VII Science 1

Science Assignment 2nd Sem Std 7 2016-17

Ex1. M.C.Q.
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1.If the angle of incidence of an incident ray on a plane mirror is 40, what will be the angle of reflection?
A.20 B.400 C.50 D.80
2.What is the distance between an object kept 20cm in front of a plane mirror, and its image?
A.20 cm B.30 cm C.10 cm D. 40 cm
3.What type of image is formed by a plane mirror?
A.Virtual and erect B.Virtual and inverted
C.Real and inverted D Real and erect
4.Which letter, when kept in front of a plane mirror, is read as it is?
a)K b) E c)N d)H
5.If the angle between two plane mirrors is 40, how many images are formed of an object kept between
them?

a)10 b)9 c)7 d)8

6.What should be the angle between two plane mirrors to get 5 images of an object?
a) 60 b) 72 c) 90 d) 120
7. At what angle are the two plane mirrors arranged in a periscope?
a) 30 b) 45 c) 60 d) 90
8. Which instrument works on the principle of images obtained by multiple reflections?
a) Periscope b) Kaleidoscope c)Telescope
d)Microscope
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9.What is the centre of a sphere from which a curved mirror is cut called?
a)Principal Focus b)Pole c) Centre of curvature d)Midpoint
10.Which curved mirror is used as a shaving mirror?
a)Plane b) Concave c) Convex d) None of the given
11.Where is an object kept in front of a concave mirror to get a real and enlarged image of the object?
a)On the centre of curvature b)Between the centre of curvature and principal focus. c)On the principal focus
d)Between the pole and the principal focus
12.Where is an object kept in front of a concave mirror to get an image which is real and of the same size as
the object?
a)On the centre of curvature b) Between C and F c)On the principal focus d)Between F and P
13.Where is an object kept in front of a concave mirror to get a virtual and erect image of the object?
a)On the Principal focus b)Between C and F c)On the centre of curvature d) Between F and P
14.Which type of image is always obtained by a convex mirror?
a)Virtual and diminished b)Virtual and enlarged c)Real and diminished d) Real and enlarged
15.Which mirror is used as a side glass in vehicles?
a)Concave b) Convex c) Plane d) Parabolic
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16.Which of the following is an element?
a)Sugar b)Salt c)Oxygen d) Air
17.Which of the following is a compound ?
a)Copper b)Hydrogen c)Water d)Air
18.Which of the following is a mixture ?
a)Salt b)Sugar c)Salt solution d)Iron
19.Which of the following is not a compound?
a)Sugar b)Salt c)Water d)Gold
20. What is the symbol of magnesium?
a) Mg b)Mn c)Ma d)Me
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21.What is the constitunal unit of a compound ?

a)Atom b)Molecule c)Mixture d)Element
22.Seperate the one which differs from the others .
a)Air b)Water c)Solid d)Mixture of rice and pulses.
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23.Which of the following organs has cartilage?
a)Nose b)Ribcage c)Head d)Heart
24.How many bones are there in head ?
a)8 b) 14 c)22 d)25
25.How many bones make up ribcage ?
a)14 b)24 c)25 d)33
26.How many bones make up vertebral column ?
a)24 b)25 c) 31 d) 33
27.What is the vertebral column made up of ?
a)Pectoral girdle b)Vertebrae c)Pelvic girdle d)Ligment
28.In which organ are involuntary muscles present ?
a)Hand b) Leg c)Neck d)Heart
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29.What is the degree of hotness or coldness of a substance called?
a)Heat b)Energy c) Temperature d)Transfer of heat
30.What is the temperature of healthy human body ?
a)370 F b) 98.6 0F c)98.6 0 C d)96.8 0 F
31.At what temperature does the water boils ?
a)00 C b)370C c)390C d)1000C
32.At what temperature does water convert into ice ?
a)00 C b)370 C c)98.60 C d) 1000C
33.Which liquid is generally filled in a thermometer?
a)Water b)kerosene c) mercury d)Petrol
34.What is the unit of temperature ?
a)Newton b)Degree Celsius c) Heat d) Calorie
35.100 C equals how many 0 F ?
0

a)320 F b) 98.60 F c)1800 F d) 212 0F

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36.Which gas is released by human beings during exhalation ?
a)Oxygen b) Carbon dioxide c)Ozone d)Hydrogen
37.Pollutants in which form are more in the atmosphere ?
a)Solid b) Liquid c)Gaseous d)All of the given
38.Which poisonous and foul smelling gas is released due to the decay of substances ?
a)Carbon dioxide b)Carbon monoxide c)Hydrogen sulphide d)Sulphur dioxide
39.Increase in the proportion of which gas in the atmosphere causes green house effect ?
a)Oxygen b) Hydrogen c)Ozone d)Carbon dioxide
40.Which gas is responsible for acid rain ?
a)Sulphur dioxide b) Carbon monoxide c)Ammonia d)Hydrogen
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41.What is the sun ?
a)Planet b)Satellite c)Star d)Comet
42.Which of the following planets does not have a satellite ?
a)Mars b)Mercury c)Saturn d)Uranus
43.Which is the most brightest planet in the solar system ?
a)Mars b) Jupiter c)Venus d)Saturn
44.Which planet of the solar system appears red ?
a)Mars b)Jupiter c)Venus d)Saturn
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45.Which is the largest planet in the solar system ?

a)Mars b)Earth c)Jupiter d)Saturn
46.Which celestial body is known as shooting star ?
a)Satellite b)Meteor c) Asteroids d)Comet
47.Which celestial body is known as tailed star ?
a)Meteor b)Asteroids c)Sun d)Comet
48.What is the periodicity of the comet Halleya)30 days b) 365 days c) 76 years d) 850 years
49.When was the comet Halley last seen ?
a)1916 AD b)1910 AD c) 1986 AD d) 2004 AD
50.Between the orbits of which two planets lies the belt of meteorites ?
a)Mercury and Venus b)Earth and Mars c)Jupiter and Saturn d)Mars and Jupiter
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51.Which is the national animal of India ?
a)Lion b)Tiger c)Elephant d)Cow
52.Where is the lion sanctuary located in India ?
a)Sunderbans b)Gir forest c) Bharatpur d)Mangrove
53.Where is the wild ass seen ?
a)Gir forest b)Rann of Kachchh c) Bharatpur Sanctuary d)Sunderbans Sanctuary
54.Where is the albino (white ) tiger found in India?
a)Madhya Pradesh b) Gir forest c) Velavadar d)Rann of Kachchh
55.Which of the following birds is called the sweepers of nature ?
a)Indian crane b)Kite c)Bustard d) Woodpecker
56.Which of the following is a beautiful bird ?
a)Indian myna b)Cuckoo c)Peacock d)Hawk
57.Which of the following is a hunter bird ?
a)Hawk b)Sparrow c)Pigeon d)Bulbul

Ex 2 ANSWER IN ONE SENTENCE:

L-5
1 .What is the reflection of light?
Ans. The Phenomenon of ray of light coming back after getting incidence on the surface of object is
known as the reflection of light.
2 What is regular reflection?
Ans.When the parallel rays of light are incident on a plane, polished ,smooth surface,they get reflected in
definite direction.These reflected rays are parallel to one another. Such reflection of light is known as
uniform reflection or regular reflection of light.
3. Which type of image cannot be taken on screen?
Ans. Virtual type of image cannot be taken on screen.
4. On what principle does the periscope work?
Ans. Periscope works on the principle of reflection of light by plane mirror.
5.Which instrument is used to observe the steamer on the surface of sea from the submarine under water?
Ans. Periscope is used to observe the steamer on the surface of sea from the submarine under water.
6. At what angles are the three plane mirrors arranged in the kaleidoscope?
Ans. The three plane mirrors in the kaleidoscope are arranged at 60.
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7.What is meant by a concave mirror?
Ans. The mirror in which inner surface is polished or shinning is called concave mirror.
8.What is meant by convex mirror?
Ans. The mirror in which outer bulging surface is polished or shining is called convex mirror.
9.How would your face appear on looking in the inner side of a shining teaspoon?
Ans. Our face will appear inverted on looking in the inner side of a shining teaspoon.
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10.Which type of image is obtained of an object kept far away from a convex mirror?
Ans. Virtual, erect and smaller than the object image is obtained.
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11.What is the basic unit of a substance?
Ans: The basic unit of a substance is an atom.
12.What is the constitutional unit of an element?
Ans: The constitutional unit of an element is an atom.
13. What is the symbol of helium?
Ans: The symbol of helium is He.
14. What happens when a strip of magnesium is burnt in air?
Ans: When a strip of magnesium is burnt in air we get ashes of white colour. It is magnesium oxide.
Magnesium burns with a bright flame.
Q15. Of which two elements is water composed?
Ans: Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen.
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16. Of what is skeleton formed?
Ans Skeleton is made up of different bones.
17. Which structure protects the brain ?
Ans Skull protects the brain.
18. Bones of which parts are included in the bones of the head?
Ans Bones of skull and face are included in the bones of head.
19. By which type of joint are the bones of the skull connected ?
Ans The bones of the skull are connected with immovable joints.
20. How many pairs are there in the ribcage ?
Ans 12 pairs of ribs are there in the ribcage
21. Which structure protects the heart and the lungs?
Ans Ribcage protects the heart and lungs
22. Which organ of the body is protected by the vertebral column?
Ans Spinal cord is protected by the vertebral column.

23. Which is the longest and shortest bone of the body?

Ans Thigh bone is the longest and strongest bone of the body.
24. How many bones together make up the skeleton of the body?
Ans 213 bones together make up the skeleton of the body.
25. What is a muscular system?
Ans The system which consists of different muscles of the body is known as muscular system.
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26. What happens when hot tea is kept in the open?
Ans: When hot tea is kept in the open it releases heat in atmosphere and becomes cold after sometime.
27. What happens when a cold substance is kept in the open?
Ans: When a cold substance is kept in the open it absorbs heat from the surrounding.
28. What is thermal energy?
Ans: The total kinetic energy of the atoms of an object is its thermal energy.
29. Which has more heat, the water in a pond or the hot tea in a cup?
Ans: The hot tea in a cup has more heat because its mass is less so thermal energy is more.
30. What is the effect on the temperature of a body when heated?
Ans: When a body gets heated its temperature increases.
31. Which instrument is used to measure the temperature of a substance?
Ans: Thermometer is used to measure the temperature of a substance.
32. Which instrument is used to measure the temperature of a patient?
Ans: Clinical thermometer is used to measure the temperature of a patient.
33. What is the unit of temperature?
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Ans: Degree Celsius and Degree Fahrenheit is the unit of temperature.

34. What is the boiling point of pure water?
Ans: The boiling point of pure water is 1000C
35. What is the melting point of ice?
Ans: The melting point of ice is 00C.
36. What range of temperature can be measured by a clinical thermometer?
Ans: The range of temperature that can be measured by by a clinical thermometer is from 370C to 420C.
37. At which digit is there a red mark in the clinical thermometer?
Ans: There is a red mark in the clinical thermometer at 98.6
38. When can it be said that a person has fever?
Ans: Increase in body temperature indicates that person has fever.
39. 0 equals how many ?
Ans: 0 equals to 32

L-No 10
40. What is Air Pollution?
Ans The process of air becoming impure and harmful to the living beings is called air pollution.
41. What is the proportion of carbondioxide in the atmosphere?
Ans The proportion of carbondioxide in the atmosphere is 0.03% .
42. What is the cause of spreading harmful radiations in the atmosphere?
Ans In the present time, atomic energy is used in different works and so radioactive pollution has increased .
43. What is the adverse effect on plants due to air pollution?
Ans There is decrease in growth of leaves ,flowers and fruits of plants.
44. How does sunlight help in reducing air pollution?
AnsThe micro-organisms present in the air are killed by heat of the sun and so air becomes pure.
45. Which gas is used by Green plants during photosynthesis and which gas is released?
Ans Green plants uses carbon-dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis.
46. Write the full form of PUC?
Ans The full form of PUC is Pollution Under Control.
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47.Which planet is nearest to the sun?
Ans. The planet nearest to the sun is Mercury.
48. How many times is Jupiter larger than the earth?
Ans. Jupiter is 1317 times larger than earth.
49. Which is the most beautiful planet of the solar system?
Ans. Most beautiful planet of the solar system is Saturn.
50. Which planets cannot be seen with unaided eye?
Ans. Planets which cannot be seen with unaided eye are Uranus and Neptune.
51. Which two planets are nearer to the Earth?
Ans Two planets nearer to the Earth are Mercury and Venus.
52. Which is the satellite of the Earth?
Ans The satellite of the Earth is Moon.
53. Which planet is farthest from the sun?
Ans The planet farthest from the sun is Pluto.
54. Which planet in the solar system is known as Dark planet?
Ans In the solar system Pluto is known as the Dark planet.
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55. For whose protection and breeding is the Sunderbans Sanctuary established in West Bengal?
Ans: Sunderbans Sanctuary in West Bengal is established for the protection and breeding of tigers.
56. Which animal is known as the king of the forest?
 VII Science 6

Ans: Lion is known as the king of the forest.

57.Which bird is always seen in the pair of male and female?
Ans: The bird always seen in the pair of male and female is Indian Crane (Sarus).
58. Which fish is called Maghra by the Gujarati fisherman?
Ans: Whale Shark is called Maghra by the Gujarati fisherman.
59. Where is the biggest aviary of India situated?
Ans: The biggest aviary of India is situated at Indroda Park Sanctuary in Gandhinagar.

Ex 3 Ans in short
L-1

Q1. What are closed and open electric circuits?

A. If both the ends of cell are connected at the different ends of the bulb using conducting wire , then such
closed path is known as close circuits. If one of the ends of the bulb or cell is disconnected then such a circuit
is known as an open circuit.
Q2. What is the use of a switch in an electric circuit?
A. A switch is used to make an open circuit or close circuit by Off or On state.
Q3. Make list of electrical appliances used in your home.
A.The electrical appliances used in our home are Micro wave, T.V , fridge , tube light, fan,telephone,air
conditioner,washing machine , computer etc.
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Q4.State the principle of a lever .State the types of levers.
A. The principle of lever is ,the product of the load and the load-distance is equal to the product of the
effort and the effort distance.
B. There are three types of lever:1Lever of first type 2Lever of second type 3Lever of third type.

Q5.What is a lever of the first type?Give its three examples.

A.A lever in which fulcrum is between the load and effort is called lever of first type. Eg pincers, scissors
.pliers.
Q6.What is a lever of the second type?Give its three examples.
A.A lever in which load is between the fulcrum and effort is called lever of second type. eg nut cracker,lemon
squeezer, mango cutter.
Q7.What is the lever of third type?Give three examples.
A.A lever in which effort is between the fulcrum and load is called lever of third type. eg broom,tongs,fishing
rod.
Q8.Explain with a diagram that scissors is a lever of the first type.
A.The cloth is cut by keeping it between the two blades of the scissors. This is the position of load. Force is
applied at the handles. This is effort. The blades and handles move at the screw given at the middle of the
scissors.This screw is the fulcrum. Thus, in tailors scissors the fulcrum is between the load and effort.So,it is a
lever of first type.
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Q9. Mention the methods to separate the components of a mixture?
A. The methods to separate the components of a mixture are picking, sieving, winnowing, decantation,
filtering, magnet method , sublimation, evaporation and distillation.
Q10. Why is it necessary to separate the components of a mixture?
A. It is necessary to separate the components of a mixture;
1) To remove unwanted components.
2) To get rid of harmful components.
3) To known the proportion of the components.
4) To obtain pure sample for components .
Q11. Explain in short the method of winnowing?
 VII Science 7

A. In a mixture, substances which are light in weight can be separated by blowing some air. This method is
known as winnowing.To separate the components with winnowing method, their densities should be
different.eg 1) Husk can be separated from grains.2)Chaffs from salted peanuts can be separated.
Q12. State the uses of distilled water?
A. Distilled water is used in batteries of vehicles. Doctors use distilled water to dissolved medicines given
through injections.It is also used in cars batteries.
Q13. Where are the methods picking and sieving used? (Give two examples of each )
A. Hand picking- 1)This method is commonly used in homes to remove unwanted or harmful constituents
from wheat, pulses and rice. 2) Picking plastic bags from solid waste.
Sieving- It is used for cleaning flour and grains.2) To separate pebbles or stones from sand.

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Q 14 . Which activity will you perform to find the relation between kilogram and gram?
A. 1] Take one balance put 1kg weight in one of the pans.
2]Put the different weights of grams in the other pan and balance.
3]The gram measurement equal to 1kg in the other pan is 1000gms.Thus 1kg =1000gms

Q 15 . Which precautions should be taken while measuring the volume of a liquid using a measuring
cylinder ?
A. Precautions taken while measuring the volume of a liquid using a measuring cylinder are;
1] Measuring cylinder should be kept on horizontal flat surface. 2]Upper surface of water in a measuring
cylinder becomes curved.The position of the eye should be in a straight line with the lower part of curved
surface.
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Q16.Explain the Angle of incidence .
A.The angle between the normal and the incident ray is called the angle of incidence.
Q17.Explain the Angle of reflection.
A.The angle between the normal and the reflected ray is called the angle of reflection.
Q18.State the laws of reflection of light .
A.The laws of reflection of light are:
1Measures of angle of incidence and angle of reflection are equal.
2The incident ray and the reflected ray lie on opposite side of normal.
3The incident ray,normal and the reflected ray are in same plane.

Q20 . State the characteristics of the image formed by a plane mirror?

A. The characteristics of the image formed by a plane mirror are;
1. The image is of the same size .2. The image is virtual and erect.
3. The image is laterally inverted .
4. Object and image are equidistant from the mirror.
Q21 . Which English capital letters of the alphabet read the same in the plane mirror?
A. The English capital letters of the alphabet read the same in the plane mirror are A, B, H,
I,M,O,T,U,V,W,Y.
Q22 . Calculate the number of images formed by placing an object between two plane mirrors, when the angle
between them is 45?
A. No. of images= 360 -1
Angle between two plane mirrors
= 360 -1
45
= 7 images are formed
Q23 . Observe the image in a plane mirror. How will you explain lateral inversion?
 VII Science 8

A. When we lift our right hand, the left hand of our image rises. When we lift our left hand the right hand of
our image is raised. Thus, this way the images show lateral images.
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Q24.State the principle used in the working of 1.a solar cooker and 2. Shaving mirror
A.Solar cooker-Conversion of solar energy into heat.
Shaving mirror-To get virtual,erect and enlarged image of an object kept within the focal length of a concave
mirror.
Q25.What are the practical uses of a concave mirror?
A.Uses of concave mirror are1.It is used in torch light and search light.2.It is used as shaving mirror.3.It is
used as headlights of vehicles.4.It is used in compound microscope.
Q26.Why are big convex mirror s placed in front of the reception tables of some hotels or big shopping malls?
A. Big convex mirrors are placed in front of the reception tables of some hotels or big shopping malls because
the image of a object kept at any distance from convex mirror is always virtual,erect and small. The
receptionist observes all the people clearly.
Q27.Mention by drawing the figure,the position,nature and size of the image of an object kept on the centre of
curvature of a concave mirror.
Figure:

A.Position of the object:On centre of curvature.

Position of the image:On the centre of curvature.
Nature of the object:Real and inverted.
Size of the object:Same as object
Q28.Mention by drawing the figure,the position,nature and size of the image of an object kept in front of a
convex mirror.

Figure:
A.The image is virtual,erect and small in size.
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Q29. State two properties of a compound.
A.Properties of a compound are:
1. Constituent elements are in fixed proportion.
2. Constituent elements lose their property.
Q30. State properties of a mixture.
A. Properties of a mixture are:
1 Constituent elements are not in fixed proportion.
2. Constituent elements retain their property.

Q31.Explain that water is a compound.

A. Water is a compound because water is formed when hydrogen and oxygen are mixed in a fixed proportion.
Hydrogen and oxygen lose their property. Hydrogen is combustible. Oxygen supports combustion. While
water formed is neither combustible nor supports combustion.

L-No 8
Q32. State two functions of the skeleton?
A. Two functions of skeleton are 1 it gives shape and support to the body .2 It gives strength to the body 3 it
protects the delicate internal organs of our body.
Q33. What are joints? State two types of joints?
A. The place where two bones meet in the skeleton is called joints. The two types of joints are 1 Immovable
joints 2 Movable joints.
Q34. Where do we have joints in our body?
A. We have joints in our body in hands, legs , skull, rib cage and vertebral column .
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Q35. Where are the flexible joints found in our body?

A. The flexible joints found in our body are the;1 joints of vertebrae 2 joints of fingers 3 joints of shoulders 4
joints of bones of elbow 5 knee joints
Q36. Where are inflexible joints found in our body?
A. In flexible joints found in our body are the; 1 bones of cheek 2 bones of ribs 3 Bones of skull 4 Bones of
nose 6 Bones of pelvic Girdle .
Q37. What would happen , if there are no bones in our body?
A. If there are no bones in our body, our body would not have definite shape or size.
Q38. State two functions of muscular system
A.Two functions of muscular system are 1 Due to their elastic nature muscles help in locomotion and
movement 2 Muscles give shape to the body 3 Air enters into the lungs with the help of muscles 4 muscles
push the food in alimentary canal through food pipe.

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Q39.The hot water taken for a bath becomes cold after sometime. Why does this happen?
A. The hot water taken for bath becomes cold after sometime because it loses heat to the surrounding. The
temperature of hot water is more than the surroundings. After sometime the hot water becomes cold.
Q40. Why do we blow out over tea while drinking hot tea?
A. We blow out over tea while drinking hot tea so that the tea loses heat and cools faster.
Q41.Why is mercury filled in a thermometer?
A.Mercury is a metal in liquid state. It is expands, when heat is supplied to it. It never sticks with the tube, so
it can easily move in glass tube. Because of glittering of mercury, the thermometer can be seen easily. So the
temperature of the substances can be easily read.
.
Q42. What happens, if there is no constriction in the capillary tube in a clinical thermometer?
A. If there is no constriction in the capillary tube in a clinical thermometer the mercury level will fall down as
soon as the thermometer is removed from the contact of the body and correct reading cannot be obtained. Due
to constriction the mercury level does not fall even after it is removed from the contact of the patients body.
Q43. Take a cup and a bowl. Fill water in them. Put both of them in a refrigerator. In which vessel will the
water become cool quickly? Why?
A. Water in cup will cool faster because it has less mass than water in bowl which has more mass so it will
cool slowly .
Q44. Fill a cup of glass with hot water. Fill the pan with cold water. Place the cup in the pan. Touch the water
in the pan after sometime. Note your observation. Explain thermal equilibrium based on your observation.
A. The water in the pan has become slightly warm whereas the water in the glass has become slightly cool.
The heat transfers from hotter substance to colder substance due to temperature difference.
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Q46. Why do we feel suffocation in the closed hall where many people gather?
A. We feel suffocation in the closed hall where many people gather because people exhale carbon dioxide and
so the proportion of carbon dioxide increases.Moreover there is no entry of fresh air in the closed hall, so we
feel suffocation due to pollution.
Q47. Why do doctors and nurses cover their mouths with masks?
A. Doctors and nurses cover their mouths with masks so that the entry of micro organisms can be avoided and
we may not suffer from infectious disease .
Q48. Why is PUC of automobiles required?
A.PUC means Pollution Under Control . PUC certificate is given to vehicles owners , to check the combustion
of fuel and level of pollutants being emitted from the exhaust of their vehicles . So to reduce pollution of air,
PUC of automobiles is required.

Q49. How do the trees help us to control air pollution?

 VII Science 10

A. 1Trees absorb carbondioxide (CO2)and releases oxygen (o2) during the process of photosynthesis . It
reduces air pollution. 2 Plants release moisture through transpiration.
Q50. State the effects of air pollution on human beings
A. The effects of air pollution on human beings are [1]Irritation in eyes ,nose and throat.[2]Sneezing [3]
Difficulty in breathing [4] Cancer of trachea and lungs [5] Infertility (6) diseases of skin and eyes.
Q51. State the natural factors that reduce air pollution .
A. The natural factors that reduce air pollution are plant, rain, wind sunlight.

Q52. What is acid rain?

A. When the moisture in the atmosphere increases the proportion of dry particles and acidic gases like sulphur
dioxide and nitrogen oxide etc dissolve in the moisture and produce sulphuric acid H2SO4 and nitric acid
HNO3 respectively . It falls in the land with the rain and it is called acid rain.
Q53. State the effects of acid rain?
A. The effects of acid rain are 1 Deforestation 2 Decrease in the soil nutrients and land becomes barren 3 Big
monumental buildings gets damage.
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Q54.Which members are included in the solar system?
A. Members included in the solar system are sun ,planets ,satellites ,asteroids ,comets ,and meteors.
Q55 .What is a solar system? Write the names of planet of the solar system?
A .The sun and the planets moving around the sun is called the solar system. Planets of solar system are
Mercury, Venus ,Earth ,Mars ,Jupiter ,Saturn ,Uranus and Neptune.
Q56. What are interior planets? Name them ?
A .The planets whose orbits are smaller than the orbit of the Earth are called interior planets . Mercury and
Venus are interior planets.
Q57.What are outer planets ? Name them ?
A. The planets whose orbits are bigger than the orbit of Earth are called outer planets. Mars ,Jupiter ,Saturn
,Uranus and Neptune.
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Q58.How are birds useful to maintain environmental equilibrium?
A.Most of the birds feed on small insects and worms.Sparrows feed on insects which are harmful to
crops.Some birds of prey feed on small birds,snake,frog etc.So the number of insects remain in
control.Thus,birds are useful to maintain environmental equilibrium.
Q59.When does the environment equilibrium gets disturbed?
A.The environmental equilibrium gets disturbed by:
1} Cutting of trees.
2} Industrialization.
3} Pollution of air, water, soil.
4} Noise pollution.
5} Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Q60. What type of problems arise due to environmental imbalance?
A.The problems arising due to environmental imbalance are:
1} Problems like heavy rain, draught, extreme heat, earthquake, Tsunami, global warming, etc. 2} Extinction
of birds and animals.
Q61. Which type of efforts would you do to conserve the environmental equilibrium?
Ans: The following steps should be taken to conserve the environmental equilibrium:
1} Grow more trees.
2} Stop deforestation.
3} Protect air, water and soil against pollution.
4} Should destroy harmful waste properly.
5} By protecting useful insects, birds and animals.
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Ex4. Define
L-6
1.Pole of a curved mirror-The centre of the reflecting surface of a curved mirror is called the pole of a
curved mirror.
2.Centre of curvature of a concave mirror-The centre of the sphere from which curved mirror is cut is
called the centre of curvature of a concave mirror.
3.Radius of curvature of a curved mirror-The distance between the pole and the centre of curvature is
called the radius of curvature of a curved mirror.
4.Principal focus of a concave mirror The incident rays of light parallel to the principal axis of a concave
mirror, after reflection get concentrated at a point on the principal axis This point on the principal axis is the
principal focus of the concave mirror.
5.Focal length of a curved mirror-The distance between the pole and the principal focus is called the focal
length of the curved mirror.
6.Element-The group of atoms of similar kind forms an element.
7.Compound-More than one element combined in definite proportion to form a new sustance with different
property is compound.
8. Mixture-More than one element of compound mixed in any proportion in such a way that they retain their
property to form a mixture.
9.Temperature-The degree of hotness or coldness of any substance is called temperature.
10.Melting point-The definite temperature at which a substance changes its state from solid to liquid is called
the melting point of the substance.
11.Boiling point- The definite temperature at which a substance changes its state from liquid to gas is called
its boiling point.
12.Pollution The changes that are harmful to the environment are known as pollution.
13.Pollutants- The factors responsible to spread pollution are called pollutants.
14.Solar system-The group of sun and all celestial objects revolving around the sun is called solar system.
15.Satellite-The celestial objects that moves around the planet is called satellite.
16.Asteroids- Small rocks which failed to form a planet at the time of formation of solar system are called
asteroids.
17.Light year-It is the astronomical unit to measure distance between celestial objects.It is the distance
travelled by light in 1 year.

Ex5. True or false

L-1
1 Cell is a device using electrical energy. False.
2 Our body is an electrical conductor. True.
3 A wire which cannot melt easily is used in a fuse False.
4 Electrical appliances in a house are connected in series in the electric circuit False.
L-2
5 Lever is a type of simple machine. true
6 Seesaw is the lever of a third type. false
7 More load can be lifted with less effort in the lever of third type. false
8 The position of effort in a nutcracker is between the load and the fulcrum. false
9 The fulcrum in the lever of the first type is between the load and effort. true
L-3
10.The soluble substance in water can be separated by filtration.F
11.Coconut oil and water are the liquids which mix with each other .F
12.Dry ice is a solid form of carbon dioxide.T
13.Dry ice is a sublimate.T
 VII Science 12

14.Kerosene floats on water in the mixture of kerosene and water.T

L-4
15.The weight of a substance remains the same everywhere.F
16.The magnitude of mass of a body remains the same everywhere.T
17.The more the quantity of matter of a substance ,the less is its mass.F
18.The gravitational force acting on a substance is called its volume.F
19.The body having more density than water sinks in water.T
L-5
20.The angle of reflection of a ray of light perpendicular to a plane mirror is 900F
21.The image formed by a plane mirror is always in front of the mirror.F
22.Two plane mirrors are kept in a kaleidoscope.F
l-6
23 A convex mirror has its outer surface polished. True
24 The rays parallel to the principal axis of a concave mirror meet at the centre of curvature after reflection.
False
25 A concave mirror always forms a real image. False
26 A convex mirror always forms a virtual and diminished image. True.

Ex6. Distinguish between:

L-5
Regular Reflection and Irregular Reflection
1 Flat, even and smooth surface is required for regular reflection.
2 The incident ray get reflected parallaly.
3 Reflected rays move back in the same direction.
Irregular reflection
1 Rough and uneven surface is required for irregular reflection.
2 The incident ray does not get reflected parallally.
3 Reflected rays move back in different direction.

L 2.Concave mirror and convex mirror Mixture

- Concave mirror
6 1.Inner hollow surface is reflecting surface.
2.The image obtained by this mirror can be real or virtual.

Convex mirror
1.Outer bulgind surface is reflecting surface.
2.The image obtained by this mirror is always virtual.

3.Real image and Virtual image.

Real image
1.When the reflected ray actually meet ,a real image is formed.
2.It is always inverted.
Inverted image
1.When the reflected rays appear to meet ,a virtual image is formed.
2.It is always erect.

Compound
1) Its components lose their properties. 1) Its components retain their properties.
2) The proportion of its components are 2) The proportion of its components is not
fixed. fixed.
3) Eg Water,salt. 3) Eg Air,soil.
 VII Science 13

L-8
5.Voluntary muscles and involuntary muscles:
Voluntary muscles-1. The muscles which can be moved according to our will is known as voluntary muscles.
2. Eg. Muscles of neck, hands and legs etc.
Involuntary muscles-1. The muscles which cannot be moved according to our will is known as involuntary
muscles. 2. Eg. Muscles of heart, lungs, intestine etc.
L9
6. Clinical thermometer and simple thermometer
Clinical thermometer1. There is notch present at the lower end of the thin capillary tube above the bulb
containing mercury. 2. There are divisions from 95 0 F to 1060 F. 3. It is used to measure temperature of
human beings.
Simple thermometer1. A notch is not there at the lower end of the thin capillary tube. 2. There are division
from 00 C to 1000 C. 3. It is used to measure temperature of substance.
L11

7.Mercury and Jupiter

Mercury1. It is the nearest planet to the Earth. 2. It is an interior planet. 3. It does not have satellite.
Jupiter1. It is the largest planet. 2. It is an exterior planet. 3. It has satellites.
8. Sun and Moon
Sun1. It is a star. 2. It has its own light. 3. It is seen during day time.
Moon1. It is Satellite of Earth. 2. It does not have its own light. 3. It is seen during night time.

Ex 7. Give reasons
L-No 1
1 . A fuse is kept in the domestic electric circuit because 1.There are chances of the electric current
exceeding in the circuit .This damages electrical appliances. If a fuse wire is kept in the circuit, it melts due to
execss of current and the circuit becomes open. Current stops flowing in the circuit . Electrical appliances are
prevented from damage .Hence a fuse wire is kept in electric circuit in the house.
L-No 2
2 In tailors scissors the length of blades is kept more than that of the handles, so that load distance
becomes more than effort distance. So on applying force on handles, handles move less but blades move more
distance . So more length of cloth is cut quickly and the speed of work increases.
3 In scissors for cutting metal sheet the length of handles is kept more than that of blades ,so that the
effort distance becomes more than the load distance and work can be done with less efforts. Thus the cutting
of metal sheet can be done with less effort.
L-No 4
4 The physical balance used in the laboratory is kept in a glass box , so that there is no effect of breeze or
breathe on it.
5 An iron piece sinks in water, but the ship made of iron floats on water because 1The density of iron is
more than that of water. So, an iron piece sinks in water.2.The construction of ship is such that its entire
volume is much more than its mass.3.So, the density of ship is less than that of water. Hence, the ship made of
iron floats on water
L-6
6.A concave mirror is used in a parabolic solar cooker because all the rays of sun parallel to principal axis
meet at focus after reflection by concave mirror. Such rays produce large amount of heat which helps to cook
the food easily.
 VII Science 14

7.Convex mirror is used as a side glass in vehicles because image of an object kept at any distance in front
of convex mirror is always virtual, erect and small. The image is obtained between the principal focus and the
pole.So,it is very close to the viewer, The driver can see vehicles coming from behind and avoid accidents and
drive safely.
L-No 8
8. Children should develop the habit to sit straight because their bones are soft. They get bent easily if child
does not sit straight. There is a possibility that the child would become humped. Hence children should
develop the habit to sit straight.
9 Bones are necessary for the body because 1. It gives shape and support to the body.2 Bones give strength
and firmness to the body. 3 We can perform movement and locomotion, stand up and sit down and stand erect
because of bones.
10 Vertebral column is elastic because the vertebral column has cushion like structures between each
vertebrae and its s shaped arrangement makes it flexible. The cushion like structure is a disk shaped cartilage
present between two successive vertebrae which makes it elastic.
L-No 9
11 Clinical thermometer cannot be used to measure the temperature of boiling water because water
boils at 100 clinical thermometer can measure upto 42 . So if the clinical thermometer is dipped
in boiling water the mercury may expand and the bulb gets broken or burst.
L- No 10
12. Factories and mills should be established away from residential areas because factories and mills
continuously release poisonous gases. The air is polluted and we may suffer from various diseases if we inhale
such gases.
13. Trees should be planted surrounding our residence because {1} They absorb Co2 and release O 2 and
thus reduce pollution .{2} Trees give out moisture during transpiration and makes the environment cool. {3}
Trees stop soil erosion .{4} Trees help in bringing rain
L-No 11
14.Life is not possible on Mercury: because(1)It has no atmosphere. (2)It is the hottest planet (3)It has large
difference between day and night temperature.

Ex8.Classify L-1
1.Classify between electrical conductors and electrical insulators
:[iron key, pin, wood, leather, aluminum wire, rubber, copper rod, ebonite, plastic, silver, our body, brass,
wool, match, thin stick of graphite.]

Electrical conductors - iron key, pin, aluminum wire, copper rod, silver, our body, brass,thin stick of
graphite
Electrical insulators = wood, leather, rubber, ebonite, plastic, wool, match
L-2
2.Classify into lever of first, second and third type:
[ tailors scissors, nutcracker, pincers, tongs, seesaw, beam balance, lemon squeezer, broom, oar of a
boat, fishing hook.]

1) Levers of the first type :-Tailors scissors ,pincers ,seesaw, beam balance.
2) Levers of second type :-nutcracker , lemon squeezer ,oar of boat .
3) Levers of third type :- tongs , fishing hook, broom.
L-4
3.Classify into the units of mass, weight and volume:
[Kilogram, newton, litre, quintal, cubic metre,gram,cm3,ton,millilitre.]
Units of mass- Kilogram,quintal,gram,ton
Units of Weight- Newton
Units of Volume litre,cubic metre ,cm3,millilitre
 VII Science 15

L- 7
4. Classify into element , compound , mixture
[Air, water, iron, oxygen, soil, carbon dioxide, sugar, brass, silver, magnesium, sharbat, sulphur, salt, sodium,
solution of glucose.]
Elements: iron, oxygen, silver, magnesium, sulphur, sodium.
Compounds: water, carbon dioxide, sugar, salt.
Mixtures: air, soil, brass, sherbat, solution of glucose.
Ex 9.Answer the following in detail
L-1
Q1. Explain with a diagram simple electric circuit
Diagram

A. When both the ends of the cell are connected with two ends of the bulb by a conducting wire, the electric
circuit so formed is called simple electric circuit.When the simple electric circuit is closed electric circuit, the
bulb glows. If any end of the cell or the bulb is disconnected, then the circuit becomes open. The bulb does not
glow in the open electric circuit.
Q2. What precautions will you take while using electrical appliances?
A .The precautions to be taken while using electrical appliances are:
1) Not to connect wires directly in the plug
2) Insulating tape should be used while connecting two ends of wires.
3) Not to touch the electric switch with wet hands.
4) Switch off, before connecting an electrical appliances in the electric bulb.
Q3 . When there is a problem in a light or fan in one room at home, the lights and fans in the other rooms
remain on. Why does it so happen?
A. At home, electrical appliances are connected in parallel in the electric circuit. There is a separate electric
circuit for each appliance in parallel connection. When there is a problem in an appliance, the circuit
connected to it brakes and electric current stops flowing in the circuit .Because of parallel connection, electric
connection continues to flow in other circuits. Hence the appliances in the other rooms remain on.
L-3
Q4. Where are the methods decantation and filtration used?(Give two examples of each)
Ans. Decantation-1 It can be used to separate dust ,dirt from water after settling. 2 To separate a mixture of
two immersible liquids like oil and water.
Filtration1 Sand from water can be separated by filtration. 2 Huge filters of metal are used to prevent the
wastage chocking up in the underground pipelines or gutters in industries or big cities.
L-4
Q5 . Take some wheat in one pan of a balance? How will you measure mass of wheat?
Ans 1 Take a physical balance .
2 Place the wheat in one pan
3 Put the weight of approximate mark in another pan
4 If the pan containing wheat lowers down take the wheat and put the other weight of less quantity.
5 Continue this process till both pan becomes horizontal.
6Mass in both the pans become equal
7 The measurement, of the weight placed in the pan is the mass of the substance.
Q7. How will you measure the volume of an irregular shaped solid which floats on water using a measuring
cylinder.
Ans. A. Take a measuring cylinder. B. Fill it with water upto 40 ml. C. Keep the irregular solid substance
which floats on the surface of water. D. Immerse it in water with a pointed needle. C. Difference in the water
level is a volume of the given substance.
Q8. Why are the different designs formed in a kaleidoscope?
 VII Science 16

Ans. The rectangular strips of the plane mirror are arranged at 60 with each other. Five images and the
original object which makes a total of six similar images are seen in the two mirrors .Such images are formed
of all various pieces so a number of coloured geometric shaped are formed.
Q9. Which activity will you performed to explain the phenomenon of reflection of light?
Ans. (1) Take a small plane mirror.
(2) Allow the torch light to fall on it.
(3) Now adjust the incident torch light and try to see its reflection on the wall or screen.
(4) A bright spot of light is seen on the wall.
(5) Here, ray of light incident of mirror is reflected by the mirror which we see on the wall as a bright
spot.
l6
Q10. How will you determine the approximate focal length of a concave mirror?
Ans. A. Take a concave mirror. B. Adjust it on the stand. C. Keep a torch at a distance larger than centre of
curvature. D. Allow the light to fall on it. E. Obtain point size image of rays of light reflected from concave
mirror on the paper. All rays meet at a point. This point is the focal point. F. The distance between the focal
point and the pole is the focal length.
L-7
Q11. Give general information regarding atom.
Ans: 1) . Atom is the basic unit of an element.
2) . It consists of three particles: Protons, Neutrons and electrons.
3) . Protons have positive charge, Neutrons have no charge and electrons have negative charge.
4). The positive centre of an atom is called nucleus.
5) Nucleus consists of protons and neutrons.
6) Electrons move around the nucleus in a definite circular path called orbit.
7). In an atom the number of protons and electrons are same so it is neutral.
8). Mass of protons and neutrons is nearly same.

L-8
Q12. What is a muscle? State two types of muscles with examples ?
Ans Muscles are group of tissues in the body that can contract and relax and perform movements of organs in
the body. The types of muscles are 1 voluntary muscle eg- muscles of neck , hands and legs 2 Involuntary
muscles eg- muscles of lungs, heart and intestine.
Q13.Write in short about pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle
Ans Pectoral girdle- It is made up of 4 bones .It is connected with chest bone on the ventral side and with the
vertebral column by muscles on dorsal side. Pectoral girdle helps the shoulders from lurching.
Pelvic girdle- It forms the base of pelvic region and hip .It is connected to the vertebral column on the
backside and joint together in front. Hip bones are connected the hind limbs on both lateral sides . There are
two bones in pelvic girdle.
L-9
Q14. Which precautions should be taken while measuring the body temperature with a clinical thermometer?
Ans: The following precautions should be taken while measuring the body temperature with a clinical
thermometer:
1. It should be washed properly.
2. It should be given a light jerk to bring the mercury level to the lowest mark.
3. The bulb should be kept in contact of the patients body for a minute.
4. Temperature should be noted by keeping the eye horizontal with the level of mercury in the thermometer.
L-10
Q15.What care should be taken of automobiles to reduce pollution?
Ans {1} Proper arrangement should be made for discharge of smoke from industries .{2} Engine of the
vehicles should be checked at regular intervals and should be serviced at proper intervals. {3} PUC of
vehicles should be made. {4} Fuels and engine oils without any adulteration should be used. {5} Fuels
 VII Science 17

producing less pollution should be used in vehicles. {6} The rules regarding pollution control should be
strictly followed.
Q16. Explain green house effect?
Ans Carbon dioxide possesses the property to absorb heat .When solar radiation enters our atmosphere, Our
soil absorbs some radiation and converts it into heat. This is reflected back but that is absorbed by atmosphere
carbon dioxide. Thus it maintains the atmospheric temperature. But due to increase in proportion of CO2 in the
air , the temperature of our earth has also increased .This effect is known as Greenhouse effect.
L-11
Q17. .Write four special features each of Mercury and Venus?
A. Mercury:-1)It is the nearest to the sun .
2) It has no atmosphere .
3) It has no satellite .
4) Life does not exist there
.5) Days and nights are longer.
Venus:-1) It is the nearest planet to the earth .2) It is the brightest planet.
3) It has no satellite.
4) It is seen in east before sunrise and in the west after sunset.
5) It is known as the morning star.
6) It has atmosphere.
Q18. Write four special features each of Mars and Jupiter?
A. Mars:- 1) It is the red planet.
2) Its atmosphere is like earth but less dense.
3) It has satellites.
4) There is a vast difference in the temperature of day and night.
Jupiter - 1) It is the largest planet .
2) It is 1317 times bigger than the Earth .
3) It has highest gravitational force .
4) Its diameter is 11 times more than that of the Earth .
Q19. Write a short note on asteroids.
A. 1)They are members of solar family.
2)They are small rocks which failed to become the planet during the formation of solar system.
3)They are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
4)They revolve around the sun.
5)They are more in number.
L-13
Q20. Give four reasons for the danger of existence of tiger
Ans: The reasons for the danger of existence of tiger are:
1} Hunted by humans.
2} Human sells skin, claws and other organs for earning money.
3} Due to deforestation tiger lose their habitat.
4} Tigers do not get food due to the decreasing number of herbivores.
5} Due to air pollution and noise pollution.
Q21. What can be done to protect and nurture endangered animals?
Ans: The following steps can be taken to protect endangered animals:
1} Stop deforestation and grow more trees.
2} Protect air, water and soil pollution.
3} Use chemical fertilizers and pesticides carefully.
4} Stop hunting of birds and animals.
5} By developing national parks and sanctuaries we should nurture environment by protecting useful birds,
animals and insects.
Q22. Give reasons for the endangered or threatened bird species.
Ans: The reasons for the endangering and threatening bird species are:
 VII Science 18

1} Loss of habitat.
2} Scarcity of food due to cutting of trees.
3} They migrate due to noise pollution, scarcity of water bodies and lost of natural habitat.
4} Their health is lost due to industrialization as well as water, air, soil pollution.
5} By eating toxic {poisonous} food due to use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers used by farmers.

Ex-10. Experiments
L-3
1.Describe an experiment with diagram to separate the components of the mixture of kerosene and water.
Aim: To separate the components of mixture of kerosene and water.
Apparatus and Materials: Stand, separating funnel, beaker, water, kerosene.
Procedure:1. Keep a beaker below the separating funnel which is filled with mixture of kerosene and
water.2.Keep it steady for some time.3.Open the stop cock of the separating funnel.4.Close the cock when the
water of the funnel comes out completely.5.Take other beaker and collect kerosene in it .
Conclusion: We can separate two immiscible liquids like kerosene and water from its mixture by using a
separating funnel.
2.Describe an experiment to separate the components from the mixture of camphor and common salt.
AimTo separate the components from the mixture of camphor and common salt.

Apparatustripod, cotton, glass funnel, evaporating dish, camphor and common salt, wire guaze,
spirit lamp.
Procedure: 1] Take a mixture of camphor and common salt in an evaporating dish. 2] Arrange the
evaporating dish on a tripod stand as shown in the figure. 3] Place a glass funnel upside down over the
evaporating dish. 4] close the nozzle of the glass funnel with cotton. 5] Heat the mixture till the white
smoke starts rising up in the nozzle of the funnel, then extinguish the spirit lamp. 6] Allow the glass
funnel to cool down for some time and observe the white substance on the inner side of the funnel.
Observation: 1] White particles deposited on the inner side of the funnel are particles of camphor. 2]
The component in the dish is common salt.

Conclusion: Some solid substance are converted directly into gaseous form on heating and on cooling we get
the pure solid substance. This method is called Sublimation.
L-4
3.Describe with a neat diagram , an experiment to find the volume of a stone using a measuring cylinder.
Aim To find the volume of a stone using a measuring cylinder.
Apparatus and materials Measuring cylinder, stone, water, strong thread
Figure-
Procedure- 1 Take an irregular shaped stone 2 Tie it with thin strong string 3 Take a measuring glass. 4 Fill it
half with water. 5 Place it on horizontal flat surface. 6 Note the level of water (V)1
7 Immerse the stone tied with string in the measuring glass slowly and observe the level of water (V2)
Observation- The level of water rises V1 =60 ml V2 = 70 ml.
Calculation-Volume of stone =V2-V1
=70-60 ml
=10ml
1ml = 10 cubic cm
Therefore 10 ml=100 cubic cm
Conclusion: Thus the volume of irregular stone is 10 cubic cm.
4. Describe, with a neat diagram, an experiment to find the volume of stone using a displacement vessel.
Aim- To find the volume of stone using a displacement vessel.
Apparatus and materials- A displacement vessel, stone, water, measuring cylinder, strong string.
Figure-
 VII Science 19

Procedure-1 Take irregular shape stone. 2 Tie it with string. 3 Take a displacement vessel. 4 Place it on a
horizontal flat surface. 5 Fill it with water and allow the excess water to flow. 6 Adjust the measuring cylinder
near the end of the nozzle. 7 Slowly immerse the stone tied with thread completely in the water. 8 Collect the
displaced water in the measuring cylinder. 9 Note down the water collected in the measuring cylinder.
Observation- The volume of water displaced by the stone and collected in the measuring cylinder is 20 ml.
Conclusion- volume of displaced water = volume of stone
=20 ml
= 20 cubic cm
 VII Science 20

Paper Style Marks

Q1 Choose the correct option. 15
Q2Ans in one sentence .(any 15) 15
Q3Ans in short .(any 6) 12
Q4Define . (any 5) 5
Q5True or False . 5
Q6Distinguish (any 2 ) 4
Q7Give reasons .(any 3) 6
Q8Classify. (any 1) 3
Q9Ans in detail.(any 4) 12
Q10 Experiment .(any1) 3