po r a tio n c alled Pat ch coax ia l ca b les. wiring c h ewed 96s.6231 .
Chec k. Patch Check. shown in by rod ents. and more. It Is s en- MlcroTest, Inc" 3519 E. Shea
Fig . 3. Ide n tifies the most co m- s it ive en ough to loca te problems Bl vd . Su ite 134, Phoen i x, AZ
mo n faults In UTP sy s tems . to wit h in Inches on th e cable. 85028, (800) 526-9675.
namely bad co n nec tors . s h orts . The 1502C Is a s tate-of-the-a rt Radio Amateur's Handbook,
an d opens . vers ion of a line of analog TORs America n Radio Rel ay League,
Newington, CT 06111.
Pa t ch Chec k tes ts the fu ll th at goes back s everal deca des , Tektron ix, lnc., Redmond OM
range of UTP sys tems. fro m s in - The 1502C looks much like a elon, 625 S. E. Salmon Dr., Red-
gle- to four-pair ca b les term i- b en c h top os c illo scop e . a s mond , OR 97756, (800)833-9200.
na ted in RJ-ll or RJ-45 co n- sh own In Fig. 4 . However. In- AMP, lnc., P.O. Box 3608, Har-
nectors . Operation Is si mply a stead of the usual ca thode ray risburg , PA 17105, (71 7) 561.fi168.
malter of s napping both ends of tube (CRT). th e 1502C h as a liq -
th e ca ble into th e unit. pushing uid crystal display (LCD) to re-
th e 'test button. and watching d uce power co nsu m p tio n a n d Typical ly you s et the propaga-
the Indicators . Bad connections weight. A removab le reticle fits tio n rate by con sulting a char t
or opens a ppea r as one or mo re over the di spl ay. which s h ows published by th e cab le m a n -
unllJumina ted LEOs : sh or ts a p- ca b le Imp edance vs . d is tance . u fa cturer or LAN equ ip m e nt
p e ar a s multiple s im u lta - The operating controls a re s tm- ven dor. Va lues are u sua lly ex-
neou sly lit Ind ica tors. Paladin pie. a nd there a re less of the m press ed as a percentage of th e
also offers a rem ote indicator for th an on a n oscilloscope. An ex- s peed of light. c. Th e h igh er th e
situations wh ere you can 't get cellent ope ra tor's manua l helps percentage. the fas ter the s ig-
at both ends of the cable. new or Infreq uent users op era te nals travel throu gh th e cable.
Pat ch Chec k ca n save lots of the device. Typical Et hernet backbon e ca-
time. For example. In resolving Key features of the 1502C In- b le has a propagation rate of
one prob lem described In Part 3 clude a negative-go in g ou tput O.76c . Some sou rces refer to
56
of th is s eries. the author check- pu ls e. which s h u ts down live propagation rate as th e numer-
c ha nges . a n d rea d d is t ance
from the reticle. Analog TORs
a ls o h a ve an a maz in g s e n -
s lll V1 ty to ru s ty contac ts In con-
necto rs, wa ter-logged ca b les .
a nd othe r fa ults th at ca n go u n-
detected with les s -sens itive In-
struments.
Network c~rtiflcation
Anoth er issue is network cer-
tifi cation . whi c h is b ecom ing
In creasi ngly Important as cor-
po ra tions con ti n u e the down-
sizin g tre n d . Downs izing tn-
valves us ing networ ks ofPC s to
pe rform m is sion-criti ca l a p-
p ll ca tl o n s fo r m e r ly r un on
m ain fr am es . Mi ssion -critical
means th at th e health a n d corn-
pe nttveness of the com pany de-
pen d cr itically on the com pu ter
systems th a t s u pport the com-
pany. Wit h out a reliable n e t-
work . workers ca n't do t he ir
jobs. so goods a nd s ervices are
d elive red to c u s to me rs la te. If
c ustomer dissatis factio n tn -
A G. 4-TEKTRONIX' 1SC2C TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETER prov ides analog dis- c reases . the comp a ny s uffers.
play of distance versus Impedance. A knowledgeable techn ician can Interpret the a n d so do Jobs. Clea rly. we all
disp lay to locate subt le LAN cable lauhs. have a vested In terest In keep-
ing our LAN networks running
teal value of propagation (NVP) nvt ty monitor. relia b ly.
or veloci ty factor {VFI. The tcnns In the past . LAN ca bles were
a ll m ean the sam e thing. Re- Analog vs. digital often pulled by electr ical or tele-
ga rdlesss of name. It is impor- In th is a r ti cle . we h ave de - phone wiri ng con tra ctors who
tant to s et the propagation rate s cribed two types of TORs: d ig- mi gh t not have had proper tools
con trol of you r TOR if you want ita l (Mlcrotest) and a n a lo g a nd expe rti se. As a res ult. Eth -
it to d isplay meaningful. accu - I'Iektron txl, Ea ch type of TOR ernet cables may exceed recom-
ra te read ings. has its own adva ntages a nd di s - me nded leng th s . ex cess UT P
O pe r ati ng t he i 5 0 2 C Is adva ntages: b oth Ins tr u m e nts cab le may be left ca lled In plen-
s tra ight forwa rd . You b egin by a re Widely u sed in LAN serv ic- ums over flu ores cent fixtures ,
powering down the LAN eq u tp- in g. a nd s o on . Th ose problems de-
men t on th e qu estionable ca ble Th e m ajo r di ffere n ces b e- creas e LAN pe rfor ma nc e and.
se gme nt a nd rem oving a ny te r- tween th e two are In Informa- even worse. ca n se rve to redu ce
mi na tor resistors . I'Iermtnators tio n d ispl ay a nd se nsit ivity to rellabllt ty.
ca n trick a TOR into di sp laying mi no r faults. Push a bu tt on on In response, major LAN ven-
fan tastic cable tength s.I Th en a d igital TOR. a nd you' l read dors h ave devis ed pe rformance
con nect th e TOR to the ca ble so met h ing like S hort 40 Ft on tests to help ensure that LAN's
through a n Impedance ada p ter. the di splay. Digital TO Rs a re meet s ta n dards for n ois e level.
In st a ll th e co r r ec t di sp la y grea t for novice us ers because ca ble length. a tte nuation . and
reticle. a nd a pply power. Then th ey ma ke it easy to u nderstand othe r factors tha t affect perfor-
adj ust th e controls . a nd you 'tt results . Th eir d rawback . how- mance a nd rob ustness.
rece ive a visual In d icatio n of ca- ever. is th at they report on ly ma- With ou t rh rnk tn g o u t t he
ble quality. jor fau lts . m issing mi nor ones problem the fanciest TOR in the
Te k t r on ix m a k e s se ve ra l that often ca u se th e most fru s - wo rld will b e useles s . Develop
ot he r TORs . The 1503C a n alog trating problems . you r ab ility to Identi fy a prob-
TO R accom moda tes ca bles as Turn on a n a nalog TOR a n d lem a nd logically work you r way
long as 50.000 feet. a nd h as a n yo u'll s ee a osc illosco pe-s tyle through possible ca uses until II
Et h ern et option . T he 15 0 3C wavy lin e over a black reti cle cal- Is so lved.
looks like a good ch oice for ca ble ib rated In impeda nce ve . d is - Be s u re to JOin us In Part III
TV or a irc raft carr rer applica - ta n ce. Clea rly the a nalog TOR Is wh en we will ro ll up ou r s leeves
tions . 'Iektrontx also ma kes th e In tended for mor e experie nced a nd troubles hoot ac tu al LAN's
TMA-802 . a modera tely pr iced u sers who ca n d isrega rd th e with the equipmen t a nd tools
d igit al TO R a nd Et h ern et ac- dead zone. Interp ret Impeda nce desc r ibed here. RE 57
The555
A Versatile
Timer
RAY M. MARSTON
FIG. 1-FUNCTlONAL BLOCKS OF THE 555 TIMER wit h it s pin out Identified.
I N AN Y ASSO C IAT ION TES T F O R rat her than s ine or other com- s u pply will be + 12 volts DC or
those wh o kn ow integrated err- plex waveform s . Th is a rticle ex- less .
cu lts, the three digits 55 5 wtll pla ins how th e 555 wor ks a nd The ou tsta nd ing featu res of
s u m m o n up th e In st a nt r e- shows you how to a pply the IC the 5 5 5/5 5 6 in clude:
s ponse "ti mer Ie ." It's th e short In va rious pra ctical con trol cir- T imi ng adjus tabl e fro m mi-
for m ge ne r ic de s ign a tion for cu its. crosecon ds to h ours
progeny of t he NE555, a popular Du ty cycle adjus table
monolithic ti me r/oscilla to r Ie A 555/556 overview Ability of out pu t to s ource
fi r s t Introdu ced by S tg n e ttc s Fig u r e 1 is a s im p li fi ed (s upply) or s in k (d iss ipa te) 200-
many years ago. 81111 Widely sec- block dia gram of th e 555 s ho w- m illia mpere cu rren t
ond-s ourced because of Its ver- in g It s prin cip a l fun c ti on a l Ou tpu t ca n drive TTL logic
s a ti li ty. th e 555 r an k s a s a block s : th res h old com para tor. circ u its
s ta nda rd "bu ildi ng block." tri gg er com pa r a tor. R- S Il tp - Tempera tu re s ta b il it y ex -
The 5 55 a n d its derivatives flop. low-power compleme n tary ceeds 0 .0 05% rc
ca n be found In thou sands of out pu t s tage. s lave di s cha rge Normally "on" a nd normally
different circu its . a nd its pos - transi s tor, a n d a voltage-refer- "off' ou tpu t
s ib ili ties for fu r ther a pp li ca - e n ce poten ti al d ivid e r. Both T h e 555 a n d 556 were d e-
ti on s ap p ea r limit le s s . Al- halves of a du al vers ion of the s igned for prects ton timi ng a p-
though clas sed as a line ar IC. it 5 55 (two 5 5 5 8 on a s ing le ch ip), p li ca ti o ns , wit h t he ti m ing
Is o fte n u s ed In d ig it al o r th e 55 6 , h a ve Iden ti ca l elec- In te rval controlled by a n exter-
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RAMSEY EUCTRONICS.INC. 793 Canning Par llwl,. Victor. NY 14564
CIRCLE 268 ON FREE INFORM,lOON C,lRD
6OA9
WHOLESALE SPECIALS
LIMITED QUANTITIES
CABLE CONVERTERS
Blow Oul!!
X L 103
550 MHZ 86 Channel $89.95 each
TOP CHANNEL ROLLOVER, $70.00 each - 5 Lo t
LAST CHANNEL MEMORY, SUB-
CHANNEL 0+ 1 CAPABILITY,
FAVORITE CHANN EL, SURGE
$65.00 each 10 Lot
PROTECTION, 4 db AMP,
DECODER COMPATABLE,
$57.00 each 20 Lot
STD/HRC SWITCHABLE, ONE
YEAR REPLACEMENT $52.00 each - 50 Lo t
WARRANTY, N B TWINLINE
OPTIONAL $50.00 each - 100 Lo t
BOA1O
Q'
CALL FAX ~
OR WRITE ~
FOR A FREE ~
CATALOG _
60All
HOSFELT ELECTRONICS, INC. ~
MA X 2 3 2 CP E
DuaT RS232
BIPOLAR
HALL EFFECT
DIGITAL SWITCH
Mfg - Sprag ue
Htg , - UGH30JOU
Low Prof fl e Pacl:.l ge
, LOW VOLTAGE
TRANSFORMER
TIMER
@
I nput : 115/1Z 5 V. 60 Hz
Outp ut: l Z V, 60 Hz , 72 YA ( 6 Al
Photo ce ll sen sing 3 mode: Ful l
Rec.eive r/ Transm1tter 4. 5 Y t o 24 Y operati on. OutPut
compatible with all dig i t al automa tf c ' On ' at dus k, ' Off '
16 pi ns a t dawn; Automati c ' On' a t dusk ,
l ogi c. Th1s 1s a lIIIgne tfca l1y
activ ated el ectroni c swit ch. ' Off ' a t a pr ede t e rmfne d t ime
No . MlZJ2CPE 53.95 (max l Z hr s l ; Han ual ' On ' a nd
Spec sheet f nc lu ded.
automatic 'Of f ' a t dawn.
BARRIER TERMINAL 5.49 Ho. 56-199 518.95
BLOCKS
MACHINE PIN
~
6 VDC@2AMP [ Dr
DIP SOCKET 1.25"..16;
J8
lOBS-ZD 20 $4.'" 2l ~ 120 ."
$. 75 No. 56--1S5 $7.95
_--
and it guarantees
you 'll keep gelling full val ue City.SLo.~.Lp -,."
from your equipment J _ .. us.
"""fII _e-~Pf_ __
-
Signatul'e'
-- Esalftdillo. CA 92046
6<JA13
rt'o
l
tOrtto
IV Il
t \1'c'
J Il\J~
~9n~a~I~~~~:::er R~;,~~~~~~:~.
TEL: (416) 4908865 FAX :785-7955
S\\ &Scientific ~
SURPLUS BLOW OUT SALE
AV $$ SAVE $$$ SAVE $ $
Manua ls available at extra cost
467 SIMPSON
DIGITAL VOLTM ETER
Top qu.alily American made 3 1/ 1 digil DVM
wirhm&ny fel- lUreS including; Digilog Seale .
IN DUSTRY STANDARD
+/- Peak Hold, Diode T CSl and TR UE RMS.
Comes cornpleic with c:anying ease. u lmal
TEKTRONIX 491 wnenlshwu and5000voll probe . Requiles9V
SP ECTRUM ANALVZER
RECEIVER RADIO
Covers l OMhz - 40 Ghz. Solilhta1cp:nabM:lIJIit ANIURR71 R IS18fUR """'Y.
Prk r : Ukr Nr", $ 165.00
feaDllal iru=nalphase Iod::. mininuml5enSitivily b Thisruggedlittle ~io with$OlidCUIalumease
Vsed Rr pakablr $ 99.00
l00 dBm. A 12AGhzmila'isindudcdwithcaa. is c:enainIy bJill few ruucdncs.s Il'ld 1ICXappc.al.
miL Euanalmiufltil.~areavaibble Frequency (:O\'e:nge is 19.0Mhz to lS70S Mhz /\ A AA(
wimjUdlaseriedl491 r~SJ)lOO WnI pa'$U. in two bands. Sensilivily is 1.2uv few AM.lFM
Prier. $1,100.00 tao IndOAl:Y fcw CWoBandwidth IOKhzor7SKhz.
Two. wilCb sekcubk ant q,uu are rnouJ\lO:J 0l"1
!he front and rea" pane ls. Power n:quiJuncnls
areInlemll bIneIy (12BA3030l oS \/'oll Ded1J)
or AC 1l0l22Ovacopention SO-4OOHz. ThUD
vcry unique radiowithrn.any Olhef fealUrelll'ld
ttrUinly not one to be miucdll l MARCONISYNTHES~D
Prke: $325.00 fa. Manual : $20.00 SIGNAL GENERATOR
8 01 of24 new .Ikaline [).c elli $ 18.00
Freq range SOKhzS20Mhzwith eali brawl out_
putlevels from 127 dam 10 +13dBm. Resclu-
Don 10Hz.. II em be Ireq. phase or ampl.inll!c:
A390A RECEIVER modul ated from U l or inl modulation sources.
"The CLASS IC RA DIO RECEIVER thaI i$ RF OUIpUI resolution is O.ldB . reversepcwer
still pea! investment". These units arc protection of up to SOWIS pal5iblewithootdam-
complete with meleB andcover the frequency .~ 10 !he mslrumenl.ThiJ insb'Umentis miao-
range of 0..5 - 32 Mhzin AM. CWo MCWwith JlflXC"Ol controlled lIJld very easy 10 use. a
direct frequencyrc.ldolltvii meclulnical digit&! mllSt fOl" any seriotu repairor deYelopment lab.
dispby - ehcc:ked c:omplete, less C:OVUli. Prkr : $1500.00 Cb K krd
Price: Used Repalr ab le $295.00 /\A
~
FUNCTION GENERATOR
Features TU~ design. .01 He . I Mhz., DC
~_~t>
Ramp OulpUl and much more ; an excellent
value. Requirc:s use. .
Prke: $99.00 Chrtkrd
~ ~';
., ..
A1051 8 RECEIVER
-.-.
... All Prices In U.S. Doll ars COLLIN S KWM2A
TRANSCEIVER
Please Incl ude telep honelfax
Covcn2Mhz- 30MhzLSD, USB, ISD, AM.CW AclassicHAM lOOwl1ancciver.TheuuniUlare
&. FSKNavy ShipOOard Design. Direct Frequcn:y
number with mail-ln o rders.
lnIe to lhe classic collins uyle andqualily. buill
reb.a.Atx.uareHighStXJililyTIll'Ie&se.Requires Orders must be prepaid byguar 10 11.'1 IT\lXC !han a lifet ime:. Guarnnleed to
115VAC60 Hz fm- op:nzion. anteed Instrument. pleue any colleclOl'.l..imi te:d quantily !II
Prke= Used Repairable $450.00 Prkr: 5595.00 wllb p!w'ba t k p WT--$IIpplJ .
6OA14
+~--
STARTEK
FREGUENCY COUNTER S
[ MODEL ?5-BG .]
ULTRA HIGH S ENSITIVITY
RF OETECTOR - COUNTER
2 INCH LEO BAR GRAPH
Regular 5220. value II
$169.
SPECIAL LIMITED TIME OFFER
PLEASE MENTION THIS AD FOR SPECIAL PRICE
ACCESSORIES:
SAME DAY SHIPMENT
Ice-go BLACK VINYL CARRYING CASE $ 12.00 FACTORY Orders & Information
ITA-90
,Pll0
TELESCOPING BNC ANTENNA
PROBE. 200 MHZ, lX-lOX
12.00
39 .00
DIRECT 305 -561-2211
10.00
Orders only
' M2071C CABLE FOR MFJ-2071206
ORDER 800-638.8050
LINES FAX 305-561-9133
+
TERMS: S~ charge8 'or Florida add $4 + tax.
S TA R TEK INT E R N A T IO N AL INC us & Canada" add SIMI ($4 iTWl . $10 max). oltmw add lS 1M1 01
tow . coo IN $4. VISA. Me or OlSCOVtR accepted. Prien
398 NE 38th si. Ft. Lauderdale. FL 33334 & a pec if~1iorw Rltljecl 10 change I"ilhoul reece or obligalion.
MAX232 2.30
1483 . . . . .. .. .45 5 51202 O, eo d ".. 2 .25
1489 . . .. . .. .45 8810 D, cod,r 2.25
OB25-(Solde' Cup) Mlf 2/1.00 5087 G, ntf. lor 2.00 v"-' $69 95
~~v'"
DB25 Rt. Anilit PC 8 0 . F . . .55 5089 Gentr,tor 2.10
DBIloAL An I PC BD MIF 35
FANS THE 525 NETWORK G ASSUIBLU ' Tn'eo
... 00 U.1oO I M1PPI",a
I M"''''D( I'''a
12VDC B' lIt hlt.. 1ry Ttl' h I Truly Low Co" LAN
Manu l.cl Uf.d by Com monwu m. Co nnl ct 2 0' 3 PC" XTI , ATt
Mod I ' FP 1080-1 Blad" U. .. ..,I el port . end 5 wi, .
8" WI.. Lu dl ' 150MA eeblt A VeRY powe RFUL AND AMAZING sp e eC H CARD. USES THE
3'10" Squ a r , " Th lc ~ .R un, ,' l 15 K b. \ld GENERAL INSTRUMENTS 5?02S6-AL2 SPEECH CHIP AND THE
Thl. l ilt c om monly us.d In . Run. In backoround. 10lall, CTS2S6AAL2 TEIT TO S PEECH CONVE RTER.
compul.' pow" lupplln. ''' '' I p.., nl THIS BOARD USES ONE SLOT ON THE MOTHERBOARD AND
$6.95 n. Sharf .ny oH'olcot , any lilt . t " y REQUIRES A COMSERIALPORT. BOARD MAY ALSO BE USED IN A
__
Um e STANOALONE ENVIRONMENT (EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY ) WITH
O
o N H dl on ly 14K o r ram ALMOST ANY COMPUTER THAT HAS A RS232 S ERIAL PORT. TO
_-
Shpll U I: W. m. h b t//ln,, / USE THE BOARD IT IS ONLYNECESSARV TO S ENDENGLISH TEXT
FLA T PAN EL LCD TO THE RS232 INPUT ON THE BOARD. THE BOARD INCLUDES A
GRA PHIC DISPLA Y 1500 BYTE TEXT BUFFIE R AND HAN DSHAKE LINE TO ALLOW YOU
.. _ ..-_.- _ ...
EPSOM EG-7 ~S"' A
......... TO SEND DATATO THE BOARO; THE SAME AS YO U WOULDSENO
_
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.... ....... 1 _
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10' _ "."
c.. .... ..
...... _ ' _I" I'<' L
~
..........._
.... CNIT _ ,,_
... DATA TO AN RS232 SIE RIAL PRINTER. YOU CAN SIET UP BATCH
FILES THAT WIL L MAKE YOU R COMPUTER GREIET YOU WITH
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$t.18 e.. ,8!SU 5, 1001$15.00
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2101-1 - 256X4 SOO n.' . . . .75
We bought a la rge q uan llty 01
27081. 2716. . 25321, 27321.
.... . 21L02 1 350 n.l . .65
."." 27641, 2712 61. 272561 and
_
LSOO l S114 .25 l S241 .60 O... UI'C " 00' "" ''''1'
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".
LS01 LS1 22 .35 l S242 .65 .. . ... .. . . 001 U "
LS02
."." l S123 .45 l S243 .50
2111 1 256X4 500 n.l . . 1,00 lac lurer who , edes lgned l h ~lr
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LS03 LS124 1.35 LS 244 .55 0_ . _ " , .
LS04
."." l S125 .30 1924S .55 10_ ,
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them, and now W ~ eue e lhe sav -
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l S05 l S126 .35 LS 251 .45 2125A-2 lKX1 70 n.' 1.70
" Ing. 10 you. Complel e sa lillac
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LS08 LS132 .35 LS 253 .40 2147 4KXl ... .. . . . . . . 1.95
LS09 LS257 .35
CULCII ..... coon CAJlQI 6116P-4 ...... . . . . . . 1.00 lion gu nlee d.
LS133 .25 ..."...,(....u _ 1'\ .... ... c.u Your Ch oice
LS10 LS136 .2& LS258 .45 6117 . . . . .... 1.20
LSll
LS12
LS13
.".ae
.35
LS138 .35
LS1 39 .35
LS2591.00
LS260 .40
I
l ow P, ollle SOLDER TAll
6264. 15 . .. . . 1.40
62256 32KX8 . .. . . . 5.75
2708 . . . . . . 1.20 10/8.00
2716 . . .. 1.75 10/1 5.00
2532 .00 10/ 17.50
LS U5 .75 LS266 .30 2732 2.00 10/ 17.50
LSU .30 LS U &.35 l S213 .75 6 PIn 14/1 .00 I
8 PIn 13/ 1.00 2764 . .. . . . . . . .00 10/ 17.50
LS15 .20 l S151 .35 LS219 .30
LS 20
."
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LS153 .35 l S260 .60 14 Pin
16 Pin
13/1 .00
13/1 .00
2108-4 8KXl . ... . . . . . . . 1.50
2118.4 16KX1.5 VoU . . . . 70
27128 . . .. . . 3.00 10/2 5.00
27256 . . ... . . 3.50 10/30.00
-
LS 21 LS154 .85 LS263 .35 40274KX1250 n . . . .80 4.75
LS 22 .16 LS155 .50 l S290 .70 18 Pin 13/1 .00 27512 ]j~iil~ri'~0/40.00
LS 2&
LS21 ."
.20
LS156 .42
LS157 .30
LS293 .50
LS29&.65
20 Pin
22 PIn
13/1 .00
13/ 1.00
4116-16KX1-250 n.l . . . .40
4116-16KX1 200 n.s. .75 :11 1 : 1 1 11
~'-
l5n
l S30 .,.
.15 LS158 .25
LS160 .25
LS2991.00
LS322 '-3<'
24 PIn
28 Pin
8/1 .00
711.00
4116 16KX11 50 n.I . .90
4164 150 n.. . . .49 0' 9/3 .50 8031 2.115
80C32 " 3.95
8251
82535
1.10
1.75
LS32
LS33
LS37
."
.25
.24
LS161 .35
LS162 .45
LS163 .36
1.S3232.2S
LS348 .75
l S3S31.00
40 Pin
OUY $10
7/ 1.00
GET $1.00 . FREE CHOICE
4164 120 n.l . . . . . 1.10
4164 100 n.I . . . . . . . . 1.40
TMS4416-16KX4-150 n .l . 2.75
8035
8039
8085
1.00
1.00
1.55
8254
6255
1.80
1.50
8255 5 1.75
lS38 .24 LS184 .45 LS357 .60 68 Pin PLCC .79 4464-150 n. . . . . . . . . . . . 1.40 8086 1.55 8257 1.50
l S42 .35 LS165 .60 LS363 .75 84 Pin PLC C .89 4464 120 n.I . . . . . . . . . . . 1.45 8087 87.50 8259A 1.85
l S51 .15 l S16 6 .75 l S364 .75 4464_1 00 n.I . . . . . .. . . . 1.45 8087 1 187.50 8259C 5 2.10
LS54 .20 LS169 .90 lS365 .30 6500/6800 4464-80 n.I . . . . . . . . 1.45 8067 2 127.50 8275 10.95
LS55 .20 LS170 .45 LS366 .28 41256150 n.l . . 1.25 or 9/9 .95 8088 2.20 8279 2.25
LS73 .30 LS173 .60 lS367 .35 6502 ' 00 6821 1.00 412581 20 n .l . 1.30 or 9/10.99 8088- 2 3.25 8284 1.49
LS74 .22 LS174 .35 LS368 .30 6520 1.25 6845P 2.20 41256 100 n.' . 1.30 0' 9/10.99 8155 2.25 8286 3.50
LS75 .25 LS175 .35 LS373 .50 6522 2.70 68455 2.20 41256-80 n . . . 1.30 or 9/10.99 8156 2.25 62&7 2..49
LS83 .30 L.S181 1.25 LS374 .45 6530 '.00 6850 1.75 41256 60 n.. . . . . . . . . . . 1,8<;' 8202A 8.00 82&8 3.50
LS"
LS&6
.es
.20
LS191 .45
LS192 .65
l S375 .35
l S377 .75
6532
65 45
4.25
2.10
6852
6860
3.50
3.95
1 M ~g _ 100 n.l . . . . . 4.40 8212
8214
1.25
2.00
8530
8741
3.00
7,00
1 M ~g 80 n.l . , . . . . . . . 4.40
LS90 .35 LS193 .65 LS378 .80 6551 2.40 6868 1 3.00 8216 1.25 8742 7.00
l S9 2 .30 l S194 .40 l S390 .80 41425660 n.l . 256.4 ... 4.60
6800 1.40 68A09EP 1.29 SIPPS & SIMMS AVA il ABLE 8224 1.25 8748 7.00
LS93 .25 l S195 .52 l S393 .75 6802 2.50 68A40 4.00 8228 1.75 8749 7.00
l S95 .ac l S196 .55 LS3991.00 6803 3.00 68A54 3.00 THREE CHIP SET 8237 5 2.60 8755 1.00
l S96 .30 LS 197 .75 LS5411 .20 6805 2.95 68 B09 4.00 8243 1.75 60286-8 Pl CC 8.50
l S107 .28 lS221 .50 LSll45 ,75 6609EP 2.75 680 10 2.00 B.G S PECIAL ease 2.8560287 8 125.00
LS109 .20 l S240 .50 LS646 .75 6.50 60267. 10 135.00
, LS112
S113
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LS670 .80
6809 P
6810
2.50
1.25
5'0 45
688 54
4.95
4.00
16450. 1488. 1t89 - $6.95
16550.1 488. 1489 _ $13 50 1 !
' 6450
16550 13.00 V2ll-10MHZ 6.50
TERMS: tUnI." spKiIi~ eluwhef. l Add $1 25 pol l.ge. _ pat bol. nce. Ordefs 0".,. SSO.OIl add es c lor lnsu.ance. No C.O.D. T~U 5 Ru . add
B'I,.,. Tn . 90 Di<t Money 6.lck G....r.nlee on all llems . Allitems sub jecl lo prlo. u le. P, lces l ubjKl lo c hllng~ wilhoul nolice. Fo,elgn Co.der - U5 lund's
only. We cannol sh,p to Me. lco o. P...""IO Rico. Cou nlries other th.n C. nad . add S9.00 shipping and h.ndllng.
I
13406 Saticoy Street
(818) 787-3334
(800) 2356222
FAX (818) 7874732
No. Hollywood, CA 91605
I.R.
TANI(
PERISCOPE
Typ<> M H. ll ultltO'd
mill' y e o n \l ,,,e
lin n . Con' . ' n .. '->
A.C. POWER SUPPl Ind .. p .. n d .. n l.n .
STACO MODEL El0 10VA , O'd Im.Il" c o n
Th h u nil h .. h "" n d ... ig n .. d . n d co n. ' - 1... lu h .. . pI .
lJucl<'d '0' '.I.
. Igo rou.. ind u . .. eI..... room
1'''''''''
HI' J J1A DISTORTIO N ANAlYlfR
C........ 5 H z ' obOO kH z nll " .nd m u ..... p" .m
co""<;" o n I.. n
nd ...,.,p ie<:.... . Th .. binlKu la, .. I
.
'"'!1,i
O ' 1.""".l u . y . p p lic. llon . Th .. .,,,
51
. r.. br. nd n""". Cu.... n l liS! p ric..
. 5 p"e iliCA h o n .. : In p u l : 120 VAC
1' >1. 1d, stor l,on d own 10 0 .1% ' u ll ><. 1 H
mon ic .. . ' .. in dlCAle d u p 10 1 MH,. Mf-
su,," no,..... "-" ZSj<......nd ....,11.11....
ln g 'Y1o m i. d ilt'<1ly conn ed.-d 10
! yp<' p,, , iocope' . The i..... lle ' .. hn h
fYm ,c IlKu" pwided b y .. b u ill l n .. diU" . '
I, m .
d r-
so. lIZ. O utp u l: 6-120 VAG to . m ps. In eywo .... id .. , .. n il" . JOO .. V ' 0 lOll V R/\,I S lull bl .. ...,1I.1l" d, ..d .... Th i. un ll ..-qu .. .. . 10 ' 0
d ud.... m . n u .1 ......1" och "'....tics . f .... u."...:
Amm".", . ....lIm .. I " c o n _ n ; e.. o U I I~. ..,..1.. . ' q u" ncy ulih lion .accu ...,. i . >- IS I<V .I "-" c u , ....,! ' or ope', . lion . Un. bl"
"S'I:. h SH, 10 lOll kH z ; >- ,,1(J'l:.. I""", 10 . .. pply p""'" s u pply. 'Oi......... Ioo ., Ill"
~ . Ind;CA' O, . nd ci rc u it b. " . ~ _o;..... n -
..io n : 10" " I S' " 6". ' ''''' 'Ilht: 22 lb . )l)(I '0 'iOO . Hz . a...ic vol' .....' ... .oceu ...,. i .. high " .,.,.,.;d e " " 11'" Ih ick . '~i ghl11 I b 'J
"2'1:. . Prier. $~s.oO "01"" . _ O P 'lOO1 PrIce' $200 .00
Prier. $1" 5.110
PAIR PAIR
EIMAC E1MAC EIMAC
4CX250B 4CX3500OC 4-400A
Price: $150.00 Price: $4,800.00 Price: $250.00
II
~ '2011'.'OC b . ~= ~~~
Knan F't'JlOglaPrt
WlI8Iess Energy Trart$II'l$SlOll
SHK IKM Easy To A..embll Eledtonic KIt . S2t.so
,
...... """
~ Gene!abOtl
~~~~
HVM7K CotlIpIIle S)'Slem KltPlans . sm.so
[1" '11)))
.._.
Tew: r.... Coil Only' IOlPlans S99.so
l1 ~UAC W.Udlpllr tor 115AC
~
cltoQ LJ twne \'ifIWt
CIlIfClIea stIDI:k . _ d . . . . ~ ICCUSl:C
""", ,,,,,,,, ",,- ...... ~
Spectacvlar I'G1 PlIns sam 1PG1X KIt I PlW $49..50
A Real Attention Getter! IPG10 AssImtIItd S74.$ll
2SO,OlXI Volt.l 710' Slarts !
Energy evfIl pwes ttv ough
Homing I Tracking Transmitter.
'IrIndoWs. GIM' tor Idence
projlct.. dispbyt, tdveftislng. BeepercIeW::e. 3 "*
fN98.
HOD1 Plans SID.oG HOD1KKIU'I,n. $19.50
Hogttr spectaCulaI dlM:es ~
I'iStble, Il.d!tlle bolts o!Iiglltrmg
appearll"lg 10 ftash Inthe a~, Causes Listen Thru Walls, Floors
Highly sensilove , teltlosalpemil<e
certain malenals 10 bum from Wl\t"jn aflll glow, Lights
Sl'E1Hl Plan, 58.00 STE1li lK KIL'Plan. S44.50
"laser Bounce" listener System
butbs wrthoul wues, prfIduces irOJction f.elds, 51 Elmo's allows you 10 !lear SOYnds !rom anarea l'iaa ue beam
filt COIOfla Clea~y (lemorlslrat&S tigh frequercy high rellecled ~orn awirdow orol!ler S;rnilar obje(;l, Syslem
1'Olle0&S 'f91 lllfminal mey be louched byuser during
operil\lOll wM a metal object 115VAC operation only
3 Mile FM Wireless r" D
"' . . uses Olt leady,o- uli8lATR1 LlIS6f TerminalOl gun SIle
asthe lransmtter. Therecei'ler secloon is supplied as
8TC3 Plans . , SI5.00 8TC3K KIt'Plan. sm.so
Mike . Submlnl6lurel aneasyto-builcllul, iI'd..dnO (lYl' MhionedHSI 0
BTC30 A. sembled.rId Tested .' . ,. ' 5391.50
ClystaJ d8a! .lAtr a~ ~ Order' WST2If SySlIffll, Includel011'
pickl.cI trans.'IlII$ YOiCe5 and sourcs LAni l RNdyliHJ.. Luer Gun Site, LLR1II: SpeeiaI
10 FJ.l r:l. EJOIJllerll &8CUI1Iy Sy$lHll. warns 01
~
ReceIYIt 101, and HSIO HeIdsel, all lor ontr~.so
Plasma _" ~ ~ 8ealrnll)'W~~jDck6y1
Fire Saber ~ ~~ .~.S7= AolV1 K KIlPlant , m5Q
zS :=--
Proc1as tNI ~ e!Iecl: lNl carued Illt tarus,
Telephone Transmitter 3 Miles!
~ bl5/TIlS belli $IdIl$ 01 a IllIep'"clnt
at IT'IkIre of II'I(WI8 bn$. Yl$bilI p.asma tielll lS ~ 10~ FM radiO. T\Irl3tIllI F~
eottroIed by ~ ~ d q..sl$ $abet Ierv.P'l Urde!~ on P!I:lnt E~ 10 lW:l .. Use See InThe Dark Viewing
fI'l'WlUlIt ri'arId
[)eo,u _
ktNe ~ .., proct.lce5 weord .. txurre e/!ect$. Up10 3 Uit Rr9t cw,. h'l$Il'Il$ ct.rn;I phone 1M
ExceIert b' ~ eIleas. ~ P"*'" ~. ~ VWPU7 PIIns 51.00 VWPU1J(
EIee'M
KIlP!anl $3i.SO _.-
~ lot IHIlg n tU \
......... ...... ...... -
Pm PIIns $8.OllPFS2KKitP\lll. $oIi.50
JI1i!)\i)
WII ra agne,.lc lot low cost nr;tt
S(*lIl on., PFS20 ~ reg $89'", ~,.so . (ij) Coil Gun 'Mion.afrOng WIth obWYing
--=:;.~.:~~MWa 0 ~
Lasers a"4 0ltIII' IR ~
FLJ'1dIOr. ""'" many usetIA~ _
Solar Power Devices SD5 PlIns . . . . .. ... .
&lid I IetlCll sro:;.,... $(11MmoID'. IiQIt. b.Ig lallPI'. ball Beo:me pari cI and perhaps S05K Kit I Tutt I PlaIlI
(f)
c:I\af08I.elC- SOl1 4'". 2 Amp CelI w l'Llns sa.5O lXlltrb:JletettJs ~lQ!tlg I'WlW ~ oI '/ll801Pl1fV)' ~ GPV10 ReIdy 10lIM Y_ .
SOLl 6Ilr, 14VCe/lw'Pllns ........
$7.50 EM12P1anI ...... sa.oo EM12KKIlPlans S99.5O 6ID2A Tubt t Plan. 10 build)'OUl' OM! ...
INFORMATION UNLIMITED Order by Ma:l,
Dept RES12, Box 716, Amherst, NH 03031
~
with InMlf 11I011 .....1
or by 24 Hour
FREEwhh Order, OrdersOnly Phone:
Phone: 603-673-4730 FAX 603-672-5406
MC, VISA, coo, Cheekl ~. Ple.se Add Ss.OO Shipping 6 HlNlIlng Or Send $1 P&H ~ 800-221-1705
GOAlS
reeHomeAutomation Mug ""fl. WaIl Swttch Module
Free Home Automation T-$hlrt :1t,,: Keychain control of anything!
~"-'-glI"".,.,..."",",dS1* ... ...,..r GII_ grMI gdI _ . - y ord SI99 ...
" R~I.e n ,. 1on; 11 '."ell. ~byu.-.lI'liI;b-OCIII RF""1s
0.. b ~!rIIIHy 1:noMd".... """'''''''' mc:ote! UmitIKlIKllbon...._ il S. I.l. L XL
ConIroII ~ IighIs l4' 1O !loOO _tor_ccnlroIoIyour""",prcjeCl..
~<%IIee..-.OrdotHCC71 1 1.l <Jor"-t rurt>er HCC-7 11S , toorne and car IIlann. eat dooo'locl<s. _
}'OUt
W. n max. Ivory oalor bun"". Only
830 rnodulM . - lor II'liI; p<OmCI . _ X 10rnocUM (_lIddDondHCC~X
10 "-1Iuh ModuIa)! $el sea.nv oocIa QIl
SlWIIIJON'L. I
Brand New! One-For-AI/12 110 0t0ar now! By
l.in'II18. HCC-2"75.
HC:C2<l76
V
3-w.y SrR:1IS-;lPM) (:N,V'12'l
_nl_. ~ ~l10"""""
~ nl ,.,...,. ..cty tor . . . . . et:INJt1
~
R "' N S I.l I TT E R ;. Tifty klye"l ift
Lets You Control XIOand Infrared from one remote! _ _ IS lIR'fO.'l . hI.lI the
_~ E~ hasjull
ccra'OI, ....." " " _ 1Il.dol... _.,..,.e-. be~ l4'_"" Now Edition! Automation Book " 1 1;1\1 I "'.'el\b,u l
01
~ _
--u
1111 0na-F0r.A,I
_
lOI.Chol. *"iJllloIy' sa.. _ & _ ....' 'HcJorllO ""*'"- VCU_ l"I'o ...l a.ldol. T........m.. I\u IwO but1"".
12. e.d
XIO eomp.titIlel c.amt.. _ ... HCC-3OOO ~ ~... ~sc-c. IRIOO e~'_";;~O"'lIOo:tw...-l_ Z. ~"""'
in ... orotId. 0.-1'..... 12 npIIcw 12 ol Ona-For..... Con'wfwIdc...r 101 CCI'Ct'OI 01.,.,... c.... e.aronc
your .-.,g . - 101 TVa. IICRa. e - 1Iome~ ~ -'NO Xl 0 0iWicell
~ 0r0"I INK. I
~~\4I1IO~ "'''''
--
~. ThiII~_ ........... :!nCI RECEIVER: Bo&rd .....
Bo>:... co....... ~ s - . - . ~ .lull Un .... """"*-' HCC3lXlO t o r _ ....... ~ _ ~ ISO PIOI'S "e"Y.. m...u".
and mc:ote! lie-. _ COfllJ'Dl Xl 0 ......u.&!
con lrol 01 you --:-;:-_ _ ......._ _ ...... , 2$ ~ r\1I. l l ~ .pp,o> 3 ' .qu.,,' -" 'If/'
The Ona-ForAI 12 ...... 321( " " " " " y - ..........
~- Roco"'._R19 '2t ~ ~ L. I -.0- RIQt.- _1l4'PI1 018
IOh VOCOl 1210 18 VM;.. Tooo
c:orotan 1111 -.orld'. IatgMIItnIy 01 ~
codMl In Iact.... ~ 11110 COIllidIwI: Cl&liIPbtetwro* 1_ 21.... _ . . . . " l4'110
It\al )'OU' COI'I'\PO"II'" ..1 1'1<:1 _ _ ... 3OO""'.18VOC_1Ogl'CU'Wt o..:Iy
C1llfIlIjNd inII'oe One-FOIAl I2'. """"'"'Y If>lIl -Nlap.-~"""
........-..g.DCX.Q.EyOURUONEYBACK HCC-RF I RF lft, SIl ~ u-mon..,
GlJARANTEE! (~HCC e-... SiIrvil C< _ . _ OHlV I39'"/
~~""""'doUoIIl HCC-RFX E . . n _ ONLV I 1" ,
Cl--. \lUI I!IQI graoaI ......., ~-.. b"X'!OClOMOL 11
Pn>v;da. ""t ~ - . s-. FFE_ -.
Ona............. _01_r.
T....... !u'lcbon 5nlpIa SIl-..p
l\uI1on S.,.." CorIroI' "-- . '4..
tu.CKA"S 9OfolUS: GlIl.
_ _ HCCAF l _ kIlal HCC ~
-- ..
1od _ ~, 0r0. _H(;C.71 1R.
X-l0 Development K It ~.lf4 ;
... _
_1Wpu.'~
' TGI-f"_ CQrl.
u..10~ 'f'NI_ f'C..OaMd.......,.~
(by.....aea-.rrxhargII) ___---..,- ......-.
""""
--
l9* s . . . . . - n l _ ~
l_I O..
_IRh_l l l a_
al_
dIciIicns baMd ......... oro'oIl--. ~
lad1no1og-y.. . _ , be- I\cIrnI conIroI ayaam _ IF.mE N IogC.
_ 1~ "*"'1/ Add Stanley . . -
~IO"'I'*"~"_~
OwooIopI.'~II~baMd(a
nat ... pc6"IJ _ ~ ~ IInry
_ - . d ...... ~lOUIWoocIa
u.. ..rtl PC 10 Inf~ 1rI~_10 drtIlop
....-...OItIiclI~_aulcImabon_
__ ~ IOUI'* oocIa.
I bAl\Wy bIdo-<Cl. Ha)'IS CI\ronc>gqpI'I dod<
llCI\nCal " ' 01<1111 anCI doocum4onllhOlI .
Requires t;:IM-F.... ,.. ... 1.conuuI _ _ ncalerClr~ ...""'"'9aarnplBo,
canIrI>l and lBI<l 01 compa1Clla -..puler WI!tI .......... halp .~-..-...h"" . ' f,.
...... pOlI H(;C.PCIR ONLY $41'/ ~1-:::" ONLYSS59 :!.If'/
VACUUM TUBE DEALER PRICE LIST Apr. '92
S OVTE K~, RUSSIA
5U4G $5.25 each . 12 at $4.75 each 25 at $4.25 each
12AX7WAJ7025. 4.35 . . . .. . . 3.75 . 3.60
6922 (militaryGOJB). . . . . . . . . . . . 6.75 _... 5.90 5.20
EL84/6B05 2.90 .. 2.60 2.25
El84M!6BOSWA .. 5.80 . . . 5.20 . 4.50
6V6GT 4.25 . . 3.50 3.20
6L6GC .. . 3.50 . 2.95 2.60 50 CAll FORSPOT QUOTE
58a 116l6WGC 6.75 .. 6.20 .. 5.75 100 CALl FORSPOTOUOTE
The 58 8 1 is Russia', select 9d military GL6WGC a nd is reg ard ed as the v ery best GL6 type In tho world. Eric elaplon reca ntly
replaced the PhilipsJSylv ania Gl6 STR's in tho cu stom Soldano amp which he uses live , with SOVTEK'!l 5B81's because of their
milky smooth so und. Discr iminating mus icians thruout the world ate retubing with Ihe SOVTEKo!I588 1I6L6WGC.
SINO, CHINA
5U4G
El.34
$4.90 e ach
5.25 ..
.. 10 at $4.25 Qach
4.80 .
25 at $3.95 e ach
4.25 . .
100 CAlL FOR SPOT auoTE
TESLA , CZECHOSLOVAKIA
El.34 . $7.25 e ach 10 at $6.75 each 25 at $6.20 each 100 CAlL FOR SPOTOUOTE
E1.34Bl (COBALT Bl UE) ..... 7.95 7.45 6.90
Ea 3CC/12AX7a 5.90 5.35 4.95
GE, USA
5U4GB $ 12.50 each 10al $1 1.60 each 6550a $19 .95 each 10 at $18.25 Qacl'1
6CA7JEl 34 15.75 . 14.25 7025 . . . 13.50 .. 11.75
6l 6GC 14.95 . 13 .50 7027a . 17.2 5 . . .. . 16.50
6l F6 19.25 ,. 17.5 0 759 1a 15.50 13.75
12BH7a 9.95 ... 8,75 7868 .. 17.00 16.40
12AT7 .8 5 .. 6.30 8417 15.8 5 . 14.75
SOLID STAT E RECTIFIER
Built into lube socket. Diracl plugin re place me nt lor al15Y3, 5U4 and 5AR4 types. $6. 25 each 10 at $5.90
ODD BALL TUBE S (MOSTLY USA STOCK)
4CX350A $69 .00 each 6AX5 $4.90 each 6J5 $4.50 each 6X4 $3.90 each 61a9W $4.15 each
5AR4 7.95 68AS 1.95 6J7 5.50 6X5 3.90 (12AU7W industrial)
5V4GT 4.20 6BK11 6.90 6K11 6.90 6X8 2.90 6267JEF86 3.20
5Y3GT 3.95 6C4 ... 3.50 6SC7 6.90 12AY7 5.95 6973 . . 14.90
6ALS 2.40 6C10 6.90 6SG7 3.50 12AZ7 4.50 7199 ... 17.80
6ANS 5.50 SCM . 3.90 6SJ7 4.50 120 W7 14.90 7247 . . . . 14.90
6AOSA 4.60 6007 . 6.90 6SK7 2.90 12F08 8.00 0A2 .. . 3.75
6ACa 5.85 6EU7 .. 11.80 6S L7 3.95 5749 _ 2.90 OAJ : 2.25
6AS7 4.50 6FHS . 12.50 6SN7 3.95 (6BA6W indus lriaJ) 082 2.25
e-., 6AU6 2.25 rows 6.9 0 6U10 4.90 5879 . 8.50 0C3 . 3.75
ll! GIVE US A CAll ON ANY TOUGH T().GET TUBES. WEli FIND THEM FOR YOU!
1I
MA TCHING A VAILABLE ON ALL OCTAL POWER TUBES 65c extra per tUbe.
"PLATINUM" MA TCHING ALSO AVAILABLE WITH 24 HOUR
TEST AND BURNIN, ENSURING PREMIUM MATCH. PAIRS OR QUADS $2.00 extra per tube.
MINIM UM ORDER $50.00
ADD 55.00 SHIPPING (5 10.00 OUTSIDE UNITED STATES)
SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO:
i
w
NEW SENSOR CORPORATION
133FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10003
CONTACT: MIKE MATTHEWS TELEPHONE: (212) 5290466 TOLL FREE: 180o-63354n FAX: (212) 529-0486
CIRCLE 2SI ~ fREE INfOR .....TlOfoI CARD
60'20
FIELD SERVICE KIT
TN L-wo FIt4ds-a
I(Cpotnnb~~
111"""""""""',-",011'
--~
1OCIl7 . 2"_ ,~
"""-.
_-..s.'5"~
l-.gorom _ _ dip.
,
..., No. 51O-OOO1F
.... -
5 1/4 " 1.2MB FLOPPY ___
tnoIl!ll'" _j_ l ~ Req ..... an 1>l,,,,,,I I2VDC
N o,tepa.
....
DISK DRIVE
"-
SCHOOL BUS
ALERT
s AddU
PIO
250 units
P8flNo.I5Oo01_ $18 .95 0a .
.
0 __ .
11>:1.. lCa- II[ 2114' ~ 80.
~ ISOllIi32 ~
15C10110W-..&OCI
$a,lIQN~~ 1 &32 .3'.' Slaaood ~
MS-DOS VER 3.30 .01/G WBASIC lMg. TRANS Aol.ERT 2000, INC S 95 IlOO&':12 lC1fT $<IllOod ser-.. ,~~~
Ho. ~ 9. " !oOO Iv.J2
wDl_
Scr-.
.. _-
OE... VEASIOf<l 3 :n01 Ha an l la' SIc:oocl
E~ ~ Mon6sIo< Iclf P.... ea. FREE SQIWOI'JVER KIT,
_ _ &lOI( .... fI03&Il--.,.
Pm!~. c.:r... "''''
Encypl. .. Progt......
SCHOOL B US ALERT
P.... No.:J3O-OOS5F
t.3Q.OG V. I.... $14
95ea.
~5 1 /. ,3 1r.r ......
TRANSMITIER
A NGLED PROJECTIO N LENS
-~
No. m.3-" T'_ .. INI..........,.. 73.... x 5-718' X S'
pan
Mloc.alJon II) lI-.. _.....c. FlV>l ""vIed l _
SllKlN TRANSI.lITTH I ~Ior .......
MtoTRANS ALERT 2000 FlMr~TVI,
""' ............
_""~"""'Il:ltICIIl_ l O2lm'l FocallMiglll.
P M No . 6IQ..t.404F
W<GIaII_ ~ Fcoc:usrog
INFRARED REMOTE Mlg byUB Pr-.onl-.o....TT.()C $9 , 95.
" If! No. 640--0001F .....
AlC SWITCH
lAlt you 1I,On ....'ol'l ......
TI 99 K EYBOA RD ~. .. ,
~ " , _,2tN
Iot!gBy STACIU'OlE
_ ' * ' ! ) MIR I."IJ P"l 103ll011l-l .
~ .T~.
oNdl!l'CWl'l loll'" 2S"__ "'~ Great
IWlNo. _~lo1F
2Pl1"11 ~ 14
~.Wbal*y Buy ggcea.
.........
5.6 CABLE TIES (REO) ~
__
,,"" fI'lTl-S1-U2 ..--
"'"'" ~ 1t.s.23 I110
-
$15 00 (per 1000 )
Dt;o. 1U '
._
_ .. ,-,-.-, -
""" No. ~O-Ol'illF
--_
.."" ........
."""'-... ...
_.. ...""-. - . .._""'"
----"'-,
__ C'<,"_"""""
l I _ .... TO~ .....
- -.__..__....._---
------
"_
$20.00 M in imum Or de r
r _ _ . . ?? .";.~R~.
~ 0 1am a Sa te llite System Owner
~ 0 1am p la nning a purchase of a Sate llite System
0 1am p la nning an upgra d e to m y e xisting System
:0 Please send me a 1992 Satellile Buyers Guide Please add my fliends' nome 10 Ihema il lisl:
: Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Name . . . . . . ..
.. Address Address :
: City. State. Zip . . City. State. Zip .
: Telephon e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Teleph one .
:Mail to: DBS Satellite, 23 16 Channel Dr., Ventura, Ca . 93003
CIRCLE 2lIlI ON fREE IHFOAl,lATlOH CARO
FREE tf/fll: Satellite TV
Catalog/Buyers Guide DRAKE
1524
(Ask for Domsstic(56 psge) or Intllm8tionsl(16 page) versIon)
Comp lete Systems Parts Factory Fruh . ---
~l
Upgrades
2ft to 24ft Dishes
Acce ssories
Major Brands
USA Warranty
Fast Delivery
-
- -
. . -
---.-..--.----
-.
~
_ ~~..~ ~ .~:~- ,_ ._~ ~ :~.~ diIh.'''ignmenl d a (h h t1aI t'u ~ I'IIOY8d REDUCED/
by wn:l, !roll heave s eIC..Q'll you right on the
~ ~~~J~m sat et'llI belt !Dr lhI bill! posll ble pi:tl.rn l -; LNBs
18'~11
2.. ~XL b8/l
ACTUATORS
S&H Sl ..
""
...,,. "- Phonel )
2'"
51'
v.nu.
JGS
acme
oc:me 22
".
,>8
~
Coiled Pow er Exle nslon
6 h Brldrn . Cullfotrn"".b1.
cru'./ 1.1""11,,,," I l"nn ....
~ J:r!1fllJ7 71lIJr;DJffi
' CC-PWXC
Surge Prol ec tOi"
6Dull.. 1'o..... / Mod....
~ I /Rfl pral...,,,, w /lndlcllot ,
Ad aptef
GENERAL RADIOTELEPHONE
OPERATOR LICENSE
Your Job Opporwnily "Tacket-
For years, the Commercial FCC license has been highly sought-
after by many technicians and required by numerous employers.
T he General Radiotelephone Operator License has come to be
known as the most HIGHLY RESPECTED "ticket- in the field
of electronics. For many, it has been the KEY tcjob advancement
and higher pay. Many companicsoffcr immediate pay raises by
simply passing the license exam. Oth er companies requi re the
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CIRCLE 24.1ON FRE E ,,,,fO, no' AnoN CARD
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Everything you Mild to recharge toner car ~
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'PROGRAMMING INTEL PERIPHERAl.S
recharg e bu sin oss or just f och lllgll y our o w n co rt rid ges. ,...
' MICROCOMPUTERDESIGN &. ASS EMBI.Y
Mlldl4 R H:harg e Kil'llSUllplieo; Deolel'll Plea\t CaD
FEATURES: ' MONITOR O.S. SOFTWAREINEPROM
TR]OO Rec:hargl! Kit forex type laocr I'rinlof cRginN. $21.95
TR lO! Rec:h.Irge Kit fOC' SX type Jalel prilllcr engiroe. . $26..30 'OVER 100 PAGE SELF INSTRUCTION MANUAl
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~
Adapters available fo r 8748, 49, 51,751 ,
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Dl SCRlPTlCN NU DESCAIPTIQII m
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IF YOU NEED
ACONDUcrlVE LUBRICAN\
YOU NEED CONDUcroLUBt.
Conducto-Lube is an excellent lubricant which is highly
conductive because it contains pure silver. Conducto-Lube
was originally developed for use in high speed air blast
breakers to improve conduc-
tivity and lubrication. (Other
lubricants are often non-
conductive, even resistant.)
The uses ofConducto-Lube
continue to expand - from
switches and breakers, to
electronics and virtually any
application where a conduc-
tive lubricant is needed.
Conductivity Is demonstrated by inserting 115 VAC test prongs
into a container of Conducto-Lube and establishing a circuit. Photo
shows lowvoltage (115 VAC) continuity through a container.
ORDER FACfORY DIRECf
6OA45
I-L iI;c~;__ TECH-SYSTEMS
Visible Laser Diode Module
l-- 40m
m WE BUY AND SELL elECTRONIC TEST EaUIPMENT
--l .I SOO}43S.UI6 1 FieldS!. Avon,NJOn 17 lax:(908)n 4'1009
$4 50
Complete Helium Neon Laser $695
HP 8620C ma inframe .
From~ $995
HP 86408 S12mhz _ $2.595
HP 2OOCO oscillator
$495
$100
Ope rales on 1500v DC @ 4.5 10 6.0 mA. Cat. # BT-11
e
He Ne Laser Power Supplies --- HP 204 0'10 oscillator
HP 6518 oscillator
$195
$295
'0
Speci ficat ion HP 654A oscillator $525
Sheet
Included SPECIRUAIANALrzERS HP 32008 oscill ator S250
0
Tested , used Switching Power Supplies lor 110 4 mW He Ne HP 141r ma infram e.....$895 HP 5320 series cou nters from $195
Lasers. ope rates on 10 10 14 voe
a11.5 10 2 Amps. Output:
P 85528 IF eectlcn.....$895 HPS328A counter $395
1500 to 2000 vee @ 6.0 mA. B KV Start Vollage. Dimensions
are; 4.5" x 1.5" x 0.8", requires an external Heat Sink . Works P 85538 ().1 10m hz..$795 HP41 5ESWRmeler $195
great with Ihe lube above.
ill P8SS48 o- 1200mhZ$ 1,295 HP 3406A voltmeter S550
2! Cat. # LP5-1
P B5S5A D-18ghz.....S1.695 HP 400EL voltmeler $195
j C .O.O.'5 Welc ome . MinIm u m Order $25
FREE CATALOG P 8S568 2O-300khz $795 HP 432A pwr mtr\cable\rT'lount$395
o n th e s e a nd o t her r elare d items .
<iI ek 7L5 P1ug .in $2.850 HP 435A pwr mtr\cabre\mou
I mc~cLli'i:H nt;'i:~umc"'i:; ek 7L13 P1ug-in.......S2,900
MAtff.MO.BE1IEMSJH..SIOCK
~ 5035 N. 55th AVE., ' 5 1 PO. BOX 17241 GLENDALE, AZ 85301
~ PHONE: FAX: 10 DAY UNCO NDITIO NAL RLrrtJRN POLICY
~ L-....:6:.:0=-
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CIRCLE 252 ON FRE E ,"FOIIIIA'PON CARD CIRCLE 2n ON FREE INR)RUA'PON CAIID
6OM 6
MCM now has game conlroller rubber replacement pads lor the most popular
computer games onthe marten These pads replace commonly worn directional pad ,
A&B response pad arid select'start pad,
Game Boy Type (For One Game Boy)
#831570 Sl ~?gl 51 ~~_OlIl
Super NES Type(ForTwo Controls)
# 831575 s2fl991 52~lt Pl
SagaGenesis Type(ForTwoControls) ALSO NEWI
# 831580 51~1~91 51 ~1~'"Pl .-e.&DM A - VCR Service Cassette with
!~ ~. "G" Function
Game BilDrivers are used 10 remove
tamper-reslstent security screws lound
Inmany Japanese made consumer
electronics .
",- hex sitecan be used wilh a Slanl!ar~ ':,- hex nut
dnvelor most fechal~able scJtwclr~rs 1'Ii' Ienglh
[Ql
0#221145
Game Bit Drivers
Oulpcllo rmsthe etters Inquahly and performance!
Operates~II VHSmakes and mecers includingtne
new " 6" chassis, ttsow away youl oldjig and
updateyourVCR test bench With this highq ual ity
setvce cassette 10llay1
#32 3840 s14~~JI S1 3~;1 $1 2~!t ""l
Black anOOrztd stre!. Mallein USA The prices stlClwn reneer
Available InTwo Sizes: the latest inlormalion
3.Bmm Game Bit ayailable.
Used 10 lemove SIal sllape(\ SOOJnty screws lound
onmostNrntendO NESand Game Boycartfidges
To order, or to
# 22-1145 59~,5~1 ' s9~s~\Ill 1
4.5mm Game Bit
receive a FREE
Used 10 removestar shaped secunty scre ws lound #221150 MCM Catalog .. .
t!
the lm ov oltaic device. Current appl ied to the
deviee wlU produee heat on one l id e of the (314)427~1 1 6 100 mA. Gleal for any
device and a eold aurfaee on the other aid e. Also, c::HESAPAKE Oft ' SANDIEGO. CA ~1 2J requirement for en am p and
heat Of co ld applied to the device w ill produce a (619)27H802 apealeer. lnelude. mountin g
voltage. Ap proximately 1.17' x 1.17' x .12", th is = FEOEAAl Blvo. DENVEJI. 00 _ II bracket, con necto r kit, and
..
Ii!:Ii-II
little wond er II any hobbyist or exporl mente ~1 (303)458- 5444 hook-u p instru ctions.
ereem co me truell HOW IT WORKS : thelmal MA IL ORD ERS CALL TO LL-FREE
enelgy Is extracted Irom a regi on ther eby
l edu clng Ita temperature , then rejected to a
'h eatslnk' region of higher temperatu re.
1-80()..6S9-5810
ELECTRONICALLYSPEAXJNG,
GA7EWAY'S GOTIT 1
r - Cc5MPUFACTS - - - --:-\
DOCUMENTATION INCLUOEO!ll TIps, Tricks, Facts, and
Secrets for Resolving I
KBAN D FEED Software and Hardware - -
X-BA ND TRANSMmER KIT
HORN Problems I
$39.95 $34.95 ~ _
Great l or teating and eal ibrating rad ar l eeeiving $3,50 (new) A eomprehen sive, easy to read !L. i "lk' I
equIpment! Go w ild with the latest slal&-olth.
o
Aa u sed in radar eomputer tro ublO'$hootlng - I
art teehnolog y using tol lon PCB, mlero strlpli ne, d el oetoll end menu el that ean be uaed by pro/enlonala and I
su rfaee mou nted partll, and GaAe FErs to jamme rs. Id eal to nov lees ali ke . The Compufaets manual eontalns
prove to the w orld that it la po ssibl e l or a sm all d el lgn Into an ATV impo rtant l echn leal lnformatJon thet Ie needed I
package to d o big thing s... and talk ebout o eyetem, etc. when sON lclng eomputers. Th o 193 big p ages I
Imp rel8ive buzz word a! Tha X-band transmitte r aro full of faets, illu stration s, and a wealth 01
is Id eal l or to, tln g lo ng rang o X-ban d roeeiving Informe tio n besed on th e ' hand s-on' expo rience.
eq,ulpm ent ap ploximately 15 mW on 10 GHz A 01the author and othe r servlee technlcia na. You
Ii
with FM pul se modul ation. CA UTION: thte. also receiv e eeeees to the CO MPUFACTS on line
device w ill aetlYete radar detm ors up to 1 mile Bullet in eoa ,d System. Wrth e modem yo u can
away . I<lt eomes eomplet e w ith all pertll, co nnect to th is on line database to download
schemeuc, end 21/4' x 3-3/ 4' x " cab inetto
give your X-band trans mitter a p rofo$Sion al
d eviee drivers and jumper seffingl 01US and I
ollaholl' co mp uter products. Th e manual also
eppe erence. Operalo s l eatu'ea many manufaeW le~a tochnleal sup po rt I
Irom a sv battery (not
Ineluded)
and BBS ph on e numbers. Onee yecve got a I
eopy, yo u may wo nde r how you (and you r I
III '- eomp ute ever eurvfv ed wit hout it!ll . ,.
s">gIl! tSV
battery
LlIn<led SlOCk.
SUIlVEILLANCE/COUNTEIl SUIlVEILLANCE: 5549 '"f:UI' T NOT l"tClUOED"
I. Telephone upping. bugs. transmiucrs, receivers,
I
I Scramblers for Voice. Cellular. Phunt. FAX. Modems.
.- Tapping detectors. Bug detectors, Tactical Cameras. Voice I I.A. MINI NIGHT VIEWEA
I Dcsc ramblers, Night Vision Systems, CO\'cO Devices .
I
EncrYI' IL'1I. and Disgui sing s)'slcms.
A very small complele kit. IndUde5O[
bOth an adjustable tens ar>d an
ereeece. $.mple conslrlJC(l()Il
I
In51'UC1IOnS proviOed. Draws only ""_/ ..
I 25mA Irom the 'N baltery. I A \. ~
,llum,"atoon is ,equi'ed '" lhe da,., and ..... ~
I good ranges are pos$lble .....Ih lusl
medIum powered IOC;U!;S3b.fl lOfehes.
I l 'll ed wIth an 1 A. Mer K~ I'lclu<:les
I lhe I.A. tube. lens eyep'(l(:e.
eleclfonics lo ll alld the eaSll loll.
S 199
I
I
.PEIlSONAL SECUIlITY: A very smali lelescoplc mo nocular I,R
.- Caller ID Phone: Displays the caller Phone Number. VIewer, The assem bled scope has h igh :~;;ii~
.- Touch 'l'onc Decoder : Decod es and displays Pho ne No. No quality mlltla')' glade optics. and empl0y5
a prefocussed I A. Image converter tube
n..ecd for telepho ne company subscription. ThIs lube has a uselul response Irom 6QO.1300
I. Programmable Scanners: To p Quality scanners that can nM. Ihus also making 'I uselul when workong
.....lh I R. LEOs. and I R . lase, systems TIWI
I also rece ive car phones and conllc~~ phones . scope has ptOl/<SIOn tot a eoa.LiIl E HT
.- Voice Disguising tdephorlr!>: Nubod )' will recognize you r conneaoon . and 15 supp!oed w,lh POWef
voice, even your Mom. SUPPlY loll. llIal IN lu res a ready asserTtbleO
Inverter on a smaR PCB The power suppty
I- SO.OCXJ 1.50.OCXJ Volts Stun Guns, Immobilizing GUIb. e\l$lly IllS ItI!O a small plasIlC case. .nd can be
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15" pcl y WOCI/lf ~ and 2 pieCn each of 33, and 47ul . 2SOV
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,alMl ca~., 5 pieces each of t . 2.2, 3,3 . 7.
magnet and 2' buyoot d" ectly
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$ 80
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Switching Power Supplies 12.6 Vct2 Amp Xformer
W e sold out o f the se
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Insert biDinto m ule. ~/:O-~;fP
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12Vdc@l.OA switches were looks are nol importan t.
5 Vdc @ 6.0 A CATI fB]9 5 lor $1 .00
Regulatedswitching power supply.
7.7S X 4 25" X US- high
CAT' PS76 $20.00 e ach
-
ors . Requ ires a 9 vol t battery (no t included). AVAILABLE
CA T' PS50 $2 2,00 each
1-lJUU-lJ~D-5432
FAX (818) 7812653 INFORMATION (818) 904-0524
Minimum Order S10,00 All Orders Can Be Charged To Visa, Mastercard Or Discoverrard" Quantities Limited"
California. Add Sales Tax " Shipping And Handling $3.50 For the 48 Continental United srares ADOthers Including
Alaska. Hawai~ P.R. And Canada Must Pay FIJI Shif:J'ing " No C.O.D, Prices Subject to change without notice.
6OA60
We Sell QUALITY PARTS We Have DISCOUNT PRICES We Ship FAST
Premium quality metal tape in C-60 cassanos (30 or more per side) .
One of the rll'lest brand-name" lapes on the mart.et, in durable , d ear
p laslic Iransport mechanisms. Recon:le<l and bulk etased. the
B
recotdilrotaet tabs have been removed and therefore, need 10 be
taped over to re-record Audioph iles will appreciate the wide dynam ic range ol lhis tape.
II your ee ssene deck has a "me tal" IWlttingyou will hear the difference. A real bargain!
CAT#C-600M
10 lo r $10.00
$1.25each
CASSETIE STORAGE CASE
W e recontly received a load of lhasa Black. unbreakable plastic aucio
PC boards which co ntain, a mong o ther cassette'lOragocase.
_. .. -_.
lhiog s, a RF modulator. With a t Itle CAT#CBOX 5 for $1.00 100 lor $15.00
desoldering you should be able to
CABLE TIES
liberato a working unit korn the board.
Also contains a 7805T voltage regulator
~-
..... .....l _ , ~.
" .~
with a couple 01 heatsinks, 20 ICs, ea- ~~
.30
pacitors, resistors . dodos and connec-
tors. No hook-up inlomlation available
TR-400
TR0400B
m -eee "s-,. 30'"18 1bs
1S lbs
neu tral
blad<
nooll'al
1~16
1&16"
1112"
.3'
SO
$2 .50
$3 00
$4 00
$15.00
$17.50
S3000
on the modulator. e-
e- 30'"
TR-600B bla d< 1112" .SO $4 00 S3000
CAT#VMB1 S2.7Seach TR-800 SO," noo ll'al 1 3'4' .60 55.00 $40 .00
TR-800B e- SO,,, blad< 1 3'4' .7. $600 $5000
TRl1 00 ,," SO," noolral 3" .7. $6 00 $50 .00
SO,,, 3'
AGREATDEALon ,OAmp
TR1100B 11"
TR1S00 ,,"
Heavy-dJtj
SO,,,
b1ad<
nOOlral
1S' cable tie.
," .110
$1.00
$7.00
$6 00
$6000
$70.00
I
~
11" X 4" Glow Strip Powerful Magnet
11' X 4' eleclroluminesoenl
glow s trip. Greal lOfeo nlJoI
P. .. rlu'"""""""m
rare~rth magnet ([3
panel backlighting Of spedal
permanentlor
Originaly use in
magnet Style ~
A _
elleds Iighling. Openues ()(J
120 Vac. Salmon cobf.
e.e. mokm. IrregulaT shape. Applximate
9' long M e leads.
dimension: 1 1/4- x 3/4 ' x 112"" lhidL j.I-
WARNING Donl put your hand . ..
CAn G5-1100 be fwgen magn9t and metal objects.
$5.25 each
""'~CI!!!An MAG2 $7.50'.i.c~n. .~ Style C
REGULAR
$525.00
SALE
$399.95
....... WI
,...,
1fU 111 111: . eu.l ' '''
60 1tIl . Dual tha
1
I . till.," SooMp.
"'.<D ",. "
CIT It._ t 1)15.00 IGlS. '"
r K SA K1 11lz . Du.' ella"",I , Doh ,...., M.p ,
CIT Ilu dll'\l t . tuc 1Crs. Co~" l.r ISIS.00 I28S .9S
lrH:ircuit And OUl-ot'(;ircuit Ie Tester
r _106O 100 Itll' . Dul l [ "" M. I. tIIh1t"d SW. P.
eu IlncOIl t IUS. CO IJ6S. 9S
IJIlEL REGUlAR SALE
100 rttl . DIl II ( Ila.... l. Dell ,...., s.-p,
CRT Ru_ t . eerlCrt. C_ t lr IBM. OO IMS.'"
560 Special $3500 .00 $2595.00
* Incl udes AK-560 User Program-
1895. 00 CALL
mable sof tware, ($495 value),
and mod el #2520 Di 9i t al Sto r-
lI ts .OO 'C.
age Scope, ($1493 val ue) , at
PR ICE NO CHARGE !! !
560 $3500 .00 $1995. 00
* Incl udes AK-560 at no charge!
2520 $1493 .00 $ 695 .00
, .:
~IL .foin.ts_ ~QS.ts_ ~~e1 Cos!
68100 100 0 rc $ t"
BB64<l 640 0
BB74() 740 0 '" $ . "
BB840 640 0 '" $$ .5"
"
BP60S 1,620 4 '"yes $19 !l9
0
n
Buinins indude: BuiItins jncIvde:
regulated .5VDC & 12VDC - regulated, variable t5VDC
DIGITAL CLAMP "AMPVOLT" METER
1HZ/1KHz/100KHz clocks - t5VAC and 30VACsuppIies
logic probe - sine, ~e & trian;;ular wave
Unique damp-on volt3.ge test lead
a.5Hzi5OOHz pulse generator generator (2OOHz2OOKHz) design rrekes measuring voltage clarno<>,
8 data switches & 8 logic LEOs - 1Kn and 1OOK n potentiometers just aseasy asmeasuring current, voltage tesl
2 """"""'"''''' log" _
3 bre.dloards {1380 Iie-pointsl
.-""
3 breadboards (1380 tie-points) M C5 DD .. .... $74" ~ ~ad
60A62
Plli P.O. Box 55, Agoura Hills, CA91376
Tel: 81 81707-1514 Fax: 81 81707-7327
overload protection
\ow battery indicator
-
~:lpF~ JCI .1 ~-750Y
"'"'....
frtqJtrq': 1HZ' ollr.IHZ N:.M:J(;A .tmA-11IA
T~lI" : -l 302"f
llV' T_ 2OWIU:
R .Ul -2OOOloln
Cap lpF~ "'" 83
85
87 1M! FlMS $285
""
$155
........"""'"
m logic * I ill IoI-iz
"'"'"..
VOl, AiJlt, 0'Im
Til' " Hf"E IfISl
39\lII C:OUl1 ~y 86 Aubnolive $359
Autl PCI"'I' CICI
D"""
LED ...
3 ~dgl "',
88 $419
lOWl ~ fd
sa.
I
Z-~t2CIpF1l~
rrouaarc.o.l~
CoapIdIrao.lpF-200 jOF
= ~ Il)IIllIStrtau"
~o.lpF-20f/,l.F
AIsiAI!'a:tI!'O~
1'4 bltk: '1X\nl:1
DialpIlIon IIdor hSc:llIM INbgI
....
RaIi-.!'all.o11NO!.lO
BisiI: ICClniC'fR1'1o. C2'lo.
Ttst ~
.
1 kHl
IJJo A vr:6ab1k
Heavy IiIty DMM
ACIOC dcJTl p m .....
II ~ .m Q IIdor II hluI:Ilr n-rncme... lult melilf
zee .~rt
'b Inlrn ~ l'nIrt
to '"'CIt ~ pM m.... logic p obll
tlgh wIl~ Pfobe
Vert good lot NcfI ~ Rf
. rd lu~aet lTlOU/Il ~rt:s. iI' fihi" " . -.e ll i S ,I"
Ie """""a
E1.ctonle scal e
ff count.
-
PS2oo 20MHI DUAL TRACE $.))9 .95 til ~ -.oUaI C25 ~
~1Qd TnOIse 10tnWN 05 Wlf
PS"'OS 40MHz DElAY $569.95 AIbn\ RoC, SiI. ..... S- CHZ. Prt- T~
PS-605 60MHz DElAY $769.95
" .. . .: '0o
P5-303
0-30 me
$169.95
I 0-3.-\ output
0.02'4 2mV h .lIllo/l
110:2'4 3mV Did "QUlltln
I '
P5-1610
~16
~
me , 0-1OA.
wa.g.
$299.95
outp ut
& consilII ClImItt trodt
O.2".itt2mV IQ IIgllliltlcn
,
.. 1 mVlms rgM I nd lWII
Sholl tlmll I 'll O\llrlold plDlIQBd
4 0 001'4 . 2mV !old ".,.tlon
lmVrms ~ Ind filpll
Sholl tlmll &nd O\llflold plllludrld
--
1'4 dI!lClltor\, DC ~ 2. lOY
. ~ 10C!l1VmlI 11 35 WIti:
~ lkltr, EDINII 5l:Itl~
~ PlfVmlI
(Up,I dIlcw'li:IIt O!l5'4 5IXlttl: 5Wtl:
~~ :ecom
05" SCHl: 5CICIIHz
~; Q-,OV l:l)lUlI RquIrq 10
FUNCTION GENJCDUNTER
FG-2102AD $234.95
l DOQ~
- RF SIGNAL
GENJCDUNTER
AUDIO GENJCOUNTER
AG2603AD $239.95
Glnlr-.1igI-.I
F ~ (l)IJl1"
"-tlrt m
SWEEP FUNCTION
II/1II
4 dlclil
II ~'iXlA
&nd CWOO lIIl1pIl1
..
SG4162AD $234.95 ~I ludio 19* Ami as ,IrQ.
GENJCDUNTER 329.95
GlH'OIfIl" RF '9W &1'1'01 .,
"
s::>- "'"
f ltq.ltl"q COIll1 lHzl 5l.lHz
Sel'lltMry <5OrnV
O.5l.tlz 10 5 /,1Hz
Sw8iP: 1kI 10:1A.og 10:1 20lnS to 2S
F~ Cllllnw 1Hz ISOl.lHz
.......,"""V
For nlmll lncl ,,'.,,!\II D\I,o;es
For l'lwnIl Il'I:l IdWnal IOOJICII AM Wodulaliotl
G11113 8lnI, VoboI CortIoI G I _.
QenIralor COrlJoI ~oIIgiI & I d91 eou....r.
QUAUn'
CODE RES992
POWER SYSTEMS and accessories...
ALL SYSTEMS INCLUDE
ffiM ....
PClAT CO MPATIBLES
......
BATTERY TEST CA>'''''',"""
/GOO "'-"'II'
KELVIN KELVIN KELVIN
0017 .110010
100 Basic 150 Bole+ 2IX) "."..lld
A Pfk;e..Perfonnance Breakthrough...
READS (Rigel's Emb&dd&d Applications Development System)
with the R-31J board provide. a complete hardw areJ80ftware de-
velopment and debugging s)"tem in one user-friendly menu- SplitC8$e
driven environment which runs on a IBM PC host.
Complete lila inAkJminum, Steel & ASS
Also Hardware,Silkscreeoing,HandTOCl5
Ask us ebcet our Custom Fabric:ating
Call for FREE Full Color Catalog
(8OO)!lOO-'lJ21 (216) 425-1228 Fax
_.-
'-SG' ....
,-'1-...
"~
\&>"'- -
-
......1. _ _
--
...,-
"'#7-
_ .~
:sr.".....
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TRA NSIENT. DC & AC ANALYSES OVER 100 COMPON ENTS
INTEGRATED SCHEMATI C CAPTURE & SIM ULATION
Now in use at over 20 major universiti es and leading corporations around the wo rld.
$130 lea.
Beige Bag Software
Unive rsity & Student Pricin g Available 715 Barclay Ct .' Ann Arbor. MI ' 48105
Dealer Inq uiries Welcome Ph: (3 13) 663-4309 ' Fax: (3 13) 663-0725
CIRCLE 300 ON FREE l"'fOR MATION CARD
6OA66
Call C.S.T. 11986 RIVERWO OD DRIVE
MONDAY Ihru FRIDAY
8:00 AM - 7:00 PM
T '- T'"
~~ .l.J. L'1N BURNSVILLE. MN
55337
Y 800.""'58'
FAX: 612-895-9454
S-<1~ ~
, BUY NOWI
INVENTORY REDUCTION
SALEII & SAVEl
CABLE 1V BOXES
CONVERTERS, DESCRAMBLERS & MORE AT WHOLESALE PRICES
- GUARANTEED STOCK-
.,...
$4 9.00 $4 5 .00 ' 30 .00
'"ZENITH NQ.FlASH Sl J 9 .00 $1 29 .00 <AU CAll
HAMU N 1200 CH3 $65.00 $45.00 lJO.OO
CONVERTERS
PANASONIC TZPC 145 575.00 165.00 160.00 CALl
SlARGATE 2000 170.00 165.00 '60.00 CAll.
.IERROLD DffiN.S 585.00 175.00 CALL CALL
JERROLD D NV7 .".wlam. S89.OO SSO.OO CAll CAlI..
' JERROLD D Z-450 SS9.OO 149.00 145.00 CALL
' SYLVANIA TEXSCAN 4 040 SSS.DO S45.OO S36.OO CAll
(CH. 2, 3 OR 4)
'REfURBISHED AS NEW. CONVERTERS AVAIlABLE IN CHANNEL 2 OR 3.
COMBINATION UNITS
' SCIENTIFIC ATLANTA CALL FOR AVAILABIUTY AND PRICING
PIONEER S329.00 S299.00 CAll CAll.
.lERROLD BASEBAND S329.00 S299.00 CAlI.. CAlL
JERROLD DPV7212 $24 9.00 S239.OO CAll CAll
JERROLD DP5DPV5 CAll. FOR AVAILABIUTY AND PRICING
"ERROLD DRX3DIC Sl 09.00 189.00 CAll. CAll.
"ERROlD DRZ30IC Sl 24.00 Sl 09.00 CAll CAll
'SYLVANIA TEXSCAN 404~DIC
......
S75 .00 $69.00 CAll CAll
(ot. 2 OR 31
"OAK M 35 B(WmiVARI-5YNC. $39.00 <AU <AU
ADD SIO.OO Pal UNIT)
"REFURBISHED AS NEW.
OTHER PRODUCTS AVAIlABLE: REMOTES: .lERROLD. PANASONIC. HAMUN. rocoa. SClENTIFlC AllANTA.
INTERFERENCE ALTERS: OiANNElS 2 OR 3 I VIDEO TAPE ENHANCERS. AC ADAPTERS: 12 lie 18 VOLT I ADUU' INSUU'
BOXES I MORE. FULL SERVICE T ECH NICA L SUPPORT.
COMBO SPEOAL - NEW TBI AND WIRELESS CONVERTER 1150 .00 (5 wr QUANTITY)
NO MINNESOTA SALES
PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NonCEI
ncn 01' IO\ta II ,,~ ~ ...... pr,og. wmtOUT"_ ...... --.cT - ' 1 0 CML C. ~ NJo "lJ1U. 'IOtI....,- C>CCll1Oln< - . . lDC.OL'-'t:
_1'OllMl. KIMCI. 'IOtI1,lK. n lllOOfTHllHlVOT Ol' lAI<I S't'IIIIOJ(MlU lODUll.OlJll...... JUEVIIIOIl OftUlOllN<O ~ ...... HOI' -""'Sf ...... ~ C. _ _ IN _
~ .......
ntlloUCI.
---_
_
....._ ....
2t _ 1IO _ _1
- - _...
; ___Ill
,. .......
.............
. . . . . 11..-.
,1
_
I/'
II
15132..,1200 IIIiIl nUl HT3GO 7,2"' 1600 mah 145.11. NC
II.
~' HT90 12.., ~O man
8596.., 1200 mall nUl nU D
HTU O12.., 600 mah UUD PANASONIC
I
BP1 13,2..,600mah nuo M1'5oo 15.., 500 mah UUD PVBP8018a \2..,2.3 ~1J'ClS
BP8 84"" 000 mah 151.00
SNSAT RCA/HITACHI
BP82,8P83 IlAOIUS Full size
BP83A 1.2.., 150 mall 1'-10500 mall st U D VH5-C
BP641,2..,10oo fNh PBl 12.., 1000 mah nUl SONY
BP85A9 6"'~O mah KN B472..,22GOmah SSU D
8P858 12'v 600 fNll PB6 1.2.., 15{1 mah
PB11.2.., 1500 mall
eee tav 7SO mall
S41.01
nUD
nUD
, SABER
7.2.., 1100 mah nUD ""
NPSsm
AllBR.UlD5 AVAILABLE
"." I
SlU I
FNB-2 .., 600 mah sun ICOMSAISAT
fNB-4A PB-21 sun. PB-2S. 26- LUJ I NEC StUD
tcOM-72A CHARGl:R WfTH
"." I
FN B-l0512 .., 1000 mall 8144 (EllUl'l.)--3" Higll NOVATEL , UUD
sn n 7.h rtt llXlO WJi SUS,DO
PANASONIC StiJ .
B'91'tone krt$ nU l
M
fNB-1 2S 12.., 600 mall MOTOROLA ,~:.
uu . BI4S8 (Equiwl :r High leoM " FUP" n U l .
lh l4600MAH S1~ .DO Bp..3 S17Jl.ep..5 U UI
~1'l!!,8p..1. ae.e
ALL BATTERY PACKS GUARANTE ............ ,-lAVE THE ADVERTISED CAPACITY r .- 1
~
SEND FOR
FREE CATALOG BATTERY-TECH, INC. VISA
DEALER INOUIRIES 28-25215 PLACE. BAYSIDE. N.Y. 11360 FAX 718-461-1978 ..:!
WELCOME 800-442-4275 - N. Y.S. 718-631-4275 MASTERCARD
6OA68 CIRCLE 218 ONFREE l"FOR"ATlON CARD
,
"
TI M ELI rt~wI ~g
ONn doolJc onl y:t!SA: (!I:lO) 872-U7e CA.: (~I %1).9'l71 LA." T ~ 1Il1o: 0 1012'11'""12
.....,
~brb-....mg ........~ to .... ,"-lTf. loI0d0l CP090 00 OJA, &10 l< aoo S- B lack & Wh he ..................$3 5.00
~ . 2& dol; plt<lh 110 Voila 7 loch (~ ~ ........ .... .. $29 .95
640 J: 400 LCD $50.- $eltOpol JI647" (~r to RaB !rlpu c . ~ plq)
9 inch (Armor) ............... ......$29.9 5
Prot.... ProNol-4 l1odol pl347 lil<lphlc & fllphanumvrlc n' Pt9'rWhIIo VGA MonK" and .....
Tokoa RIa~ Board $79.11
16 bll - 4 Mbps IEEE 8022 ~ nd 802.5
Uquld Crystal Display
4 80 Dot:ll: 128 Dot . (80 Z us Une)
In c ro d l b l e $99.lllI
VGA n-Wlot ....,.. --$65.00
@~
rompo llble tw isted J><1IIr intcropcr- US e. e h. or :I rol' 20.- VGA card _~ . . $3A,OO
I ble w ith IBM T oken Rir>g N"tWor-k on..-et b ouc! ...an.bl e $60.00 Nel.: VGA c:ord wll nol ~ In a 486.
101 key Xl byboord___.._ _ $2.c.oo
The 'lip" In Th e 'lik" v' LAsER !'RJNTER $4 5." v'
S<:A1<>"ER AssEMBLY
.... -, I na .~ nt cc o
as key 'C/AT teyboo'd _ _ __U.t.OO
111<'"
~j
,~ "
$19.00 A-=bl, tn.ended" " - . prtrt", .
poIn<m _ JII oidnI-.l 1ll1oe. ~ an:I I n - Xl ~ dm. conhol __ $39.00
-----------------
.
ol.096 . "'....rot CCD
. ~\' n: ...... $29.00 $" .-
He.l 'c ~TlIbe ol OMwlnaL DUlpulJ '" Had dI1Ye ~ toPlo 12 YII '"'" t 19.00
P OWER S U P P L Y S my: PC convertible printer $75.00 HP100r ~ .UW;I ' ;0 00
_W.TT I3.at ~ ~ o6V . !iOA. .l rl PC ~ k.,t.o.nl _ _ --t:I4. 00
OI A.'ZVOU A.o.--n:'T L" Wl nl IT Wlllpoo* ~ I '"" mollilcr-ssua
Fe CGIII ' UlbIot LCD_ _ _ _ _ __ ~
14 1111 W. ARTESIA BLVD. GARDENA. Cot. 902 41 Minim um Old er : $2 0 .00 Min im u m ~P i"~ hand ling cha rge
15 .00. w. accept cathiert dteeb . or !SA. No peflOl'lal
0rlIlll' desk on ly: US A: (80 01 812-1l118 CA: (8001223-9911 d1e dts or cexTl . CA relidents a6c18 .2S'" Illes tax . we ar e not
L.A. 80 Ted'iMal lnfo: (310 ) 217-lJ912 Fu : (3101532-6304' re tpontibl. lo r Iypgreph ical erro~ . AU me rc:handte IUbj&CI 1O
~sale. Ptoone Otdera Willcome. lo<1i ign orders requir e apedaI
OEY IHOOIRIES WELCCl'lE 2ll'% Retl o<:k!1l9I.. lot rlllumtd orde,.. ll'lg. Price s l ubjea 10 ~ Wl IhOl./l l'1C)noe.
TECg/
CALL TOLL FREE 18003368321
The Engineers Collabora tive, Inc.
Rt #3 Box 8C. Barton. VT 05822 USA
TEL:(802)525-3458 FAX:(802)5253451
CIRCLE 27.. Of! f REE INFORMAnoN CARD
SEE WHO ISCAWNG BEFOREmswERING PHONEJ RfDTE~fU.Vl CEVC r; ll'6'W." O/FFfIlf",i ~ SUlFI'ICI Io.O..NJ
PllEVENT U'~.JTH OlaZED eccrss MODEM. BElS. 3-FT 4 )[ K, SENSlTM M HIt LNT I..N:tR S100.00 , TRANSMITTERS Ho\VE CRYSTAl..-QfAA scx..NJ
Pr-lONE CORD ... 3-FT 1lS232 CAaE. UNIT ......s NO PUTIT....I'IIIQX, -co OO.1Nf I.W1'SI'IGOOO 25-lURNllNING lS5TMl LE. AA\.GENDJT 500FT
DISPIJ\'( US6 COMI'Ul"E~ SCREEN MfE."D (SOYE TllmSMTTtR l.OOJOR USE TO 11.A"<E StMl..l. ROQM MICROPHONEVUSION IMC4 F$39 .95
TlVNSMlTTERS. ~T P1TOi ""-'M M.JTOSWITCHPHONEVERSION IMC4 T$ 39.95
COMPORTSOFlWAAf 1lE000RfOJ T J!f lMC4Rf III MT C .-.s~""'f
PCASSYWISEPE AATE CABLS IMC4KS39.9S
fUllYASSEMBLEDnESTEO IMC4A, $4S.50
SOFTWARE Sl-OWS o.u. DATE. TIME. ~ CODE. International MlcroPow~r Inc.
PHONE NUMB:R YI\lES I'U o.us TO CWSK. '18M es Palm Drwa .tuoU
CQMP....Ti8lE COMf\JTE~ORLN'TOP ~CA93010
TSR ' PONJP-WlNOO\VSOFlWARE IMC4SW$1.50 1-800-992-3511 ($l.00IF C.O.'.l
It-lUl l I.t. _01A1A ILlI 1IIYtll'l'W_m VIT . t~ UI WI T~YOU ORDERS ONLY lie " _ AJ:a"'oli
lW Ln ll PIIOII CO.'Anl .. doN:l . a
Name _
Address
CllY
Zlp
-..,.-_
_
state _
_
f18
Phone NO. _
msNOT THE lPmNnON OF B& 5SAl.ESTO DEFRAUD ANYPAYTElEVlSIO.'II OPERATORANDW!: WIll NOT ASSIST AXY COMPANYOIl INOMOUALINOOI NC TH ESAME.
'"[
m
~.
46518van Dyke #101, Utica, M148317 13131 7907896 FAX124 hours) 131317396047
' - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -
CIRCLE 217 ON F'REE INFORlU,T1ON CARD
----1 i
GOA71
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B.S. & M.S. NOW . TME AU. NEW URtl A., ltoe.
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the supply voltage Is deve loped of 0 C to + 70~C . Some plas tic put termi na l of th e tr igger com-
acros s eac h res istor. The inter- DiPs ca n o pe ra te in the - ..tQC to pa ra to r a nd two- t h irds of the
n a l n ip-na p c irc u it provides a + B5C ex te n ded tempe ra tu re s upply voltage to the Inverting
defin ite "on " o r "nff" res po nse. range. Inpu t of the IC's th resho ld com -
Its ttmtng Int ervals a re Indepen- Altern ate-sourced 555 's ca n parator.
dent of the s u pp ly volta ge. usually be Identified by the In- The ou tp ut of the two com -
Th e 555 ha s two bas ic ope ra t- clu s ion of the numbers 55 or pa ra tors cont rols the H-S flip-
ing modes : monos table (one- 555 In their designations . Ex- flop, wh ich In tu rn co n trols the
s hot-a si ngle pulse is emitted). a mples Inclu de Harr is' CA555 , s tates of t he co mp lementa ry
and as ta ble (a stream of output Moto rola 's MC1455 . a nd Nation- output stage a nd the s lave tra n-
pulses Is g enerated ). In th e a l Semi co nducto rs' LM5 5 5C . sis to r g6. The flip- flop 's state
monos table mode when fu n c- Othe r sou rces Include Exa r, ca n also be se t by signals at
ttonlng as timers . ti me Is pre- Goldsta r. Raytheon. Samsu ng. RESET pin 4 .
cisely co ntrolled by the ex ternal SGS-T ho mson . a nd S harp Elec- When o rga nized as a mono-
RC net work. In th a t mode th e tron ics . CMOS vers io ns of the s table ti mer. the T I{ICC fm p in 2
55 5 p rodu ce s o ut p u t p ul s es 55 5 . s uch as Texas Instruments' Is held hi gh by ex te rnal rest s tor
with ri s e and fa ll times mea - TLC5 55 a rc al s o a va ila ble. In R.r in ser ies with th e DC s upply
s u red In mi cros econds . add itio n to their low powe r co n - volt age. Unde r th at con diti on.
In the astable mode. the 555 s u m p tion co m pa re d to s ta n- Q6 is satu ra ted . s hor ting ex ter-
can be an oscillator. It ean mai n - dard 555s. th ei r outpu ts are n a l ti m ing capac ito r Co to
tain a n a ccu rately co ntrolled compatible with CMOS as well grou n d . a nd OUTPUT pin 3 Is
free- run nin g fr eque ncy a nd as TTL . d rive n lo w. Time r actio n Is
d uty cycle with on ly two exter- Table I presents some basi c s tarted by a pplying a nega uve-
nal resistors and one ca pacitor. electrical characteristics for th e going trigger puls e to p in 2 . As
In eit her monostable o r astable 555. The 556 is h ou sed In a 14- this puls e falls below one-th ird
modes , ti m ing accu racy is es- p in DIP package bu t the block of th e DC s u pp ly voltage. th e
se n tia lly In dep en den t of va ri a - dia g ra m of ea ch c irc u it Is iden- o u t p u t o f th e tri gger c o m -
ti on s In s u p p ly vo lt age o r tical to th at of the 555 s hown In parator c h a n ges s ta te . That
a mbient te mperature. The de- Fig , 1. The 556 is a lso a lternate- c a u s es t he J(S fli p -fl op to
vice ca n be tr iggered a nd reset s ou rced by many of th e sa me s witch , t u rn ing Q6 off, a n d
on falltng wave forms . firm s th at offer th e 555. Exa m- . d rivi ng OIJT PLrr pin 3 hi gh .
Typi cal applications for the pies are Motorola 's MC3556 a nd As Q6 tu rns off the s hort is
555 Include prectston and se- Texas Ins truments' TLC7556. removed from th e external ca-
quenttal ti ming. pulse genera- p a c it or C n . T he capacito r
tion . pu lse -width and pulse- How the 555 works. charges th rough the external
position modulation , and linea r Figu re 2 is a rep resentative res isto r R o u nt il t he volt age
ramp ge neratio n . Moreo ver. It circ uit schematic for the 555. It ac ross Cn r ises to two-t hirds of
ca n d irec tly drive loads s uch as con tai ns 2 1 trans is to rs, 4 di- the s u pp ly volta ge. The n th e
rel a ys, s ole no ids, low-pow e r odes . and 15 resis tors . The volt- th reshold co mpa ra tor cha nges
la m ps . a n d hi gh-Imp edan c e age di vider consi sting of three s ta te and switc hes the R-S fltp-
spea kers. 5000-oh m resi sto rs (shown In flop back to Its o riginal s tate,
The 555 Is pack aged in plas- Fig. I ) a ppea rs to th e right of turning g 6 "o n " a nd ra p idly d is -
charging Co ' At the same time,
TABLE 1-ELECTRICAL CHARACTER ISTICS OllTPLrr pIn 3 reverts to Its low
s ta te . The ummg cycle Is then
Charact eris tics Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit complete.
A charact eristic of the 555 is
DC Supply Voltage Ve<: 4.5 16 V that, once trigge red. It ca n not
DC Supply Current (V + = 5V) 'e<: - 3 6 mA res pond to add iti onal triggering
(V + =5V) - 10 15 rnA until th e ti m ing seq u en ce is
Power Dissipation - -% 600 rnW c o m p le t e . However, t he se -
Threshold Voltage - - V
Trigger Voltage (V + = 5V) ''"
V, - 1.67 - V
quence ca n be aborted a t any
t ime by feeding a n egcuve-gorng
Reset Voltage
(V + = 15V) -
0.4
5
0.7
-1.0 V
V pulse to RES ET pin 4 .
V.
Reset Current
TIming Error (Monostable)
Frequency Drift with
'. -
-
0.1
1
-
-
mA
%
The ou tp ut pulse Is a sq u a re
wave whose duration (ti me de-
lay) depends on the values of R
Temperature - 50 - ppmI'C a nd C. The formula for this is :
Drift with Supply Voltage - 0.1 -- %IV to (ti me delay) = 1.1 (value of R
Output Rise Time ~ - 100 ns x value of C)
Output Fall Time \ - 100 - ns S imply stated . ti me delay Is
d irectly p ro po r tio na l to t h e 63
+STO+1SV
r - - - --- - - - -- - - - - - ~- - - .....---.- - -- _ ...- - - - _.............._- -
,I THRESHOLD TRIGGER RIPFlOP OUTPUT
.L COMPARAJOR
COMI'AAlJOR
)-------<r-~___._-----==;F:;;..._r----_r___._-_r_,
4.]K U K 1.OK
01
'"o "
010
R,
a'
"
RESET
DISCHARGE
loon
c- -- - - - - - - - - - -
FIG. 2-REPRESENTATIVE CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC FOR A 555 tim er wit h externa l re-
al.live and capacitive co mpo nents.
I t h o us a nd o h m s to 10
megohms .
Figu re 4a Is a s im ple fixed-
pe r iod (ap proxim ately 50 -s ec
1/ 1/ i/ ond l manu al ty-t r tgg ered time
delay c ircuit . and Fig. 4 b
te / / 1/ shows the waveforms as they
/ / 1/ / wo ul d a pp ea r o n a n os -
c ill oscop e . T h e se q ue nce o f
T'
/ / 1/ / / even ts in Fig. 4b Is initiated by
IY P ~ ,.$} ,-# grou nd ing THle OIm pin 2 wit h
m om en ta ry S T Arn s witc h 5 1.
The CONTROL VOLTAG E pin 5 Is
,., 1/ / 1/ / / decoupled by C2 . a nd th e out-
/ 1/ / / 1/ put s tate ca n be determined by
observing whe ther LED1 Is II
,.e / 1/ / / / Jumi nated or not. A square out-
put pulse (whose flxed-pertod is
1/ / / 1/ determined by RI and Ct! ap-
R4
-
A G. &-AlTERNATE METHODS FOR ENERGIZI NG 8 relay from the output of a 555.
R2 R3
of 5 1 closure. C3 Is fully di s-
ch a rged. it th erefore se nds a
s tart pul s e to TRI G G ER p in 2
th rough R4 a nd Initiates a ti m-
[ 1MEG
22K ,2< Ing cycle.
As the tlm lngcycle starts. RYI
R. is energized. The con tac ts in
' 00<
8 z parallel with 51 close and keep
,,,
the 555 powered even wh en 5 2
ICl D1 Is relea sed . At th e en d of t h e
555 11'1 400'1
7 3 timing cycle RYl ls de-energi zed
5 I
,,I an d it s con ta cts re -open. d is-
53 connecti ng power from the 555.
r-< RVI
'1 r
C2 The tim in g of the circu it in
S2 NO ~ ~ SI IIO
F IN
CJl O.1Il >60<,
1llJ.lF Cl RESET I S1ART 02 Fig. 8 is pri ncipally con trolled
11'1 4110'1 by the values of resistor HI and
;f: lC,1F
pot entlometerR5 . a nd etther Cl
or C2 . whi ch a rc swtt ch-se-
FIG. 7- TIMER WITH A RELAY OUTPlIT provides li me delays 011 .1 10 120 seconds . lectcd by 5 3-a . Note. h owever. 65
th at tim ing is also In flu ence d by + 12V
~
th e se ttt ng of potentiom ete rs
H6 a nd R7 . Th ey a re selected ---<>
R6 R5
with s witch S3-b and connected 10K R2 R3
to CONTUOI, voltage pin 5 of th e (SET [ lMEG
22K 22K
IC. Those potentiome ters effec-
tively s hu n t th e in ternal voltage
of the 555, the reby altering tim-
l')
10SEC
R1
lOOK
>-'-
8
~
2
R'
IK ,
Ing per iods . ~ OUTPUT
1 ~J.b ~5
10 1 D1
,,,
That featu re allows the circ u it 855 lN411ltl "-r<>
J
to produce precise ti m ing peri- R7
10K
2
,, , ,,
n- r:-1f1
ods even whe n ca pacit ors with (SET
loos e-tolerance values are in the 100SEC l , RVI
circu it. It a lso allows a s ing le MAX) 02
~
53a 52 NO 12V
calibrated tim in g scale to cover RESET
1N4001 seec
th e two s witch -s elected ti ming CJ 01 +
C2
{).1 ~F
ranges. 111" F l 00fjF1'
To se t u p the Fig. 8 circ ui t.
firs t set potentiometer R5 to its -
maximum value. se t switc h S3 FIG. 8-PRECISION (COMPENSATED) TIMER w ith a relay o utput h as tw o ranges: 0.9
to positi on I a nd push S TAHl' to 10 secon ds and 910 100 seconds.
bu tton 5 1. Th en adjust potenti-
om eter R6 for a precis e period of 51
(HEADLIGHTS Off
10 seconds. Next. se t 3 to pos i-
tio n 2. push S T Ain s witc h 5 1. r l-12V_ ' +
S~e!O~
and adjust potentiometer R7 for R1 R2
a precise pe riod of 100 seconds.
AUTO
BATTERY ,,01<
8 4
221< I
With t hose adj us tme n ts com- 52
~ r'- f HEAO
plete. the timing scale ca n be
calibrated over Its full teo-sec-
and range.
(IGNlnO N
SWITCHl
START
0 e on
ON
;-L
101
555 J
01
1N4001 i l G@
I 5 02 RVI
01 + , 2V
Timers for car ligh ts ;- CJ 1"4001
Figure 9 is a circ u it that auto- RJ
lOOlIF O.o1Il F
OJ
""n
matically delays the turn-off of 1.OK 1'0O.C2l I.lF 1N4001
an au tomob ile's headlights . per- _ (CHASSIS)
mitting th em to function as
sa fety lights at n igh t a fter th e FIG. 9-HEADLIG HT TURN OFF CONTROL wit h automati c delay for automobil es.
ignition s witc h is tu rned off. It HEADLIGH TS OFf
is a u seful circu it if you wa nt ORSPOTLIGHT
you r ca r's headlights to rem a in S~TCH '.~
on for 50 seconds after you have ON
parked , turned off the ignition ,
locked th e doors, a nd wa lke d
RI
away. The h eadli gh ts will stay
on lon g en ough to Illuminate
410K 81 4
~
+
you r rou te un til you can reach 'i IN
,
AUTO 101
th e safety of your home. Th e cir- l BAm RY 555
cu it does n ot in terfere with nor-
mal headlight opera tio n. 5
Wh e n t h e ca r 's igniti on
s witch S2 is turned "on ." RYl is 01 + , C2 0'
1H401l1 ~==13 RVI
12V
'0,", O.lIlF ssec
ene rg ized (th ro ugh d iode D3 J R3
closing Its co ntacts a n d con - 10K
necting th e i 2-volt battery to CHASSIS
the 555 and h eadligh ts switch
FIG. l O-HEADLIGHTISPOTLI GHT TURNOFF CONTROL for auto mobiles Is manu all y
5 1. In this state th e headlights ac tuated.
operate nor mally. However, be-
cause bot h s ides of ca pacitor C2 nega u ve-gotng trigger pul se to after S2 is turned off. keep ing
a rc con ne cted to th e positive T Rl G G Enpin 2 . Initiating a 50- the positive battery s upp ly con -
supply. It is fully d is charged. secon d ti mi ng cycle that a pplies nected to 5 1 during this per iod.
When 52 is turned "off," th e cu rre nt to the relay coli through That keeps th e headlights on if
voltage across H3 goes to zero. Dl. 51 is in Its ON position. At the
de-energtztn g the relay. How- Relay RYl 's co n tacts remain end of that 50-second time de-
66 ever. at th at tim e C3 a pplies a clos ed for abou t 5 0 s econ d s lay, RYI d e-energ izes . Its con-
They will be tu rned on for a pre-
, '2V set 50-second period as soon as
R2 C3 m om en ta ry pu s hbu tt on START
.olI'F
O. ' 00<
. - 0 lIUIl'UT switc h SI Is pressed . When the
,,0<
, ~ .0P O'"'' de lay p e ri od t imes ou t. t h e
ligh ts will be turned off again
6
8
2
,,0<
R3
,,, LIGHTS
au tomatically.
51 NO le I ,,, The Fig . 10 circu it Includ es
relay RYI with two sets of nor-
0'
STAAT 7
'" 3
,, m ally-open con tacts. Th e ti m -
'"
tsn
mJGGER) C2
02
l H40a1 01 OVI
12V
Ing se que nce Is s ta rted with the
mom en tary closu re of pu shbut-
O.l l1f l /11toal ton switch S I. Norm ally. both 5 1
"'" and the relay con tacts are ope n .
"OF so t he ti me r circ uit Is n o t
FIG. l1-PQRCH U GHT CONTROL AUTOMATICALLY lums on a light fo r 8 pre set powered a nd the lights are off.
period on ly wh en triggered at night. Ca pa cito r C3 Is d ischarged un-
der this condition.
When 5 1 Is m om en t a r il y
+ 5 TO . 15V closed . RYIs co li Is ene rgized .
R3
2.21< 0'
2 21<
C2
.. b
lOOK
RS
UK
8 ,
Thai ac tio n closes Its firs t s et of
con ta cts. applying power to the
ca rs lights wh ile also clos in g Its
seco nd s et of contacts. a pplying
O,OOlpF
2 07 power to th e 555. However.
cr 8 CI ~ UlK TRIGGER p in 2 of the IC Is b riefly
O.O(ll"F r,; ) ~t':";' grou nded t h ro ugh C2. so a
01 \!:
01
2/113704
7
'" negative trigger puls e Is fed to
10' 5 It. and a lim in g cycle Is beg u n .
R2
C3
C, Con sequen tly. O lTT l'lTT p in 3 of
(SEE ; the 555 switc he s h igh wh en th e
10' lABlE 2) O.OlllF
relay contacts close. lock ing the
relay Int o it s "o n " state (re-
FIG. 12-ADD-ON PULSE GENERATOR can supplement 8 sta nd-alon e pu lae gener-
ga rdless of th e s u bseque n t stale
ator.1t Is tri ggered by rectan gular Input si gnals . Table t gives output pulse widths tor of 5 1). keeping th e lights on for
vario us values 01C3. 50 s econds. At the end of the
ti mi ng cycle . pin 3 of t he IC
swttch es to Its low s tate. de-en-
+5 TO + 15V ergizing RYI. Th en bot h se ts of
relay co ntacts ope n . di s con -
R2
10'
"
,,~
RS
'"06 necti ng power from th e 555 an d
"O.01I'F
, , r .001<
,
the ligh ts.
Automatic porch lig h t
2 3 2 Figure Il ls an au toma tic con -
o-J u.;
O'
INPUT
>'h'I=
'"
CI
555
'"
o.oOll'F '-'
~
C2
555
07
trc l circui t for a po rch ligh t. It
will tum a porch ligh t on auto-
p. roe matically for a pres et 50-secon d
R3 01
. l''f C3 ~
5
C5
10K
,Lml' lIUIl'UT pe riod when Its s en sor detects
the presence of a perso n . How-
.0< /1141 41 - O.lC2
IlF
~E21 "',J D.011lF
'1 ever. It performs that fu ncti on
on ly a t n igh t or under con d i-
tion s of red uced visi b ility such
FIG. 13-MQDIFIED ADD-ON PULSE GENERATOR can be tr iggered by any kind 01 as might occu r du ring a s torm .
Input waveform Inclu ding alne waves. The c irc u it Is a cti va ted wit h
s w itc h 5 1. w hic h ca n b e a
tacts open . a nd battery s u pply ever. th e circu it s hown In Fig. 10 m tcrosw ttch t riggered by a por-
is d iscon n ected f rom t h e 5 5 5 is a pplicab le to older veh icles ch gate. It m ight also be a pres-
and S t. wh ose h eadlights or s po tlight s u re-s wit ch h idden un der a
The circu it In Fig. 9 is com- are Independent of the Ign ition porch mat and triggered by a
patible with modem practi ce for switch. T he circu it illustrates a pers o n we ig hi ng perh a ps 50
powering th e h eadli gh ts s witc h manua l delayed turn-off ligh t po u nds or more.
5 1 with Ignition sw itch 5 2 so control. Circui t operatio n depe nds on
that headlights work only when Tha t circu it works If the veh i- a n egative-going pulse that falls
the Igni tion s witch Is on . How- cle is parked with Its lI~h ts off. below th e Internally con tro lled 67
so fa r. the 555 fu nc tio ns as a
r-' - r--T - -ro'- +5 TO + 15V
mon os tab le lo ne -s h ot! pul s e
gene ra to r. Su itable tr igger s ig-
R2
'OK '"
2.2>< nals a re fed tOT~IG GF.N pin 2 a nd
ou tpu t pu lses are taken from
I [ ,I........
~~ 4
--0
OUll'UT OUTPUT pin 3 . The 5 55 ca n gen-
"
22K , 6
6
II
erate well formed out pu t pu lses
with p eriods from 5 m icros e-
7 102 conds to hundreds of seconds.
2 555 a Th e maximum u sable puls e rc-
C6 pltillon frequency is a p prox i-
O.OOlIlF 1 5
RIO ma tely 100 kHz .
1.OK The s ignal reac h ing -nuccen
ItlPUT LEVEl pin 2 must be a ca refully sh a ped
>lfrV(l; CM' C6 negative-goin g pu lse. It s a mpli-
PlOof' O.OlIiF tude mus t swit ch from a n "off'
value grea ter than two-t hirds of
th e s u pplyvoltage to a n "on " val-
ue les s tha n one-t h ird of t he
s u pply voltage. (Tr igge r ing ac-
tuall y occu rs as pin 2 drop s
,,
the 555 in th e monosta ble mode
ca n be formed by convert ing the
OUll'UT ,, o Input s ignal to a good square
w ave th a t switches between the
fu ll positive s upply voltage a n d
groun d . T h e s q ua re wa ve is
FlG. 1 4-AD ~N DELAYED PULSE GENERATOR can be triggered by any Input waY&- th en cou pled to pi n 2 wi th a re-
torm (s).. Wavef orm s at input to 1C1 and those at the outputs of IC2 and 1C3 based on
d ifferent v alues 0 1 R and C (b ).. s tsto r-capactto r d iffere ntiati ng
ne twork h aving a s h ort time
co nst a n t. T h a t n e tw or k co n -
one-thi rd su pply voltage being under reduced visib ility. caus-
fed to TIUGGE H p in 2 of the 555. ing a low voltage to appea r a t th e
If th e trigger pul s e docs not fall R4 -R 5 j u nc ti o n . Un d e r that TABLE 2-CAPACITOR VALUES
below th at value. the timing cy- cond it ion . clos ing S I gen erates FOR PULSE-WIDTHS
cles ca n not be In it iated . a voltage puls e that pulls pin 2
In Fig. I I. th e phot ocell (re- below th e one-th ird s upply volt- Capacitors C3 Pulse Width Rang e
s is tor R4 ) a nd poten tiometer RS age valu e. triggering th e timer. (Microfarads) (Time in Seconds)
a re In se ries as a IIgh t-depen- Th e cadm iu m-su lphi de (CdS ) 10.0 90 ms . 1.2
de nt voltage d ivider. One s ide of p h ot ocell (res is to r R4 ) s hou ld 1.0 9 ms - l 20 ms
5 1 Is con nected to the j u nctio n h a ve a res is tan ce of 1000 to 0.1 900~ 12ms
betwee n R4 a nd R5 . a nd the 47 .0 0 0 oh ms und er " d a r k" 0.01 9O~ -1 .2ms
o th er s id e Is co n nec ted to p in 2 turn-on cond it ions. Potentiom- 0.001 9~ -120~
th rough a the n e twork of C2 e ter R5 ca n be adjus ted to p res et
a n d R3 . In normal daylight the th e m inimum "da r k" level for
photocells res ista nce Is low. s o a circ u it tr iggering. T he tr iM er verts the lea d ing o r t ra ili n g
h igh voltage a p pe a rs a t the s ignal is fed to pin 2 of the 555 edge s of th e squa re wave In to
juncti on of R4 a nd R5. As a re- through the C3 a nd R3 . a net- s u ita ble trigger pul ses .
s u lt . closing S I se n ds a volta ge wor k that s h a pes the tri gger Figure 12 sh ows a timing cir-
pu lse to p in 2 wh ose value Is too pulse a nd effectively isola tes th e cu it Lha t accepts Input s ignals
low to pull pin 2 below one -t h ird DC componen t of the phot ocell- already in the for m of s q ua re
of the s u pply voltage . Th us . th e poten ti om e ter n etwork fr om wa ves or pu lses . Transt s tor Ql
timer ca nnot be trlM ered with pin 2 . co n ve r ts a rect an gular In pu t
5 1 u nder th ose cond itions. s ign al In to a fonn th a t switches
However. th e phot ocell's res Is- Puls e ge nerators bet ween the posl tlvesu pplya n d
8' ta nce vatue In creases a t n igh t or In all of the circu its presented gro u n d . T he ou tput s ign a l Is
As s h own in Fig . 14-b . the
out put pulse at p in 3 of IC3 a p-
6
pears at a ti me Interval after the
R6 +5 TO ... 15V
.0< in it ial a pp lica tio n of the trigger
! s tgnal. This ti me delay widt h
~
,,- RJ ,,- R5 .r
T UI is determined by the prod-
uct of the valu e of ca paci tor C3
AI
'" '" , a nd the sum of th e values of re -
. ---'"
-- f- , 4 4
IC'
4
s is tor R5 a nd po tentiomet er RB.
IC 555
7
a 555 '" L
a '"
7 In accor dance with th e time de-
lay formula given earlier. Si m -
~
1
L -I
,fL j1(" , s eo ilarly. ou tput pu lse widt h t 0 2 Is
51
"0
5lAAT
l'
f el' C O2
O.Olj.1f
Q.OO lj.1f
,,- ~ C5
s
O.O l j.1f
O.OOl IlF
T
C7
'
1
CO
O.O l j.lf
determi ned with th e values of
C7. a nd R8 and R9 .
Th is crrcu tt ca n becom e pa r t
of a stand-alone pulse delay gen-
~
e ra to r by b u ild in g It Into a
C6 0IJT1>IIT 1 OUTPUT , s qua re-wave ge n erato r case.
O.OOlj.lf (SeE TEXll ISH TEXTl The sq uare-wave gene ra tor will
---- ~- ---- -- - - -- - - - - - ---' SElfCTO
---------- ---
VALUES OF -- ---
R AHOC provtd e the Initial trigger sig-
, 0IJT1>IIT J nals n eeded .
ISEETEXll A n u m b er o f m on o s t ab le
STAR~ to. 1- pulse generato rs ca n be placed
W
here will it he? Hawaii? Las \'c~as? ~ I cxi co? The Ba-
hamas?It's up 10 you. we're ~oj n g In send you a free
coupon for up to six days antifi re nil-:hts offree lodg-
10 outline all of
the details, hut
don't pass this up!
- --_. ..
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,
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' __
ing al the destination of YOUTchoice Xow did we get your at- Send us vour name,
tention? address -and S19.9;
Here's how it works: We sell hooks, and instead of adver-
Using our program on n' (al great expense) we dectdcd to
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...
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When you decideto participate in our program, we'll send and ,i O-Cfl UPIl I1 hook
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when we rec eive your fifth coupon. there'sa bonus for you ( L-\C;C,K Inc.
P.O. 81.1\ 4099
\~~~~~~~~J
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You're goingto be very impres sedwith the hook selections ....... _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - --
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_
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ity volumes you sec in bookstores at manyurncs your O\\U pur-
chaseprice. Frankly, there just isn't enough room on this page
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Set up a versatile sloping-vee antenna for
your shor twave receiver of ham rig
to improve your transmission
and reception at low
cost.
RICHARD A. FORMATO
,...
HEIGHT. H
RAD IATI NG
ELEMENTS ......
o.,J) SENSITIVE
DIRECTION
wh ich an te nna inpu t voltage
s ta nd ing- wave ra uo (VS\\J1U Is
.......... , les s t ha n o r eq u a l to so me
, .-"
,, ,, th res hold val ue . typi cally 2 to
1I~DENT
/'"
-- ......
\ ,
CURRE~ \
... v-,
'
"<, <, RES~
2.5 :I for transmitters and u p to
5 :1 for rece ivers. There a rc dif-
fe re n t th re sho lds because
tra nsm itter circ uits ca n not tol-
,/ '" .... .... ,
.-,' ... erate hi gh VSWR wit ho u t re-
du cing ou tp ut powe r or s tru t-
EARTH SURfACE "':;." t1n ~ down: by co n t ras t. a
(GROUNO PlANE) receiver is not lim ited by VSWH..
...... ............... For receive-only op era tio n , in -
creased a n ten na VSWR ca uses
RESISTOR ......... h l~h er mis ma tch los s int o the
, ./
V i tio n nea r th e reflecnon point
where It is bent back as a no ther
s tra igh t lin e ray from th e reflec-
5
V ti on poi nt to the recei ve r as
s hown In Fig. 3 .
,/ The a tta ina ble di st a nce In a
./
comm u nication path depen ds .
In pa rt. on the reflection hei ght.
./ wit h h igh er rellectio ns provrd-
Ing greater d is tances . HI" s ky-
2
/ wave propagation Is caused by
re ft ec t to ns f ro m t he to ne-
1/ s phe res layers: D layer (about
I 50 kil om e ters high ). E laye r
,/
(abo u t 120 kilometer h igh) a n d
o F layer (20 0 to 500 k ilome te rs
J 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 hi gh ). Me teor-tr ail refl ecti on s
VSWR a re of growing Interest because
FIG. 2-Pl OT OF MISMATCH LOSS In d ecibe ls ve. VSWR w it h one end of th e transmIs- of the Increased availability of
s ion-line matched . h igh-s peed packet da ta eq u ip-
ment. Those reflections occ ur a t
s tep Is th e co m putation of the cha ng ing refractive Index . This a ltttudes of a bout 100 kilo-
a n ten na radiation pa tt erns for process Is equivalen t to a spec- meters .
the d esired distances . u la r rcflccu on from a virtual re- The path geometry (reflectio n
T he assumed spec ification s flec ti o n po in t. T he Sim ples t h eigh t a n d t ra n s mt t te r-to-re-
for th e desi gn of a vee a n ten na
arc: VIRTUAL REFLECTION
Freq ue ncy ra nge- IS to 50 POINT
M Hz (continuous)
Propagati on mode-m et eor IONOSP HERE
tra ils a t 100 kilometers
Link dis tances--400 to 1200
kilometers (250 to 750 miles
An tenna siting-limi ted loan
area 100 x 100 feet a nd a heigh t
25 feet
MITEOA RffiECT ION
VF-
I
REFlECTlON
HEIGHT
f-LAYER 100TO 260MI
E-lAYER 60 TO 70 Ml
D-WER 35TO 60Ml
----
l . 40 METE RS
and It will be reta ined u nless the
ga in or pattern falls to meet the 40
I -60 METERS ,
design objectives. In that case. I
the s electio n process must be JO I I
repeated with a nothe r choice
for the apex angle. 20
10 20 30 40 50 60
Now look at th e vee Input re- FREOUENCY (MHll
sistance at the design a pex an- FIG. 7--QPTlMUM APEX ANGLE lor sloping-vee antenn a: plot of optimum angle vs,
gie. Figu re 8 Is a plot of Inpu t frequency for three different element lengths. 75
' 000
values a nd eleme nt length s of
.. f\.'\:
20. 40 and 60 me ters. Alth ough
o nly t h e 20 -mete r ele m e nt
meet s the 100 x 100 foot site
lim it . It's Instructive to s ee how
0
-, <, <, ,
s ho w th e patterns at 15. 30. a n d
5 0 MHz. Th os e fr equ e n c ies
<, F':::::: I--. l\lW
'"
ma rk th e end po ints a nd mid
portion of the desi red band . In
<;
"- N:::: I all th ree figu res the mas t h eigh t
Is 6 m eters . th e a pex angle Is
0
600
r:::::: I--..k- 69. the di am eter of th e elemen t
Is VIl Inch and th e termi nation Is
689 oh ms.
560 Res u lts a t in te rmediate fre -
500 ., I quencies are not included here.
60 55 The pa ttern s we re com p u ted
5 10 15 20 30 2535
FREOUENCY (MHz)
45 55
"
FIG. &-PLOT OF INPUT RESISTANCE vs . freq uency for a sloping-vee anlenna.
wit h the s lopi ng-vee a n ten na lo-
cated on rocky gro u nd with a
conduc tivi ty of 0 .001 s iemen s!
15- to 50-MHz vee Is shown In For the design exam ple. an el- meter and a d ielectric con st a n t
Fig. 9. Ea ch rad iating element ement length of 20 m eters was of 4 . Th e patterns chang e If d if-
Is 62 feet (20 meters ) long . and determ in ed from the s iti ng c ri- ferent ground consta n ts a rc as -
the a pex a ngle Is 69, The reo terion . Missing a re the des ign s u med . s o sens itivity to grou nd
qu lred se para tio n a t the ends of heights for the feed poi nt a nd cons ta nts wa s also exami ned.
the clemen ts ca n be calculated terminati ng resi stors. Becaus e although those results a re n ot
with trtgomom erry or plotted to the maximu m heigh t ca n not ex- Inclu ded here.
scale on paper wit h a p rot ractor; ceed 25 feet. It Is con ven ien t to Figure 10 s ho ws th e pa ttern
For th e 69apex angle. the ends s ta rt by assu mi ng a feed -potn t at 15 MHz. Th e left vertical axis
of th e elemen ts must be 72.5 he ight of 6 mete rs (19.5 feet) Is the a n te n na po we r gai n In
fee t apart. a nd a term in ation hetght at dBI (decibels relati ve to an Iso-
ground level. The effectiveness tro pIc ra d ia tor. an anten na th at
Step 3-Radlation Patterns o f those c h o ices will b eco m e ra diates in all dt recttons l, The
An antenna Is effi cien t only If clea r as the radi a tion pa tte rns horizontal ax is Is th e polar a n-
It radiates signa ls wit h ade- a re s tu died. gie in degrees. Note that the pol-
q uate gain in t h e d esired d irec- Radiation pa tt erns were cal- a r angle. n ot th e ta ke-off a ngle.
tion. The final s tep In the desi gn cula ted every 5 MHz from 15 to is used on th e hori zontal scale.
of th e vee is to compu te Its radi- 50 MHz. the Intended operating A pola r a ngle of zero Is a vertical
a tio n patterns to verify th at th ey range. with th e tentative design with re sp ect t o th e Ea rt h
meet the ga in requi rements .
Softwa re com pa ti ble wit h per-
so na l computers Is ava ila ble for
th is purpos e fro m th e sou rce
lis ted In Sou rces of Mate r ials .
Certain pa ramete rs s uc h as
feed-poi nt h eigh t. tenntnatlon
heigh t. and elem ent le n g t h
s h ould be va r ied before wr iti ng
a fina l a nten na spec ification.
Cha nging a ny of those param-
eters will modify the ra diation
patterns. The des ign p rocess Is
complete whe n the a n ten na ra-
dt ates accep ta ble patterns. If a
s pec ific des ign do es n 't meet re-
quirements. th e process should
be rep eated with new design val-
u es until they a re m et . A re-
pet iti ve a p p roac h e n s u res a
good dest gn . a nd also gives the
dest gne r In sight Into h ow a n
a n ten na's perform a nce changes FIG. 9--FlNAL DIMENSIONED DESIGN fo r a sloplng.vee antenna that can be set up on
7' with parame ter diffe rences. a 100 x 100 foot plot.
5
(zenith). while 90 Is parallel to
th e Ea rt h's s u rface (ho rizon).
,
la40 METERS
, Take-off a ngles of Interest. 8 to
< "\1
0 la6Q METERS 25. correspond to polar a ng les
/ of 82 to 65 tn the figure. The
~V desi gn objective Is to obta in at
leas t 0 dBI ga in In a mai n lobe
5
..11/ L-20M~ ~ propagati ng gene ral ly bet ween
polar a ng les of 65 to 82.
\
Ii iP< j 1\
The main lobe maxtrn um ga tn
at 15 MHz Is -1.5 dBI a t 5"r for
th e 20-me ter element. Th e lob e
- 10 Is broad . and the gain rolls off
s lowly on eithe r s tde of th e max-
If/ Imum. Th e -3 dB po in ts are at
-. ~ 0/
abou t 32 a n d 74 . The h igh es t
ga in. 1.5 dBI. Is obtatned with
5 the 4G-meterelement In a broa d
o 10 20 ~ ~ ~ 00 ro ~ ~
m ain lobe th a t s hows mi n or
FIG. lo-GAIN Vs. POLAR ANGLE for a slo pi ng-vee ante nna abo ve rocky ground et a
lrPquency of 15 MHz fo r vari ou s element lengths. sca llo ping Istde lobt ng l n ear
40. T he pattern fo r t h e 60-
5 m eter elemen t s hows s igns of
"21,~ ~~,\
breaking up -a s ign ificant s ec-
ondary lobe Is forming near 18.
The 30-MHz pattern (Fig. II I
e
1/.1 Mm_ Is Interesting becaus e all three
cleme nt s produ ce a maxi mum
gai n of a bo ut 4 dBI . a nd the ir
...- Ii ~
ma in lobe s tructu res a re very
si m ilar. The lobes a re broad a nd
z -5 smooth between 4 0 a nd 88
~ and the -3 dB points are near
55 a nd 82. The 40- and 60-
meter ele ments s how con s id -
-1
, 1,-, f\ f\ 1'\ II erable pattern scalloping be-
tween 0 a nd 40. bu t the 20-
meter clement Is electrically too
V fA
'"
s hort to deve lop a h ighly struc-
tu red pa tt ern.
- 15 Sca llo p ing Is du e to co n-
e 20 40 70 00
" " 60
AG . 11-GAIN VS. POLAR ANGLE for slo pi ng-vee anle nna abov e roc ky groun d at a
frequ ency of 30 MHz fo r variou s element lengths.
s tructive a n d destructive Inter-
fe re nce b etween d ir ec t r ays
from the a nten na a nd rays re-
5 flected from the Ea rth's su r face.
Electrica lly long antennas (mea -
s u red In wavelengths) a re more
WO MJRS s uscep tible to scallop ing than
s ho rter o ne s. Sidelobes was te
e energy by rad ia ti n g It In u n -
r!W\Mm~
I "
l=40METERS
desired directions . Good a n ten -
na designs. therefore. minim ize
stdelobes as much as possible.
T he 50-MHz vee pattern Is
s ho wn In Fig. 12. The main lob e
ts again s im ilar for the three ele-
ment length s . Maximum ~at n Is
about 6 .5 dB I n ear 77(13 tak e-
- 1c OC oro. a nd th e -3 dB points a rc at
IJ approxtma tely 70 a n d 83. The
- 15
010 Ii \
2030405060
'' 10
\h
80 90
main lobes are s moot h a nd nar-
rower than th ey a re at th e lower
freq ue ncies. Th e 20- meter ele-
m ent Is b eg inn ing to s how
POI..AR ANGLE. TIiElA(DEGREES) some scallopi ng. It h as a peak
A G. 12~AIN V5 . POLAR ANGLE lor slopi ng-vee antenna above rocky ground at a sldelobe gatn of -2 dBI at 50). n
frequency ot 50 MHz for variou s element lengths.
However. the 40- a nd GO-meter 11
antenna elements show mo re
s cal loping a nd even htghe r si de-
lobe ga ins . 10 f-
" BAlUN
An assessment of t he pat - RAD IATIIIGElEMENT
terns suppor ts the concl usion .1 J. 64FT 31'
OHMS
-
th at a vee a n te n na wit h 2 0-
meter clemen ts fed a t a a- meter ," 75FT
69' AP EXANGLE
~ -
h eigh t wit h a 6 9 a pex a n d :11,,,
gro u n d- level te r m ina ti ng re-
s is to rs mee ts t he obj ecttves . "
~.
~;"u; SHORT IIIG
-
Ga in could be Improved at the
low end of the band with a lon-
, - TYPE-N
BARREL
",<'"4-.... WIRE
-
ge r radiating eleme nt. but th at
could violate the site limit . 5 75FT 3OTOHMS -
"
T he act ual di me nsions s e- 1
COAXIAL FEED = VSWR
CALIBRATION -; -
lec ted for the vee a n ten na a re
those of Fig. 9. A s h or ting wire "
CABlE RG-213IU POmT
provide s t he c u r re n t p a t h . AG. 14-PLOT OF VSWR Y5. FREQUENCY lor sloping-vee antenna with charac-
teristics shown.
Om itting the s horti ng wire in a
vee moun te d on poorly co n - The a -meter a nte n na m as t
duc ting grou n d degrad es per- SOURCES OF MATER IALS was a s ingle 20-foot sectio n of
form ance s ign ifica n tly. The following companies are rou nd z-mch d iame ter Extren
sources lor materials and com- 500 fiberglass tubi ng: wit h 1f4 -
Ant enna Co n str u c ti on a n d puter software lor th is project: Inch wa ll thicknes s . This mate-
M easured VSWR Toro id al ferrite cores (Part No. rlalls s trong. durable. a nd ea sy
The anten na s ho wn In Fig. 9 FT240-43)-Radio Kit. lnc., P.O. to machine. Extren 500 Is avail-
Bo x 973. Pelham, NH 03076,(603)
was built a nd tes ted on rocky 635-2235 able as round a nd square tub-
grou n d In New Eng lan d. It was Fil m power res isto rs-Power In g . r igh t -a n gi e s toc k. flat
fed through a 14 : I balun wou nd A im Systems, Inc Yellville, AR s toc k. and l-bea m s in va ri ous
with 18 AWG m ag net wire on a n6a7. (5ll1) . ....091 sizes . A s u itable bas e for a self-
2-l nc h outside diamete r toro i- An te nna design software- s upporti ng mas t ca n be made
da l fer rite core. The turns ra tio Phadean Engineering Co Inc. from those mat er ia ls .
P.O. Bo x 611. Shrewsbury. MA
is the sq uare root of th e Imped- 01545 , (508 ) 869-60n Alte rnati vely. t h e fibe rg las s
a nce ra tio (in th is case 3. 75 :1l. Phosphorbronze wire-Astra mas t ca n be guyed at several
The bal un was wou nd wit h 2 Indu strie s, tnc. , Dayton , OH poin ts . T h e b alun . eye-hoo k
turns In Its prim a ry a n d 7 .5 4343 2. (800) 543-5810 s tra in reliefs for th e vee radtat-
tu rns In Its secon dary. If t he Fiberglass tUblng-J. T. Ryer- tng cle m e n ts . a n d the inpu t
son ce., P. O. Box 1111, B o ston,
s loping-vee Is to transmit. the MA 02103, (617) 782-6900
c oax ia l c o n necto r w e re
ba lu n s hou ld b e tes ted for mounted as s ho wn In Fig. 9 . If
power handling by operating at fiberglass tubing for the mast Is
fu ll power for several hours. Any such as transmi tt e r over heat- not rea dily available or it costs
problems that mi ght d evelo p I n~ a nd a rc ing will s how up. mor e than you want to spen d
The s imples t way to test a bal- (about $ 4 pe r foot) . oth er s uit-
un Is to buil d two a nd con nect able Insulati ng ma terials s uch
th em back-to-beck as In Fig. 13. as th ick-wail polyvinyl ch lor ide
~;,::;DAAO
V SECDND~;~~ One ba lu n is con n ected 10 the
tra n sm it te r a n d t he o th er Is
co nnected to a 50-oh m du m my
(PVC l tu b ing Is a good s u b-
s titu te.
Ot her less expe ns ive mas t a l-
load . T h is s etup ca n also test for ternatives Include wood beams
2 TURNS 2 TURNS Insertion los s by measu rt ng the or even Itvtng trees .
Input a nd ou tput power. The In - The a n ten na radiatin g e le-
7.5TURHS 7.5TURns sertion loss In decibels for one ments were 62-foot length s of
BAlUN 1 BAl..UH 2 bal u n is 5 log lo (ou tp ut power! un Insu la ted 7 x 19 stranded
FIG. 13-B ACK-TO-BAC K INSERTION input power ). The mea su red in - phosphor-bronze wire wtt h a di -
LOSSTEST01balunstcr sloplngveean- sertion loss of the bal u n In thi s a me te r of Ifll- Inc h . S t ra n ded
78 tenna. thi s vee was a low 1.5 dB. con ti n ue d on page 100
I- --11" ",p--_ .I- "t". ::----~l---
, II AMl' ---1
1+19511B TO TAlI ,I {-9 .5<lB TOTALI ,, (+ 15<lB TOTAl)
,
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RF A M P : 8AlJJK:fO
51 flLTER + 20dB 'OT FllJER MIXER :
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7"
'H Pur~ -6; ~ H I ' ~ ~OUWUT
o3dB '" "dB -aee -O>dB
X "if" -{),;-
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I
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350- 380
MHz
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A G. 4-PART5-PLACEMENT DIAGRAM. ThIs layout mu st be lollowed exaclly to dupli-
cate the performance 01 the downcon verfer. Some components mount on th e sete er
.f
side ollhe board as show n In A g. 6.
M Y AS GU10
60 to 70 MHz (the difference fre-
quency between received signal
TURN SCRFN TO
a nd L.a . frequency) a ppears at """"- 00 NOT
mix e r term in a l X. T he re is DISTURBCOil.
about a 7-dB loss in the mixer. TIHE NOS
Coil L5 provides a DC return for TU""'''.
the mixer IF port A low-pas s fil-
ff""",
termad e up of Cl 6 . L6. C I7, L7. 0.00
and C I8 elimi nates any remain- TIN ENOS (USED IN Le)
WlTH SOLDER
Ing UHF s ignal componen ts ap - BEfORE INSTAlI..ATION
p earing a t termin a l X . Tran-
s is to r Q3 Is a n IF a mp lIfie r
stage. which Is biased by R13.
R14. and RI5 to a VCE of B volts A G. S--COILS l1, L2, ANO l3 are three tu rns each of 20 AWG ti nned wire wound
and a collec tor cu rre nt of about aroun d a No. a screw and stret ched to 0.3 Inch. The lead from J1 hn "s center
B mA o TIm ed circuit LB. C2 1. conductor sol dered to L1 at . tum from the grounded end. Resistor R5 1a sold ared 1l'1
a nd C22 ca n be tu ned to either turn s fro m the end of L2 that connects to R6,C7, and ca. Coli L3 1s tapped at 1t um fro m
the grounded end. Colli L6 and L7 are a tu rns each 0122 AWG enamelled wIre wound
ch a n nel 3 or 4 . The signal from on a No.8 sc rew. Coli LS ls 9\011 tum s ol 22 AWG enamelled wIre wound on a No. 8 sc rew
the low-pass filter Is co upled to with a ferri te tun ing slug added.
Q3s basevlaC19.1tanslstorQ3
provtdes about a IS-d B ga in: Its
ou tput signal a ppea rs a t J2 .
Power for th e down convert e r is
supplied throu gh D3 . wh ich
protects aga inst reve rs e volt-
ages. a nd C24 a nd C26 . wh ich
bypas s RF a nd noise.
Resistor R IO couples DC bias
to 0 2 supplied from tu nt ng-po-
tentlomet er R14 . Com pone n ts
R16. 04 . and C25 provide 9
volts OC for that pu rpose. If de-
s ired . RIO ca n be s upplied wtth
external DC for remote-control
tuning, or to allow the down-
converte r to be moun ted close to
th e a n ten na. T hat Is com monly
done to redu ce tran sm tss ton-
line loss es between the a n tenna
a n d conve r ter- losses run hi gh
at 450 MHz unless very expen-
s ive transm iss ion lin e. s uc h as
V:z-Inch hard lin e, Is u sed . ICyou
are plan n ing on re mote-con trol-
lin g th e co nver ter. Ins tall R14 so FIG. 6-ALL CHIP CAPACITORS, C10(see Fig. 8), and 01 mounl on the solder aide of
Its easy to move. the board. The m.r1dngs on 01 face the compo nent side 01the board. 83
age. T he DC volt age Is im -
pressed on the ca ble a s follows :
SOlDER GH(I.E
A no m ina l 26-voIt power sou rce
Ik~
~ I
f
q
PC OOARll
I
:
~
'c:v &'I.. ~Lt."
I
SOUlfR
pc BOARD
~
f
a t the ATV rece ive r s tation Is
con nected to g 7. a 2N2222 NPN
transi st or used as a n em itter-
follower. Resistors R2 2 a nd R23
produce a variable voltage of 14
to 26 volts a t ihe base of g7.
PIECfOFWIRE
AROU~~~I~~O F PC
BOARD AIlOSOLDER ALLAROUI/D.
~
~
----..1t, whose em it ter will follow th e
voltage . Power Is s u pplied to the
ca ble th rough Lit a n d by vary-
Ing po tentiomet er H.23 . th e volt-
age a pplied via R22 to the ca ble
FIG. 7-ALL HOLES MARKED " GOO In FIg. 4 mu st have jumpe r wire s passed thr ough a t J 3 ca n be adj u s ted bet ween
them thai are soldered o n bot h si des of th e PC boa rd as s how n here. Also, bot h si des 14 a nd 24 volts . Ca pac ito r C3 5
01the boar d mu st be grounded together wit h ccpper-Iell ta pe as show n. prevents a ny DC voltage from
a ppea ring at J4 .
The DC voltage Is take n off
the ca ble via th e 18 jJ.H RF choke
AU rnISEDGE TO LID. CapacitorsC30and C3 1re-
REOOCE GAI'OClTANC{
move noise from the DC voltage
a n d p ro vid e a n RF g rou nd .
POSIti ve volt age Is fed to the
Cl0JUSTfliG HT downconverter via the cab le's
center co nd uc tor a n d the o u ter
s h ie ld s e rves a s the negative
s upply lead : It Is grounded to
th e case a nd g rou nd fall .
Th e DC Inpu t Is fed to 0 6. a
CtOTOO lARGE tz -vol t Ze n er dtod e Ia IN75 9
ca n he u s ed ). Ca pacitors C33
an d C34 filte r a ny noise from
th e voltage whlch will be 12 volts
les s than the volt a ge on the
coax ial transmission line ( + 14
ClO TOO SMAll to + 24 volt s ). o r + 2 to + 12
PC BOARD volts DC. That Is fed to RIO.
whi ch feed s th e tun ing voltage
FIG. 8--10 MAK E C10, ta ke a small FIG. 1~EA K THE CONVERTER tor a to the downconverte r va ra ctor.
square of GolD, O.062inc h PC boa rd rna- response as show n here. By tri mmin g
le rlal and tr im it 10 8 ~ .. Inc h s qua re. In- C10 with a file you can expe ri ment with
By varying the DC voltage on the
stalll! on the solder side of the board In th e coupling and reeuuent bandpass tra nsm iss ion line bet ween + 14
the location shown In Fig. 6. shape. and + 24 volts. n ot o nly can the
downconver ter he powered . hu t
It ca n he remotely tuned to a
des ired frequen cy as well.
Not e th at t h e co mp o ne n ts
s hown In Fig. 3 a re not pa r t of
th e downconve rter board. a nd
they are u sed on ly if remote op-
era tlon Is req u ired.
Construction
The PC board ma te rtaf tu-to.
0 .062 In ch thick glass e poxy )
a nd layout mus t be followed ex-
a c tly to d u plicate the per for-
ma n ce of the downconvcrter.
The s tray ca pa cita nce. coupling
FlG. 9-THE AUTHOR'S PROTOTYPE. The con verter should be mou nted In a metal be tween eleme n ts. a n d L4 a re
bo ll , weathe rp roo f If ou tdoo r use Is Intended. a ll In teg ra ted In to the des ign of
th e boa rd . Any la yo ut de vra-
Figure 3 s hows how J 2 ca n be theATV receiver s tation . The ca - lions ca n cha nge thos e s pec ifi-
co n nected to a lo ng coax ia l ble is Isola ted fro m grou n d and cations. The foil pa tterns a re
84 transmission lin e that runs to ca n therefore ca rry a DC volt- contin ued on page 109
HARDWARE HACKER
Apple's Photo Grade, electronic halftones, consultants network,
marketing your ideas, and two great new books.
DON LANCASTER
O
h, the times. th ey are a- ex crtmq possibil itie s as a so-per- M any of those prevlo us-qenere-
changi ng . We s e em to cent autho rs royalty and rapid CO tion laser printers were 3000PI de-
have a mixof really badand ROM distribution . M uch mo re on vic es, capa ble of placing or not
-early awesome stuff coming down this on GEnie PSRT. placing 300 whole dots per inch uni-
etely Let's start off with some of Very alarmingly, so me community form ly along anyone selected laser
the sadder vibe s... colleg es are cutti ng back on or out- scan line. ThaI translates to 90.000
Heat hkit has recen t ly discon- right e liminati ng th eir elec tronics do ts per square inch, or a tad Oller 8
tinued production on most of its departments. And many elect ronic million dot s on a standard page . If a
electronic kits. It's the end of an era service and repair tr ade journals dot is only black or wh ite, it can
for s ure. have vanished with out a trace . usually be represented on the page
But a funky little outfit called But-we now have got the riches t bitmap or in your frame device as a
M usty Man uals is setti ng out to and most incredible variety of cheap single bit . Thus, around a megabyte
stock and make available all of new chips to play wi th. Anywhere . wo rth of memory must be reserved
those older Heath assembly books Ever. We heve major breakthroughs for your full-page bilmap at 3000 PI
and inst ruction manuals. A nd lots of in hacker direct-ton er printed clr- resolut ion.
exciting hack er kits are being made curts. We have a brand-new Elec- The obvi ou s big dilemma in rais-
available from such outfits as PAIA. t r o n ics Now fo rmat w it h new ing your laser-printer resolution is
Old CcIony. and Micro M int. Plus, feature s and fresh ideas that con- this; As you go from 300 OPI to
of course, through several of the tinue s the o ldest ongoing elec- 1200 OPI, you could end up requir-
adverti sers in this magazine . tronics magazine publishi ng house . ing sixteen times the memory ! And
The tec hnical paperback book And we are some thing like a scant your page makeu p ti mes could end
field (especially the non -compute r eigh t years awayfrom hardwa re that up sixteen tim es as l ong ! Yet
titles> is clearly not well . Sams is can surpass the human brain in logic "more" resolution is perceived to
essentially gone . boug ht out by and analysis capabilities .. be a big user need . Or is it?
Macmillan and tri aged into an eth- Right now is certainly the great- Actually. laser-printing resolu tion
ereal shadow of what once was the es t time everto be getting into hard- is pretty near as highly overrated as
mo st respec ted and d ive rsifi ed ware hacking in a vel)' big way. Peterbilt trucks or teena ge sex. But
technical bo ok publish ers in th e that's an other story for a no the r
world. TAB has been purchased by Electronic h alftones time. I strongly feel that higher res o-
M cGrawHill and become a subsidi- I've recently bee n playing arou nd lution is not wo rth losing genuine
ary. I have been getting plenty of with the new LaserWriter G and am Adobe Level II PostScript, duplex
helpline complaints ab out several vel)' impres sed :Mth its new ability printing options, low per-page print-
sources that offer dated and jnac cu- to print med ium- to high-quality pho- ing cost s , mainstream technology.
rate titles. Believe it or not . your IRS to halft ones . So, I thought we might good thrrd- party supply sourcea.Jo-
is now paying publishers to shred review w hat is involved in the laser cal hard-disk suppo rt. or any slee p.
books. especially old tec hnical pa- printing of photo s in general , and A poo rly scanned photo (or o ne
perbac ks , th roug h an obscure in- see j us t wh y A p p l e 's n e at that's not properly histogram equal-
ve ntory ru ling t hat ha s totally PhotoGrade proce ss seems to beat ized'J will end up looking even worse
decimated lonq.term back lists and ou t brute-force method s-and how on the premium machines. f
older tec hnical titles. we can do even better. O ne zero -cost way to inc rease ~
But-an incredibly exci ting new you r printer's resolution when you' d '::
opportunity called Bo o k -a n-de - like " camera ready" art for co nven-
man d publishing is emerging in NEED HELP? tional pri nting: Ju st wo rk oversee
w hich you can produ ce first-quality and then photoreduce. Most of my
paperback and hardback books ht- Phon e or w rite you r Hardwa re Har d ware Hacker f igures a re
Hacker Questions d irect ly to :
erally on your kitch en table when printed at 133 percent normal size
Don Lancas ter
andas they are ordered. With a " for- Sy nerget ic s and are the n reduced here for an
ever" back list. no IRS inven tory Box 809 effective resolution of a scan t 400
penalties , and no lower limit to the Thatcher, AZ. 65552 OPt. Yet I feel th ey loo k as good as
total number of sellable vol umes (602) 4284073 mos t of the other technical figures.
needed . And it also includes such A n easy way of making a 300D PI 85
cepts and stores a few of the scan
lines on their final WC1'f out to the
laser scanner. By analyzing a mat rix
000 000 000 0 .0 0.0 formed from the nearby dots on ear-
000
000 0.0
000
0
000
0
000 000
lier and late r lines. certain dot post-
nons are delayed by one-half a dot.
following a smoothing algorithm.
The result is a really big unprove-
0.0 0 0 ment in most typography and some
0.0
0 0.0 0
graphics. especially for reproducing
slanted lines.
. - - -;;-
Despit e all the hype, the circuitry
involved is simple and cheap. And it
can end up totally independ ent of
FIG. 1- A LASER PRINTERca n l ake a halfto ne by gro uping dots Into a larger " cell. " In the imaging model or language in
th is example, a 3 x 3 piller array fo rms a cell that can have ten gray levels, including use .
bla ck and white. On a 300-DPI prtnte r, this would lorm a "100 line, 0 deg ree " halftone But plain old smoo thing can't help
screen.
halhone photos. and it may even
' II
" II
smoothing job . That concept was
" , , ,
"
pioneered by Hewle tt-Packard as , .. : :: ' . -, L; .
Resolution Enhancement Tech- , . ' - '
. , .. ..
.
,
.'
-
nology. I. , ' , ' ,
1111
,
,
,
,
"
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.
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., ,
"
.
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," II
HARDWARE HA CKER STUFF
II
",
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CMOS Cookbook 24.50 cr
TTL Cook b ook 24.50 " , , ' ,
ActIve FlIter Cookbook 18.50 '-
' . " , . ' , ,,'
~
' "
Micro Coo kbook vol I or II 19.50 , , . ," '
~
POI!S~,; p l Show 8. T.ll 39.50
Int,o 10 Po.tS~"pt VHSVI6eo 39.50
Po .tS~'lpt e .glnne' Stu11 39.50
PO. ISc ript Cookbook (AclobeJ 16.50
"'.n....
~~
Po.lS~ ript R. I. III(Adobe) 26.50
PO.tScripl Progflm De.Ign( Adobel 22.50
T,pe I Font Forml! (AdoM) 15.50
laHrWritet R.I n~ . (Apple) 1.50
Reel World Po.t.e,lpt (Roth) 22.50 60 SP I. 0 deg.... 60SPI. 37d'lIrHS 511 SPI. 15 d.grH' 56SPI.23d.g",s
Po .lS~rip l VI.....I A pprOl~ h (Smith) 22.50 26 g y. ~ gray. 27 g.., . 30 gray.
Thinking In Po.IS~,lpl (R.ld) 22.50
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r
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That sort of explains the " Sunday 70 19
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much coarser than 300 OPI. Some
excellent graphic PostSc ript grays you now have 37 gray levels. Or 50 S o FIorido
are available at 300 DPI. They need gray levels at an 85cellsper-inch CIRCLE 113 ON FREE IHFQRUOO'" CAIIO
NAMES AND NUMBERS
density. That cou ld make the dif- cus to m-designed LSI chips . An d
ference between lou sy and not half while you retain the same 4 x mem-
bad photo halftones . Es pec ia lly ory penalty as a brute for ce 600 x
WITHA NEWSUBSCRIPTION TO:
7HE SPEe-coM JOURNAL! given a proper digital image pro- 600. you'll get four times the effec -
cessing. tive resolution !
Getting your FCC Amateur Radio L i- Apple has chosen th e more ele- The result? Good to better photo
cense is eas ier t han ever belore
(NO-COOE requi rement - see R.E. gant PhotoGrade method shown in halft ones out of any plain old 300-
April 9 1 Issue. pages 272 8) . SCi is Fig . 5 . They remained at 300 DPI. D Pl laser-printer engin e. Especially
an SO-page per issue HAM RADIO but added three extra bitmap mem - wi th premium ton er and pro per ly
ma~ azin e tha t cov ers ALL the spe-
cialized modes . Modes like HAMTV, ory planes for a tot al of four. Then sca nned image pro ces sing . The
~d iole l etype . Satelll te", WXFAX they modulated their laser dot size PhotoGrade is also upgradab!e on
and Computer Oala Transm issions. older NT and NTX print ers w Ith a
Current issue just $3.75 ppd . to one of sixteen values. You now
can have sixteen times as many po- simple plug-in board .
Annual Subscriptions (6 issues): tent ial gray levels as you did at 300
$20 USA $25 canada/ Mexico
$30 Foreign (Sortace) D PI wi th only a sing le memo ry Can w e d o b ette r?
plane. At 106 DPI. you now have a I think we can . At least in theory.
The SPE C-C OM Jou rnal much better 129 gray levels avail- For any I OO-spot-per-inch t ile at
P.O . Box 1002, able . That is equal to a brute force plain old 300 DPl . we are USing nine
Dubuq ue, IA 52004- 1002 resolution of 1200 D PI! bits to call out only 10 different spot
(319) 5578791 There is only a negligible speed value s. Since nine bits could repre-
BSS (319) 5823235
pe nalty. s inc e a ll fo ur me mory sent 512 different state values . the
90 planes are written in parallel by memory use efficiency is a tad un-
bit s can y i e l d u s up t o needs seems a really big deal.
' RO D U CT MARKETING RE- 68 .719.476.736 different state s. Thus, it should be theoreti cally
SOURCES our memory use efficiency is essen- po s s ib le t o bui ld a 300 DPI
tially zero ! Thus. virtually all of that Po stSc ript laser printer with out -
)eslgnTech International
App le PhotoGrade memory bitmap standing photo halftones. A 1697-
'401 Fullerton Road
;Pringfield. VA 22153 is torally wasted' DPI equivalent. At zero speed or
703) 866-2000 Instead. let's go back to. sa;, 100 memory penalties, Hmmmm...
:lACLE 330 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD spots per inch at a plain old 300 OPt I have posted lots of halftone and
Once in the center of every desired sec re t gray study exam ples to
tncyctopedte 01 Association s halft one SP OI . put oul a single laser GEnie PSRT. especia lly my files
135 Penobscot Building dot having 512 possible size values. 129, 141, 144, 179. 180, 231. and
Jetroit, MI 48226
Presto. A mmd-blcwmq total of 51 2 239. I've also uploaded some high-
313) 961-2242
CIRCLE 331 ON FREE INFOR MATION CARO grays at 100 DPI; Or a perfect 256 quality images t hat you can play
grays up at the usual 106 DPll This wit h. eit her insi de or ou ts ide
3Enie is for photo halfto ne dot s only; you PostScript. In particular. check out
lO1 North washington Street would st ill be able to do special LENA.PS. M AND RILL.PS. and my
=lockville. MD 20850 screens and weird spot functions enhanced LENAHIST. PS.
800) 638-9636 the old way. Patterns, 100.
CIRCLE 332 ON FREE INFORMATI ON CARD
For us to make full use of what Marketing your products
inventor-Entrepreneur Network seems theoretically designable. you I was pleasantly surprise d to find
1663 Plymouth Road would need some special automa tic that the leading invention marketing
enn Arbor. Ml 48105 mode sen sing for t he hal ft one firms are now publishing their track
(313) 663-8000 areas. And a diamond-shaped laser records-up front in their initial mail-
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beam wh o se diameter could be ings. One of the oldest and largest
Micro-Mint controlled over a 25-decibel or 16:1 discloses; Of the ideas submitted
4 Park Street, Suite 20 ra ng e. D ow n from a maximum and contracted. the odds of getting
Vernon, CT 06066 slightly unde r three times larger a royal ty license are 100;1 against.
(203) 875-2751 than is now used. None of those continued on page 93
CIRCLE 334 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
MidnIght Engineering
111 E Drake Road Suite 7041
Ft Collins, CO 80525
1303) 491-9092
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3200 Teakwood lane your reliable source for
Edmond, OK 73013
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a world ofcrystal clear
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LARRY KLEIN
A
that several years ago the com pac t.
aud io forma ts? Is th ere a fu- conveni e nt -to -use, and re latively Ove r the years. I've occasio nal
ture for OAT. DeC, and the rugged prerecorded cass ett e start , defended the hl-f industry eqatns
mini disc- not to mention record - ed to outse ll LP's des pite the LP 's the recurre nt charge of engaging i
able C D 's? superior so und qu ality and low er " planned o bsolescence." The cor
I have alway s considered myself price . For the same reasons , the version fro m 78 's to LPs. tube s t
relalivety immune to the effects of late st figures ShON that C D 's are tran sistors, mono FM and reco rd
" Future Shock," A s yo u may recall . nON ou ts elling cass ettes in dollar to ste reo all struck me as wort t
the dread ed FS Sy ndro me de - volume . N ext year 's f igure s w ill w hil e adva nces in t he au di o ar
sc ribes the disturbed and dlsort- probab ly ShON superi or sales in ab - rath er th an nefenou s plots to se
ented behavior of those suffering solute numbers as we ll, new products . With todeys ted
input overload brought on by too What doe s all this tell us about nologies I'm not so sure.
many life changes happening too the relatively sudden proliferation of Is Ja pan so filled w ith tech
fast. new audio formats-and consumer nolog ica lly obsessed ma rke ter
Stud ents of sociology are aware reactions to them in the past several that they co mpulsively cre ate nell
that the o rganization of any society years? Are t he Japane se (a nd audio formats ob liviou s to co nsum
roughly reflec ts the way that the others) engag ing in a strange rit e of er need s and reacti ons? Is the i
people in it make their living . A nd mut ual comme rcial throa t-cutti ng? guiding philo sophy so mething lik_
the kind of work thai people do . in For example, no sooner did the C D the cla ssic adve rtising age ncy ap
tum , derive s from the te chnological format es tablis h itself than digital preach. "Let's run it up the flagpolt
level of the socie ty. Since te ch- audio tape (DAn wa s introduced, and see if anyone salutes." ? If so
nology is cumulative . it follows that Although the two forma ts were not it's an exp ensive and frequently self
change . for better or worse. is inev- really co mpetitors any more than defea ting way to run an indust ry.
itable. (I cou ld cite hist orica l data for LP's and open-reel tapes were , co n- Several years ago. the consumer
all this. but for the sake of argu- sumer confusion wa s rampant. And elec tron ics trade publication Twic~
ment, just take my word for it), It has con sumers stayed away from the ran an interview with Hiraki Shimizu
been suggested in other conte xts DAT fo rmat in droves! genera l manager of JVC 's Persona
that the way to deal wi th the inevita- Then, in 1986, the word wa s out Au di o Pro du c t s D ivi s i on . Mr
ble is to relax and, if possible , enjoy that various co mpanies were work- S himizu's comments were so star
it. But for many audio philes, their ing on a recordable C D , Ab out four tlingly different from the usual sel f
fun is threate ned by the pro liferat ion ye ar s ago o ne co m pany hel d a serving presentations heard at new-
and confusion of many compe ting pre ss conference du ring which it pro du ct p ress co n fe rences tha i
formats , was claimed that their dig ital record - they are worth quoting . Shimizu was
Al l this is by way of a psycho- er/playerwould be on the market in troubled by what he ca lled the eth-
historical introduction to the pres- abou t two years -and wou ld cost ical C!l aspec ts of today's prourera-
en t state of ho me audio elec tronics , les s t han $500! II d idn' t happen tron of fo rmats . He suggested that
In post art icle s I've loo ke d at the then, but recently Carver and Philips the industry was coming o ut with
question of new formats and exam- announ ced the imminent release of too many products too fast without
ined the fac to rs that make th em into a new breed o f compact -d isc re - co nsidering th e int erest--or best
hits or misses . A s I see it. the major- corders . A clue to the targ et mark et in terests -of the consu mer, OAT
ity of audio con sumers are most in- for the mach ine is given in the Car- t e c h n o l o gy. a c co rd ing to M r.
terested in a format's convenience ve r press releas e ; " Professional Shimizu . came too fast and the ap -
and only secondarily in its fidelity. use r net price of the PDR -I O is un- plicat ion came later; as a result the
Alth ough I ce rta inly don 't discoun t der 58,000." In truth. I don't have a market has not tak en off. The ap-
the very low dist ort ion and noise - feel fo r the professional in the re- plicatio n should come first. he said .
free qualities of the C D format. its ' co rding indu stry, but audio co nsum- In his view the most import ant thing
obvio us att rac tions-for th e aver- ers are not likely to be waiting in line is how the new pro duct w ill fit into
age co nsumer- mos tly resid e in its to invest so heavily in an unp roven the market.
durability and convenient handling. product with (for them ) somehwat O ther vo ic es of discon ten t are
92 My evide nce for all this is the fact ob scure advan tages , heard in the land. A writer in The
HARDWARE HAC KER
continued from page 91
ooking at a line of video on an like to talk about "un its of video" two are directly related as shown on
simply to undo what they've spent a AG . 1- TYPICAL LINE OF VIDEO. Most of the line Is devoted to the picture area, but "'5
lot of money doing. lhe control area that we're Interesled In.
You don't have to be a rocket sci-
entis t to mess up video-that is
true both aesthe tically and seen- (I V) 1 00
tifically. The hard part is to do it in . 0
such a way that you can put it back
together again . This mean s that
there has to be a rigorou s ep- "
70
1/01..7,,16 J'E~ Sl/S TI ME
proach-almost a mathematical 60 ~OR T#E .HO IV .z. O N 7;4L
.rN T.i!"-'!~l.. Q',t ,;4 CH
one-to tearing the signal apart . (/N ITS OF 50 L / N t!:. OF VI O .O
Take a look at-and get intimately VI DEO
(JJltE. l eo
familiar with-the typical line of vid-
eo shown in Fig. 1. While most-of .s
the time on the line is devoted to the 20
picture area , it 's the control area '0
where the real .........::>rk is done . The C. 3V) 0
signal in the picture area determ ines
what you'll be seeing on the screen -'0
-2
but the stuff in the control area is
what tells your TV where to put the - 30
picture and how it's supposed to ( O V ) -'1 O
appear.
The control area is blown up in 0 1 2. .5 .,. 56 7 a '1 /0 // /.2
Fig. 2, and the informat ion in it is a tS(/ CKOSECaY.oS
graphed function of time and volt- FIG. 2-THE CONTROL AREA. The NTSC video standard says that the signal can
age. By the way, most video people range fro m 0 to 1 volt peakto-peak.
95
That signal definition is the basis resulting video signal will be com
for mos t of the hardware in every pletely mess ed up. The best V'Jay tc
N TSC -compatible TV ever made . appreciate that. and a good way 1<
Your 'TV co ntains circuitry that ex- get into video hardware , is to buil<
pects control info rmatio n to be be- something to demonstrate how al
low 0 .3 volts and picture information th is st uff realty happens . That's
from 0 ,3 to 1 volt. That's important ligh t. our first piece of hardware i~
because it is the starti ng point for going to be something that wi ll Ie
scramblers; when you get rid o f you scramble video. And , as far as
some of the control information, a the 1Cl'Nis concerned, I'm pretty SUIl
st andard TV can't display the pic- that nobody's going to become vel)
ture, Remember that the horizontal NO>l!acwJ;4J-
upset.
sync pulse defines the end (or, de- siNe ,PU,LS We 'll need a source o t real video
pending on your point of view, the FIG, 3-A FREEWHEELING RETRACE That can be anythin g from an NTSC
beginning) of a line of video. If the won 't match the frequency sent by the genera tor to a line-level video signa
'TVdoesn't see it. it wo n' t know how br oadcaster. The curv ed lin e runn in g from the back of a VC R. You'lI alae
to dis play the tine on the screen, down the center 01the screen Is the hor l need a scope to look at the videe
zontal interval sent by the broadcaster.
and the result will be that the 'TVwitt waveform and a TV to look at the
end one hne and start anothe r one picture, You can do without the let
at some rando m poi nt o n the es: v ter but the forme r is a must , I' m nor
screen . 1'1 going to beat you up any more about
The fr eewheeling retrace fre- /.51< getting a scope, but if you don't
quency of the TV will come clo se to <>1 have one, get one. If you don't gel
the one sent by the broadca ster, but Vll lZ.2. one , this series of columns . while
it wo n't match exactly. What you' ll VIP,O
inform ative, wilt be somewhat less
see on the screen will be some thing IN YI/)~
than usefu l from a prac tical point 01
like Fig. 3. The curved line running OUT vieYol.
down the center of the scree n is the R"- R~ To get started, because we're
/. 5'< =n
horizon t al in terval se nt by the building circuitry that is going to use
broadcaster. an external signal, the first thing we
Three things are happening in Fig. have to do is buffer it. That is done
3. The first is that the line is curved FIG. 4-A VIDEO BUFFER Isolates one for two reasons. The first is that we
stage of hard ware from anoth er. The
because the horizont al circuitry in transis tor Is set up as a buffer and the have to be able to co ntrol the level
your 'TV runs at a frequency that's level ot the video can be controlled by seen by our video circuitry, and the
not exactly the same as the broad- the value of R2. second is so that a wiring erro r on
cas t horizon tal frequency. The 'TV the breadboard isn't going to send
can accep t a certain amount of drift Because that has nothing to do with unpleasant voltages back to the sig
in the horizontal frequency. Once the signal it 's receiving , the line usu - nat generator or VCR. The results
upon a time a horizon tal con trol was ally show s up at some random spot co uld be a bit nasty.
built into on the 'TV so you could on the screen, The TV's freewheel - Video buffe rs are just like any
hand tune the 'TV to the received ing frequency is close to the broad- o the r buffe r-they ' re s imp le cir-
signal. Although that control isn' t cast horizontal frequency, so the TV cuits that isolate one stage of hard-
around any longer (except some- will start a new line at about the ware from another. Think of it as
times as a trimmer on a circuit board same point in the broadcast line . being like an electronic fuse . The
inside the TV>, the tolerance is still That means you'll see the broadca st easiest way to build a buffer is wit h a
there , Modem 'TV's can autom at- horizontal interval on each line at single trans isto r as shown in Fig. 4 .
ically lock ont o the broadca st hori- more or less the same horizont al The transistor is se t up as a buffer,
zon tal fre quency so th e re 's no location on the screen. The result is and the level of the video can be
reason for the horizontal con trol to a curved line down th e screen. controlled by the value of R2, You
be accessible , The third thing happening o n the can also put a potentiomet er in se-
The secon d thing that's happen- TV sc reen is that the co lors are ries on the line feeding the video to
ing is that the tine is in the center of messed up. Because the horizontal the base of the transisto r and trim
your screen. The reason for that is sync is missi ng , th e TV ci rcuitry the level that way.
Simple. The TV's horizontal circuit isn' t seeing the colorburst in the Alt hough the NTSC video sta n-
uses the received horizon tal pulse right place , so there 's no reference dard calls for a signal that's 1-YDlt
as an inst ruction to move the beam for either the intensity orcolorof the peak-t o-peak. most V C R manufac-
back to the left side of the scree n. picture. The TV then uses what ever turers don't strictly follow that stan-
Because the scrambled signal has it sees in the colorburst location as da rd when it com e s to a video
anyth ing but a recognizable horizon- a reference for both the intensity output signal. If you put the signal
V
w e re visi ble o nly to mathemati- behind the CRT. and 2) To conne ct
Ame rican Heri tage Elec- cians , co mp ute r scie ntis ts, and your virtual image to mine and ev-
troni c Di ctiona ry, can be software engineers. Now thanks to eryone else 's.
defined in five ways: 1. The faculty of Nelson and company. and more reo The requiremen ts for rich multi-
sight. 2. Unusual foresight. 3. A cent ly to video games and the M ac- media are simple: 16-bit audio. full-
mental image produced by the intosh (and let's not forget M icro - screen 30-frame-per-second video,
imagination. 4 . Somet hing. as a su- soft WindONS). that Cheshire cat 24-bit (photog raphic-quality) imag-
pernatural sight. perceive d through im age is bec oming accessible to ing. fast acc ess to lots of textual and
unusual means. 5. Oneof extreordr- more and more peo ple. numeric dala-all of which must be
nary beauty. Graphics editors let artis ts reach availa b le on -de m and, syn-
In the business world. definition 2 in and take hold of so me of that chronously, instantaneou sly. at any
is wh at people usually think of. Ac - virt ual Play-D ou gh a proprietary time . and (eventually) anywhe re in
tually. definition 3 is most important. term . On-line references let wri ters the world.
Pers ons wit h unu sual foresight help and research ers tap into the kno.vl- It wou ld take a powerful main-
bridge short- term gap s between to- edg e of th e world . Threa-D CAD frame to provide that kind of ca-
day and tomorrow. Persons with programs let architect s and product pability today. On the other hand. a
imag ination setlonq-te rm goa ls and designers "build" prototypes wit h- nm-of-the-rmll 486 tod ay exceeds
direction s. and inspire others to try out cutt ing wood or met al. Medical the computa tional powe r of a main-
to mov e in those direc ti on s to imaging devices let medical techn i- frame of a decade ago . A ssume
achieve tho se go als. Companies c ians and research ers non -intru - then that wit hin the next decade,
are typi cally founded by Type-3 peo - sively create images of body parts . "compu te rs" thai meet th ose re-
ple. and run by Type-2's. Serio us and popu lar composers qut remen t s beco me avai lable .
S tarting about 2 50~rs ago dur- use synthesizers to create new mu- Those "computers" will have built-in
ing the dawn of the industrial revolu- sical forms. general-purpose digital signal pro-
tion . tech nical vi sion and imagina- Computer technology has pene - cesso rs CDSP's ) for co m pressing
tion in the western world focused on trat ed many disciplines, but it still and decompressing audio and video
building tangible item s to ease the has a long way to go . Take video data. and for doing fax and modem
time involved in producing , trans- editing for one. The traditional meth- ch ores as wel t. Sem iconducto r
porting. and defen ding necessities. od for editing video tape and film is mem ory will be mea sured in the
After about 200 years of wi de- to do a lot of physical fast-forward- gigabyte s , and permanent storage
spread social effort, most of those ing and rewinding. The effi cient way will be measured in the terabytes
problems were solved, so persons to do the job is via random acce ss, (on pers onal compute rs ; matn-
with v isionary imag inat ion shift ed instantly jumping fro m any frame to frames will have even more). Op tical
focus to a different set of problems . any other: Due to the immen se stor- storage may finally. aft er decades of
Fro m t hese origins was born the age required for video information, promise . become co st effective.
com puter indus try. effect ive rando m ac ce s s com - Tomorrow's computers will have
Early wo rk in that field centered pletely dwarfs the sto rage and bus- built -in connect ivi ty to off ice sy s-
on doing the same kind s of activiti es bandwidth capabi lities of tod ey's tems, co mmercia l databases, enter-
people had bee n dOing--e.g .. ac- most powerful personal com puter s tainment banks. and int erac tive
co un ting and typ ing-only faster. and law-cost networks . educational coursewa re. Transmis-
Things started to get interesting sion speeds of these new networks
wh en Ted Nelson, Doug Englebart, Multimed ia will mak e Ethernet and Token Ring
and others realized that the comput Th is i s whe re Ty p e -3 vi sio n look like box turtles.
er had creat ed a whole new wo rld. a c o m es in . Tha t v is io n ce nt e rs Those systems will have built-in
"virtual" wo rld. Again the American around a topic of growing public in- doc king techn ology (both hardware
Heritage. this time on virt ual image : terest; multimedia. Don't be misled and softwa re) for portable notepad!
An image from which ray s of re- by popular computer, video . and planner sys tems based on todey's
flected or refracted light appear to games magazines. Multimedia is fledqtinq pen-input technology. They
diverge. as from an image seen in a not just putting a sound board in a will have lightweight. nat. high-reso-
plane mirror. PC. or adding a CD-ROM drive to a lution . t rue-colo r di sp lays-and
There is a virtual world behind the Nint endo. The real promise behind printe rs-and will acce pt keyboard
C AT. from which imaginatylight rays multimedia is Iwofold: 1> To bring Ihe and pen input indisc riminately. They
are diverging, rays that until recently who le world into that virtua l image will communicate via a universal dig- 97
ital communications system that will
probably come about as some sort
of joint venture between AT&T. the
cable TV companies. the indepen-
dent netwodcs (CNN , FNN. Fox>.
media giants like Time-Warner. and
major computer companies.
There will be gobs and gobs of
data flCNIing around. and lots of con-
fusion about who owns rights to
what. New kinds of COl'tright issues
will keep lav.yers busy for the next
century. Students and researchers
will have unprecedented oppor-
tunities to cheat. Illegal data tapping
and decoding (akin to todey's cable FIG. l-GOLORAOO'S JUMBO 250 packs 250 megabyt es 01 data on a 520 lDpe car
TV descramblers) will provide adata trldg e In less than two ho urs.
underground and new forms of law
enforcement (the Data Police). into the Jumbo's cable. Other than speed and hardware data compres
That technology will not replace mou nt ing the dri ve and copy ing sion. Colorado also sells softwan
today's TV. VC R. stereo system. software to your hard disk. that's to control the drive under severe
video game. fax. telephone. or com- the extent of installation. varieties of Unix (SCO. Interactive
puter, However. those technologies Backup soft ware included with AT&T. and Intel>.
will come to be seen as modular. the drive runs in both menu-driven The driveincludes a one-yeerwar
interoperable pieces of a larger sys- and command-line modes: the latter ranty. ton-free technical support
tem in which all the pieces can plug allows unatten ded backup via and access to a BBS. If you shoe
and play-for those who want to. scheduled batch files. If hard-disk around. you can pick one up fOI
Fro m thi s pe rspect ive. multi- capacity exceeds that of a tape. the $250 mail order. By way of com
media begins to look like everything software will store additional data panson. just a few years ago m)
connected with computers, con- on additional tapes. In addition. the trusty SO-megabyte Irwin backu p
sumer elec tro nics , and entertain- software has several options . in- unit cost three or four times that
ment. Grandiose? Maybe. But ask cluding password prote ct ion. th e amount. For small offices and Win-
yourself why IBM is contemplating a ability to back up and restore Novell dCNIs power users. this is a must-
half-billion dollar deal with Time- N etWa re bindery (use r acce ss have item.
Warner. why IBM and AT&T are both rights) files, and several types of For more power and flexibility in
working like crazy to get fiber-optic software-based data compression. tape backup software , check out
data rates to work over copper cab- Using compression is faster than Syto s Plus. It has several nice fea-
ling. and why Apple is partnering not using it; I have no trouble back- tures. including the ability to WOOl
with Sharp and Microsoft with Sony. ing up about 170 megabytes of data with multiple devices. including the
Pe rso nal co mp u ters revolu - on a single tape in less than an hour. Co lorad o, numerou s digital audio
tio nized typin g. acco un ting . and You can use the men u-driven tape (DAn and 8mm formats. Bfvl's
publishing in the 80's. The 90's will mode to create a tag list. or list of optical read/ w rite disk. and hard
see even more radical and pervasive files to back up. and then use the and noPPI disks; others are being
changes. command-line mode to back up the added all the time.
That's the vision. Question: How files on the list. One nice feature is Syt o s also suppo rts OSI2 .
will you participate? its ability to append muhiple backup whereas Colorado does not (yet>.
volumes to the same tape. which Sytos is routinely bundled wit h nu-
Product w atch gives you the ability to perform daily merous high-capacity tape drives:
For years the phrase " reasonably backup s simply and quickly. My the company claims more than a
priced tape backup" was a contra - main complaint with the software is million users.
diction in terms. but that is no longer that it forces you to restore files to Probably the nicest feat ure is
the case. Figure 1 shows one of the their original locations. Sometimes, Syto s' more integrated way of creat-
best deals around: the Jumbo 250 especially in a networked environ- ing backup sets. Whereas Colora-
from Co lorado Memory Systems. ment. it's helpful to be able to re- do's TAPE.EXE forces you to create
It's a high -qu ality 250-megabyte store files elsewhere. tag lists and then manually create
QICSO tape drive that can fit in a Many ins tall at ion option s are batch files with numerous param-
3.5 inch or 5.25 inch bay. and it runs available, including a case for exter- eters, Sytos allows you (in the menu
off a standard floppy-disk controller. nal mounting. numerous special ca- mode) to create "procedures" con-
The Jumbo 250 includes a spe- ble and connector arrangements for taining both tag list and configura-
cial cable adapter that runs from the special PC's (such as PS/2 's). and tion opt ions. and then run various
drive to the f1oPf controller; the several dedicated tape-controller procedures from the command line.
98 cable from the floPf driveCs) plugs boar d s th at pr ov ide inc reased Syt os also has more extensive
.cumentetron than Colorado . It
vers different kinds of backups, PRODUCTS DISCUSSED
td methods for creating backup
:hedules. Jumbo 250 , Colorado Memory
Sy tos will allow you to rest ore Systems, 80 0 South Taft Ave.
es from tape to new locations with Covel and . CO 8 05 37 . (303 )
'!'Ii names; the only feature it lacks 669-8000.
nd that Colorado supplies} is a Sytos Plus. Sytton Corporation.
124 Aanders Road. P.O. Box5025.
luge that indicates progress in for- Westboro, MA 01581-5025. (508)
atting a tape. 898.()100.
ews bits
What's larger than a calculator
ld smaller than a notebook PC? taking a pot -shot at the computer
e tte r yet. wha t's the size and industry. Sega plans to introduce.
eight of a paperback book, has a two places by Thanksgiving a $300
2-M RISC processor, a mulutaek-
g. object-oriented operating sys-
CD-based game that delivers quali-
ty audio and live-action video: Nin- ,., .,...
'"
--,
1-800537-0589
or nm il l'ou pon "'Cia)'!
.m. and a 6- x 3-inch LCD screen
Ir pen input and visual display?
tendo plans 10 introduce a similar
$200 unit early next year. Sega is
I
----------
\ ' IEJ O I UIII J CATI O ~ S.I:'IO C.
4.17().107 Sun....r m, u. sene bOO I
aay: A pple's Newton , t he first working w ith Sony to produce 0.,,,,. VI.: 1..0- An~e1e ,. CA 900:!7 I
endheld device for jotting, sketch - games relate d t o movies, e.q.. I , ...:llII:lII ....I _ U It !' nrrnHD .. m "' T I<Nh) ~
g, scribbling, figuring, doodling , Spielberg's Jurass ic Pari<. Early re- I J H III1."",;.'('k< ~~ "'l\l I
laking lis ts , and subseque ntly ports indica te tha t Seqa's device I oJJ (Adu
. _ dt. It .pai.
nn d \(:1111."", ;.
I
loving that data to a larger comput- will include only half-speed. quarter- I .J Fa' \ b ; II ,... lIq..,,' I
r or another user via fax. modem, screen animation, whereas the Nn-
r network . Initial specs include
ash EPROM , 1to 20 megabytes of
tendo unit will do a full 30 frames
per second. R-E
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n hoorand ohm
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potU and eqUIp- Snooper Stopper
Thoo IS an and I_Ml _
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tr.Q ........,
106.SUr'..:.. !>ngco . r S""' D-"'" m_.,I1fTDOII ~Sl'"
iIIdIdoI' ~
gained 8Clmi1- 1 Protect yours elf fro m desera mbte r
::r.,.:..-
1Y lIIncn. PAn
oi II Stole 1
"_ : h:f'I il . 1 home in my _'p;l'" \lmC', I ufld=und l!>t", : Zip Visa, MasterCard or COD
.U ! i> no obIJtt;.llilln . nd no:l:lbn1n "' IUV.'Il m..,
_ _Send mat eri al aboul ISCET and 1
W
~ [~ " 11"' _ _ 1 I becoming cert ified . Northeast Elect ron ics, Inc.
~ ~ A<ldm> Ar- # __ ! I-
Send o ne " Stucfy Guide fo r t l'te
- Anoclale Level CET Test." En-
1
1
PO Box 3310
N. Attleboro , Ma. 02 761
[ Cil)"fSuJe,'bp [ L_ ~~~S~.!!..~~).:..- __ .J
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2'o',"- SI230 00 General In'Otlfta tlorl : F~ ,ales and ~ 0saIunls are ~ , AU shocks . Comp lete u nil $ 9 8.9 5 . SA F ETY- UN-
COPY SUBJECT TO PUBUSH ERS APPROVAL DVERTISEME USING P.O. 80XADDRfSS Wll l UNITED. 174 3 Ba lclw,n Ro a d. Yorktown. NY
NOT BE ACCEPTED UNTIL ADVERTISER SUPPUES PUBUSH ER WITH PERMAHEKT ADDRESS
_ " ,e. Aug, l55U\I o;opy must be fllCOiYe<l \:rt May 5lh~ normal
Sunday Of Hobc'lav. _ doses on pI9CedIng WOIk"'9 day.
=.:ealls
AND PHONE NU"BER. Copy to be in our hands on Ihe 51hclllle thi,d mOfllM precedlng tho dale of jne
Iof the dassdoed
011 SaMday.
, C..-cIe Number
10598 , S 'H $5,00.
SC IENT IFI C Atla nt a 8500 series as tow as
$129 ,00. SIarcQm 6 115 lowas $149 ,00, All makes
o onI!'llI F_ Inbn'Iaborl Card, in 5lock . S.....C. 1 (SOD) 622-3799. 101
POWER irMIf1er 100000 pottabIe 115V AC 12'l1DC _Build lhiI
from kit
_ .....i<;h_
__f8COI
l 00W from bu ill in rechalgable tlanery 13 ltls
$t85 .00 plus $10,00 S 'H Circuit and brochure CD'., tepee Dr FM broaCleu\lc (
only $10.00 (Refundable when OfOOring inw rte r~ along ....,. 11>01 ba<.kg"",1Id m ~
PROGRES S TECH . t3222 Carolyn sc Cerritos. u..
_ with an~ """'e
~ kit_ CO/I\por
_ <t
CA 90701. Y... ....c.. 1IIeft _ . ""'ehiO
Pre-.._ _ b'-d ~
" "'.."
PC boards: Pn:*ss.ionaI quabty, 30 day guaran- _ . c.I ... _ lor I ... I.
tee . beat 81 prices. A 6 D, PO eo.
311. Al.Oum, Mt Weede. h cllllologlee-. I.
48611. (517) 662~. Linclwr Rd., Mt 0ratI. Ohio 45 1~
PLAno IIYu hole pMI ed circuits. $25 .00 mini-
mu m. Fast turnwound. For mo re information can
TEST-Aids lor testirlg unrl$in rull Nrvlve mode. AP CIRC UITS , (403) 2503406 or BBS (403) SURVE ILLANCE Ira n.mltte r kits tune lrom f
Slarcom VII, $40 .00; Starcom VI. $30 .00: Star- 2919342 re.o.u to 305 MHz. Mains powered duplex, telephon,
com DPBB, S50.00; ~ $7 5.00 : Tooom VIP room. COITOnaIion telephone:room . Ca1alOll wit
550315507. $25 .00 : SA call; Zenith. $25 .00 : H.E. Pop ul ar Comm unl ceUon s . Po pu l lr ~ I e c
ENG INEERING, (617) 770-3830. tronlc s and Radio-Electron ics booll. revieWs ,
MElec lronle En d rop pl ng Equ lpm enl 0.
CABLE ~ dllps S-A 8550. S-A 8500 310, sig n. $2.00 . SHEFFI ELD ELE CTRONIcs. PI
M
311, 320 , 321 (spedtyl- 533.95 . 5-A 85801338
80 . 3m85-C, Chlcago. IL 60637 nas.
- $69 ,95. Toecim 5503-'07 VIP - $33 .95 , Star
com 6 - $33 .95. $1afCOm 7 - $49.95. TELE- CELWLA A hocllors bibl e. Theory hocks "
CODE, PO 80 . 64 26-AE , Yuma. AI 85366-64 26. rnoddicalions - $53 .95 . TELE CODE, PO Be
6426-RE, Yum a. AI 853666426.
OSCILLOSCOPE 50 MHz, Hewlell Pat;kard. sol.
id sl ate calibr ated, ma nu al $290 ,00 . 1 (80 0)
~ X159.
SECRET c.bIe <1e.eram bler.! Build 'fOAJI own SATELLITE TV
O&so"ambler lor leu !han $12.00 in seven eny
ste ps . Complete instruc tions $t O.OO. A ad lo FRE E catalog Lcwest pnoes wor1dwode. SK l
Shac:ll. parts b:st and Irwe desCJamblinQ methods TUBE S : -oldesl- "1alesl. " Parts and sdlemabc:s. VISION. 1012 Frontier. Fergus Falls. MN 56537 .
lhal ecst nothing 10 try included . HAR AYWHlTE , SASE !of lISts. STEI NMETZ, 7519 Maplewood (800) 334-64 55. See lu n page lid the seccce
PO 80 . 17900, Baytown, TX n520 . A'Ift. R E., Hammo nd , IN 46324 . secliOn.
SATELLITE TV Do it \o<lO rsell major brand
RESTR ICT ED tlldlnical lnlorm all on: Elec tro nic
survei llarn::e. schematics. locllsmilhi ng, covert discounted. 'Ml" beatOWf)(lf'lflsprice , Call LA R
RY (609) 596-0656.
seerces, hackIng . etc. Huge se lKl lon. Free
br oc:hu res. MENTOR -Z. O' awe' 1549. Asbury
" ' 1 1ll Par\. NJ 07n2.
:III0111IOO oI/lTUIO.l 5Y5lI1l "" III
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lasers! Transmil!e IS' Oel eclors l Free en ergyl
,--.. Tesl81 Kits/assem bled 1 Cataloq $01.00 (relunda
b1e~ Q UA NTUM RE SEA RCtf, 179t 9-77 A'Ift .
Edmontol'l. AB. T5T 25 1.
CABLE corlY8f1ers. retai t at wholesale prices. HOB B Yibroadcasting /H AMIC8lsurveillance
Overstock reduction sale . EUlmple ATC-56 tr&nStl'llters. ~. C8bIe TV. soenee. buQs.
579.00 ea. Star com 6 as low as $ 149 .00 . A ll other great projectsl Cat alog $1.00 . PANAXIS,
ma ke s available . MT. HooO ELE CTR ONIC S 80. 13().F9. Paradise. CA !JS'967.
(206) 26lHlt 07.
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REMOTE CONTROL KEYCHAIN
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YOUR Oo'r'I radio sl alionl Lice nsed'unlicensed
AM. FM. TV. cable . Inlonnation $1.00. BROAD-
~
STARCON 6. Toeom. o.J<. Pion&&r. SOentilie At- CASTING, 80. 130-F9, Paral;be, CA 95967 .
lanta. Zerv\h, as low as $39.00. KA BLE KO N- _..$\ldcRF ~
NECTION (702) 433-4)959, Fl.IIy . . . . mbIed Induding pl_ LETthe grJ'o'efiYTIllf Iinanoa ~ $mal business.
., fobull<fJ1'U, ." .\IlDe!rllm Grant S/loans to S5OO.000 . FfIle recorded mes-
$14.9~ ,~
.-: ., 24 95 cn.ck.Vlu lItu:c sage : (707) 449-8600. ( KS I~
'.- , Add ' ) Ihlppn
\ ..... . r @$19 ,95 , 10 @
MA KE $75,000 .00 to $250.000 ,00 yearly or more
RECEIVING TUBES Vl sll eet In c , BD. 1 4 156. FremDnl. Ce. 9 45 39 Ii.ing tBM color mOnll ors. No investmenl , start
OVER3000 TYPES INSTOCK! (510) 6 5 1-14 25 Fax (5 10 ) 651-8454 doing iI lrom your home (a telephone teQlJired~
Also IIardto-lllldtl'llRSIOl'mers. ca~ InlomlabOn. USA. Canada $2.00 cash lor br0-
chure . othef co.ntries $10 00 US hn;t$. RAN-
torsand patl$lDl" lube equill metlt. DALL DISPLAY, 80. 2168 A. Van Nuys. CA
~ $2.00lof our 32 pageU'..lklg DESCRAMBLER kits. Complete cable ~ $44 .95. 9t404 USA. FAX (818) 990-7803 .
Complete satellde lui 549.95. Add $5.00 shopping.
ANTIQUE ELEC TRO NIC SU PPLY Free brochure. No New York sees. SUMMIT RE, COHllNGENCY patent licensing . No lees any-
6221 S, M.1111ll Ave,oTempe, A1. 852830602.820.5411 80.489. Bran NY 10465. hme. Three decade5 e.penence : law, tecl'moloqy,
nego1iahons. PROPAT INTERNATIONAL CO~
VIDEO CIPHER Illsatellitefscann er/ceble/ama PORATlON \ 44t Summer Street. Stam lol , CT
teur/ cellular/repair manuals . mod itication book s. 069Cll. (203 325-334-4.
CABLE TV. Zemltl, JorroId. Oak. SQenbfll::At!,vl. software. CatalOg - $3.00. TELECODE, PO 80.
ta. Hamlin. ,Toeom. wholesale to d . ULTIMATE 6426-RE. Yuma . AI 85366-6426.
CABLE PRODUCTS, (7021 646-6952.
PCB : Prinled tiraJil: board art wen. made to ~
K ENWOO D " ICOM service bu lletin S. 175 +
pages ~ all models. $39 .95. Catab:l -
BEST BY5 Sere..,1
Aet..: Write N. tlo.. e
MAIL
lI o~ FI.).I230
speoIIcationa lllOOed on 1r8r'\S9<l'1'lOCY. Multi layer $3 ,00 . COOs ( 602 1 78223 16 I FA X ( 602J OF tNTERESJ TO "'U
&I'ICl surface componeut capable. Cwait board 343-2 141. TELE CQDE, 80. 6426- RE. Yuma . AZ
product ion availa ble. free eSlim ate sond sene - arn ae U ALY 1. . .nW341 CODE Ae 51110 .. ...c.....
8~64Z6. Code {5U5j.
malic 10 NEGRON ENGINEERING, 159 GlIffield
Place, Brookly n, NY 11215. f811 (718) 768-4028 . FREEl Fabulous cala~ 01sen sational klQ , LNS IIUAQU RAUAU SI WHOLESAl E. 5end ~.OO FOO
Ing ee l .lOOue. Glot* s.c~ rl t y. e72 OIdrnlll Road , Sul1e
"'m-
CABLE TV descramblets' Absolu tely ee lowes t
TECHN OLO GIE S, 20!l93 Foolhlll Blvd., Suite
307R. Hayward. CA 94541-1 511 . 320. OPTj"'L MIII"'''I'''
MO 211(1(1.
prices! All majof brands. Nobody beats our price s l 800KS CAY"'lOOS .....Q.lZ1NES
CABLE PAICE CW B, 1 (800 ) 3n 9742. SURVElUANCE, eountf!O"lurveill ;lnal. leCur-
tty deYke.. Room and phone momors.
buQ ee- UNLI MI TED 2nd CREDIT FILEt .~
NO 800 # no eataIog no but ' ~ the best tedOrS. alarms. stooQurls. Ole. Send $3 ,00 lor CALL: 1514-2:l9-a284, E. L 1
priceson ZeruttI and SA oescrarTCl&rs. Also lMIll- calalog , HOME VU M~RCHANOISE, 80. 38371, RITE: 41h L1MITEO o SO X32. 3H lf -COL.. 011 43232
able - tvm-<ln luis. cal {3051 42$-4378 Detrort. MI 48238 .
PRINTED cirtuil board s. Plaled, e!ched and ma o ROB onc s , Builc:l.jf.YourSllU! Hobby, personal. &
chined to \o<lOr deSij rl. Small fUJlS OK. Call 01 service robot type s - design s. parts and plan s.
wnle: SHORE PRIN ED CIRCU ITS, 36 f aiMew Catal og $1.0 0. d,rect or y $ t O.OO . IP C, SUite
Avenue , linle S.~. NJ07739. (908)747-6300 . 1 251AE. 1019A Old Monrovia Rd" HuntsVlne. AL
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G o. "t.tr 7.11' 3-092.J l 03
A Monumental Selectior
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Jameco Solclerles. Breadboarcls Mete. Digital Multimeten
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M ..6SO HD;pt .. 'I............,. & <~ " .
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nlll! Fturn ind uJ (,'
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from IX: "' aeMH. The r Ul Np rr ;u 1'p1N p. r rju rUl No- J
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c.//fl1" .." " itil1 ..../ GI1U' a.. A.R.T. EPROM UVP EPROM Erase
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Computer Upgrade Products fwd Electronic Components
Upgratl~ your existing compuur systnn! }amuo w;lIlJ~/p you upgrad~ ~asj[y and ~"ollomi("ally.
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107
HARD WARE HACKER really oddball stuff.
A pai r of very readable ne
continued from pag e 93 books: The Triumphs and Trials of i
Organ Bu ilder. by Jerome Ma rl
I , Whore Earth Review. The re are owtte. C EO of A llen Organ . and pul
bunches of independent and non- hshed by the Vox Humania Pres.
pro fi t invento r's organizations ou t Am ong the other things. it revea
This fire is out. there. One I can heartily recom-
mend is Ed Zimmer's Inventor-En-
how trivia lly easy it is to have ar
techn ically solid and perfectly vall
trep reneur Ne tw ork . For othe r patent busted in co urt . Ju st bl
regiona l so urces, check out the cause some epsilon minus does rn
Encyc lopedia of Associations that happen to like you.
you will probably find at your local Plus Acciden tal Empires by th
library. pseud o nym Robe rt X. C ringlej
No. I jus t do not know of anyone n ew l y pu b lis hed b y Addi so
anywh ere who is dumb enough to Wesley. Sub titled How the boys (
buy ra.N, unproven , or undeveloped Silicon Valley make a/l their million:
ideas . But I do know of several battle foreig n competition. and st
someones who so metimes might can 't get a date. This book has
be intere sted in looking at tightly double handful of very funny OnE
targeted products if those products liners in it. But otherwis e it read
are now in the ir pre -production oro- like something that Cringley wau l
totype stag e and currently under ec- write.
tive end-user beta testing. I've found very few trade jo urnal,
For in st ance , M ark Gouleib of devoted to electroni c servicing
Design Tech International is looking One useful new o ne . th ough . i:
for in novative approaches to low- MSM. t he M ag azine of Servic e
end con sumer e lectronics. e s - Management. The magazine put s j
pecially for thos e items that can be big emphasis o n com puter serve-
blist er pac ke d and need no co n- and ide nti ficatio n of sources fo
sumer smart s to use. printer and disk-drive replacemen
Dennis Carper of Redmond Ca parts and assemblies.
ble is seek ing tested and proven A great collection of neviqatror
interco nnect and adaptor produ cts boo ks. GPS (global poSitioning sat
that clearly solve obvious and we ll- ellites) and otherwise. is offered ~
defined problems . the Navt ech Information Service
John S imonton of PALA (and a And a new Spread Spectrum Seem
frequ ent author in Ele c tro nic s labor-of-love newsle tt er has recently
Or is it? Now) sometimes seeks out items started publication.
with kit po ssibilities , especially if Twa firms apparently still offer to~
they are related to MIDI or elec- octave gene rato rs and other classic
tronic music . electronic organ chips. The first is
And St eve Crercra of his M icro Fistell M icroe le ctronics and the
M int is occasio nally int ere sted in other is Keyboard Systems. The let-
any embedded proce ssor applica- ter also builds wo rkaround replace-
tions - if they are unique. ment modules for chips that are
Besides my own PSRT RoundTa- tru ly unavailable.
bleo n GEnie. you might also want 10 Turning to some of my ow n prod -
check ou l thei r HO SB . short for uc ts. yet anothe r obvious and major
Ho me Office and Small Business. product selling resource is my re-
I've also fo rmed my loosely kni t ce ntly improved Incredible Secret
Sy nerg etics Consultan ts Network M oney M achine II. The autographed
that centers on our voice helpline. co pies are available per my nearby
Give me a call jf you need more Synergetics ad.
informati on. A s usual . I have gathered many of
the resources ment ioned to gether
Ne w tech lit into the Names & Numbers o r the
Fro m Texas Instrument s. seven Produc t Marketing Resources side-
pounds of revised linear data book s. bars. Be sure to chec k thos e out
Only you can prevent forest fires. Volume I is on op-arnps: volume II is before you use our no-charqe tech
on AID . DSP. and video; and vol- helphne o r call for a free hacker se-
108 ume III is on voltage regulators and cret s brochure. RE
ATV DOWNCONVERTER u se a grou nded Iro n a n d work UHF channe ls 14. 15. or 16 If n o
In a s tauc-free area . neat Ql as other si gnals are ava ilable. Se t
continued from page 84 you would a delicate CMOS IC. C9 fo r a L. O. frequency of
The tuning potentiometer IRI4) around 410 to 420 MHz. Note:
-ovtded for you to make your can be mou nted in different po- This Is only to see if everything
vn board . a nd the parts -place- sitions for added Ilextbtlt ty: It works if theres no other way to
.en t diagr am Is s hown In Fig. can be mounted off the board ob tain a n AlV signal a nd you
for rem ote tunin g purposes . have no acc es s to a sign al gene r-
Firs t Install res is tors RI- R13. Make s ure a ll h oles m arked ator. You will la ter have to re-
nd R15--R17. Next . Ins tall all MG" In Fig. 4 h ave Ju mper wires pea k the co nver ter to 420 t0 450
apacttors except the ch ip ca - passed through them a nd so l- MHz.
acttors a nd C W . Ins tall m ixer dered on both si des of th e PC If a sweep generator Is avail-
11. a nd th en wind a n d Inst all board as s hown In Fig. 7. Also. a ble. s imply pea k the co nverter
::>115 t.i. L 2. L3 . L5 . L 6. L 7. LB . both sides of the board must be for a res ponse as s hown In Fig.
Coils Ll. L2. a nd L3 are three grounded toget her wit h coppe r 10. By trimming C IO Iu se a file
.rrns ea ch of 20 AWG tinned (011 tape. also as shown in Fig. 7. on the edge of it) you ca n als o
-tre wound arou nd a No. 8 On ce th e tape Is in place . so lde r experiment with the co u plin g
crew as a form (see Fig. 5) a nd both sides . and resu ltant bandpass s hape.
nen stretched to a length of 0.3 Nex t m a k e ca pac it o r C W. You ca n a lso do this with a ca li-
nc h with t he t u r n s p ac ing Take a s mall sq ua re of G- IO. bra ted RF s ign al ge nera tor and
ven ly ma inta in ed . All three of 0.062 material (the same as the a receiver and/or RF voltmeter.
hose coils mus t be tapped as PC board material) and trim It but this will take more time.
h own In Fig. 5. The lead from to a .6-lnch square. Install It on The converter shou ld b e
it (wh ic h ca n be coaxia l 50- the so lder s ide of the boa rd as m ou nt ed in a weat her proof
-h m line) has Its cen ter conduc- s hown In Fig. 8. Con nect coax- meta l box. if outdoor use Is In-
or sol dered lo Ll at % tu m from Ial 50-oh m ca bles to J I a nd J2. te n ded. A metal b ox re d uces
he grounded en d. Resistor R5 a nd DC powe r leads to 0 3 and stray s ignal p ickup. a n d a lso
s s olde red I YJ turns from the ground. Set trimmer capacitors p rotects the co nverter from
o d of L2 that co nnects to R6. C I. C5 . and C6 to about 20% of da mage.
:7. a nd ca. Co li L3 ls ta pped a t m aximum. a nd set C9 to abou t If you will be remote-tu ni ng
tum from the grou nded end. 80% of max im u m . If yo u u s e the conver ter (as was s ho wn In
Coils L6 a nd L7 a re 8 turns R14. It ca n be set halfway.lfR l4 Fig. 3). th e con ver ter s hou ld be
-ach of 22 AWG enamelled wire Is not used . RIO should be tem - moun ted right at the antenna
vound on a No. 8 screw Th e porarllyconnected to a s upply of or very close to It. That penults
.crew Is removed after Winding about + 8 volts. Figu re 9 s hows a s hort cable from JI to the a n -
he coli. Coli LB Is 9 th turns of the a ut ho rs prototype . ten na . redu c ing s ignal los s es .
~ 2 AWG enamelled wire. wound T h e con ve r te r ca n then be
.h e same way as L6 and L7. 'tune up mou nted as far as 300 feet from
-lowever; after Winding. the No. Thnlng consists of peak ing the 1V mo nitor. R-E
3 s crew Is rem oved and a fer r-ite th e tuned c ircuits for best re-
.u n tng slug Is screwed In to th e ceptio n . Using a fr eque ncy
Win ding as shown In Fig. 5. RF cou n ter con nec ted ac ross R12 . DRAWING BOARD
ch oke L5 Is Inst a lled as If were a adj us t C9 for a n om in a l fre-
resistor. quency of 370 to 3 75 MHz. If con tJnued from p age 96
Ins tall Q2. Q3. 01 . 0 2. a nd Installed . R I4 s hould vary that
03 . Now In stall th e chip ca paci- by about :;t 15 MHz. lf R14 Is n ot case. you should trim the level be-
tors . Ch ip capacitors require Ins talled . 0 to + 12 volts a pplied cause the circuits we'lI be building
s p c c t a t i n s t all a t i on p ro - to RIO s hould do the sa me. T he expect a t-volt signal.
cedu res--and th ey all moun t on osc illator m igh t stop lfIe s s than The on ly other thing 10 notice
the so lder s ide of the PC board. 2 volts Is applied to RIG-which here-there just isn't much to the
Figure 6 s h ows where all of the Is accep ta ble as long as you can circuit at all---is that the video signal fC
chi p capa c itors. CIO (which obtain a freque ncy range of 30 being fed to the base of the tran- 1;)
well get to In a mom en t). andQ l MHz. sister is related 10 both positive volt- ~
are mounted on the solder side Con nect the conve rter to a TV age and ground through AI and A2. ~
of the boa rd . As for th e chip ca - s et tu ned to chan ne l 3 and to a n
pacttors.first tin the area on the ex terna l an ten na for ATV recep- The circuit is going to run on a regu- 18
PC board where a chip Is to be tion. Find a signal and peak LI. lated 5-volt supp ly: it mu st be N
Ins ta lled . Then hold the chi p In L2 . a n d L3 for the best p icture. steady because the level of the sup- m
place wit h the tip of a sm a ll ply voltage is going to have an effe ct ~
s c rewdr ive r or tweez e rs a n d
You ca n also us e a n RF s ignal
gene ra tor tu ned to 435 MHz If on the level of the video. Wire up the
circuit shown in fig. 4 and get the III
i.
tack so lde r one s ide . After Its no on -th e-a ir signal Is ava ilable.
tacked In place. fully so lder both As a las t res ort. you ca n a lso video source in place . VYhen we get ~
sides of the ch ip. peak Lt. L2. a nd L3 on noise. together next time we'lI start de-
Now Install Ql. whose long It Is a lso poss ible to expe rt- signing some kind of circuit to screw
lead Is the drain . Make s u re you menta lly pea k the co nve rter on up the signal. RE 109
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