Barometric height 2. What is static pressure at sea level called? QNH 3. What happens to static pressure as altitude increases? Decreases 4. With Aneroid bellows Meter what is significant about small pressure changes at low level compared to high level? Small height change low level, large height change high level 5. What is Dynamic pressure? Difference between total +static pressure 6. In a Pneumatic Airspeed Indicator what is the movement of bellows proportional to? Dynamic pressure 7. How does the Total pressure vary with speed? Higher speed higher pressure, lower speed lower pressure 8. What does a Vertical speed indicator show? Rate of climb or descent in ft/min 9. Which pressure does it use? Static 10. How is static pressure connected to sealed case? Via a calibrated metering unit or capillary tube 11. Where are static ports always located? Area of smooth air flow 12. Where can ports be located? Fwd fuselage 13. What protective measures must be carried out with static ports? Kept clean and smooth 14. What is the difference between measured static and real pressure called? Static source error 15. What is this dependent on? Fuselage shape, airspeed, angle of attack, flap gear positions 16. What flight condition influences measured static? Side slip 17. How is this compensated? One static port on each side, cross connected equalizes pressure 18. What is pitot pressure used for? Airspeed indicator 19. Which direction does pitot probe point? Into airflow 20. What must you ensure about the probes leading edge? Always in good condition 21. How are water and foreign objects prevented from entering probe? Baffle in front of tube 22. How is ice prevented? Heater in probe 23. What must be fitted on the ground? Cover 24. What do some pitot probes include? Static ports 25. What is altitude alert system used for? Warn of deviation from clearance height 26. How is this checked? Compares actual height with pilots selected height 27. How much deviation normally triggers system? Over 300ft 28. What are the warning indications? Chime, flashing altitude alert light, window around Alt in PFD flashes 29. When is the alert system inhibited? Clearance height being changed, during approach when a/c intercepts Glide slope, when AP active 30. When else is the alert triggered? 900ft before selected altitude 31. How is this indicated? Short audio, steady light pulsing alt on PFD 32. What are the overspeed warning indications? Audio warning from cockpit loudspeaker or Clacker 33. When is overspeed warning generated? Whenever airspeed higher than maximum operating speed 34. What is this always independent of? Indicated airspeed 35. How is stall detected? Compares actual angle of attack with alpha max 36. What does Alpha max depend on? Flap/slat position 37. How many systems are there normally? 2 for redundancy 38. What happens when critical angle of attack is reached? Stick shaker activated, sometimes audio warning, some a/c stick pusher 39. What is required by Law to fly? Flight Data Recorder 40. What does it record? Time, heading, altitude, airspeed, vertical acceleration, pulse when PTT is pressed, last 30yrs engine, flight control, system status 41. What are the 2 types of storage device? Magnetic tape, solid state 42. Do they need maintenance? No. Only store data of last 25hrs 43. What colour are they? Bright yellow or orange 44. What are devices protected against? G-loads up to 1000G, temperatures up to more than 1000 45. What other location device do they all have? Underwater Locator Beacon 46. How long does battery of ULB last? 30 days 47. What depth can recorder and beacon withstand? 3000M 48. Where do A/C system signals first get fed to? Flight data acquisition unit 49. What does a Vertical gyro provide? Attitude indication 50. What does a directional gyro provide? Heading indication 51. What does a rate gyro provide? Rate of turn indication 52. What sort of gyro do newer systems have? Laser gyro 53. What 3 factors does stability depend on? Mass evenly distributed around spin axis, rotational speed, distance between axis and centre of mass 54. What does a force against the axis produce? Precession 55. What else are precession forces present in? All rotating components 56. How many degrees of freedom does a gyro with 1 gimbal have? 2 degrees 57. How many degrees does a gyro with 1 gimbal and a spring have? 1.5 58. What sort of gyro is this? Rate gyro 59. What is a gyro with 3 degrees of freedom called and why? Space gyro, always keeps axis direction with reference to space 60. What are 2 types of gyro error? Topple, drift 61. What is the topple rate at equator? 15/hr 62. What is the topple rate at pole? 0/hr 63. What sort of topple is this? Apparent 64. What is drift rate at equator? 0/hr 65. What is drift rate at pole? 15/hr 66. What other drift and topple exists? Real 67. What is this caused by? Mechanical imbalances, bearing forces generating precession 68. What does real drift or topple increase with? Age or mishandling 69. What eliminates drift or topple in aircraft systems? Erection system 70. In flight what does the vertical gyro axis correspond to? Vertical axis of A/C 71. When cant gyro erection system work correctly? During accelerations 72. How are incorrect indications during acceleration avoided? Gyro erection system limited to 3 per minute 73. What must be avoided because gyro topple cannot be compensated? Long accelerated turns 74. What axis are rate gyros named after? Sensitive axis 75. When is full rate of turn deflection displayed? When turn takes 2 mins called standard turn 76. When is this indication accurate? When gyro at full speed 77. What is rate of turn supplemented with? Slip indication 78. Where does STBY Horizon get power from? A/C battery in case of power supply failure 79. What sort of erection system does it use and why? Mechanical for usable horizon after power loss for 20 mins run down period 80. What is required for horizon after power activation? Caging 81. When can caging be carried out and why? When gyro runs full speed or stopped 82. Where does ADI get its attitude information from? IRU 83. What sort of indicator is it? Electromechanical 84. What else does it display? FD bars 85. What is DH lamp for? Decision Height 86. What is fast/slow pointer for? Preselected landing speed 87. What does full deflection up indicate? 10 kts too fast 88. When does ADI get gyro valid signal? When gyro at full speed 89. What happens if Pilot or F/O gyro fails? 3rd gyro feeds signal 90. What else does vertical gyro feed? AP, weather radar 91. What safety feature is built into system? System comparison 92. How is alert indicated? Check Attitude on PFD at top 93. How big a difference triggers alert? >5 94. What is magnetic variation? Difference between true and magnetic north 95. What magnetic lines can compass use? Horizontal 96. Where is compass not usable? Above 70 97. What is used instead? DG or Inertial stabilized system 98. Where is direct reading compass located? Centre of windscreen 99. What is it filled with and why? Fluid to dampen movement 100. Where does Remote compass get stable heading information from? DG 101. What is used to measure direction of magnetic field? Flux valve 102. What is displayed on indicator? Difference between direction of magnetic field and heading 103. How is heading distributed? Pilot and co-pilot get heading signals from both systems 104. How are they displayed? HSIs or NDs show own compass, RMIs show other system 105. What is shown when signal not valid? Heading warning flag