Salesian Don Bosco College

Prof. Helinton (The Legend ...) 2nd year of high school (the legausins ...)
From a structural viewpoint, a solid consists of atoms grouped together on a reg
ular basis, constituting the crystal lattice. The interatomic bonds are attracti
ve forces (electrostatic forces) that allow the atoms vibrate around an equilibr
ium position. With increasing temperature, there is an increase in the vibration
s of atoms. Matter comes in three states of aggregation (or phase) different: so
lid, liquid and gas.
Strong forces of attraction Phase Energy Tempera-ture Form Volume
CHANGE OF PHASE
Solid Liquid Gas
Small Moderad the Great
Low Medium High
Defined Variable indefinitely
Defined Defined indefinitely
Moderad the Fracas
Crystalline substances during melting obey the following laws: Act 1: under cons
tant pressure to a crystalline substance melting takes place at constant tempera
ture. Fusion or solidification of a substance is one in which they appear, the s
olid and liquid phases both together, which is also called fusion sharp or abrup
t. 2nd law: for every pressure, every substance has its melting temperature. Dur
ing the merger, most substances is increased volume, some nevertheless behave in
versely, such as water, bismuth iron.
Steaming: There are three types of fusion as a way to render the phenomenon: eva
poration, boiling and heating. Evaporation transition from liquid to gas, when t
he phenomenon takes place in a slow manner and only on the liquid surface. Facto
rs influencing evaporation: 1 - more volatile liquids evaporate more easily, 2 -
by increasing the temperature increases the speed of evaporation, 3 - an increa
se in the free surface increases evapo ... 4 - an increase of pressure on the fr
ee surface evaporation makes it difficult to
Boiling: Transition from liquid to gas being processed in a way tumultuous and a
round the net. Follow the following laws: 1 - during boiling, the temperature re
mains constant since the pressure is also kept constant. 2 - for a given pressur
e, each substance has its boiling temperature.
Heating: Transition from liquid to gas at a temperature above its boiling temper
ature. Eg When playing water on a metal plate heated to a temperature higher tha
n 100 ° C.
CHANGE OF PHASE
Sublimation Sublimation Melting Solidification Solid OBS:. The phenomena of melt
ing and vaporization always happen due to the receipt of heat, while the solidif
ication and liquefaction occur due to heat loss. Liquid Vaporization Gas Liquefa
ction
HEATING AND COOLING CURVES
The curves provide heating or cooling the temperature variation of a body in the
quantity of heat received or transferred by the body.
ΔT ΔT3 ΔT2
Net
ΔT1
Solid
Solid + Liquid Liquid
+ Steam
Gaseous
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q received
Looking at the diagram above, we have:
Q1 = m.csólido. ΔT1 m.Lf Q2 = (Sensible Heat) (Latent Heat of Fusion)
Q3 = m.clíquido. ΔT2 (Sensible Heat) Q4 = m.LV (Latent Heat of Fusion)
Q5 = m.cgasoso. ΔT3 (Sensible Heat)
Pooh ...
Chief ...
Mole - Soft, easy - easy Avocado with watermelon ...