International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2017, pp. 967975 Article ID: IJCIET_08_01_115

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

MULTICAST OPTIMAL ENERGY AWARE ROUTING

PROTOCOL FOR MANET BASED ON SWARM
INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES
S. Vimala
Research Scholar, Bharath University, Chennai, India

Dr. V. Khanna
Dean, Informatics, Bharath University, Chennai, India

ABSTRACT
In the past decade optimal multicast energy conservation routing is very big issue. In this
paper finding optimal paths in mobile ad hoc networks with minimal energy consumption.
More specifically, a novel bi-level optimization model, which allows the reliability, namely
beakless path between nodes. With lowest energy consumption to be taken into account
simultaneously is presented. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed model, a
hybrid metric space and particle swarm optimization is devised. These hybrid approaches find
optimal path and reduce the energy level. The PSO based on swarm intelligence, utilize the
information of the best fitness value of the both local best and global best. The metric space
analyze significantly reduced delay time to search both host and target nodes in dynamic
infrastructure mobile adhoc network. Finally results are more determined, showing the
correctness of the proposed model. Indeed, the selection of energy conservative a shorter route
leads to a more stable route, but to greater energy consumption.
Key words: WSN, Protocol, MANET, Routing.
Cite this Article: S. Vimala and Dr. V. Khanna, Multicast Optimal Energy Aware Routing
Protocol for Manet Based on Swarm Intelligent Techniques. International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 2017, pp. 967975.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1

1. INTRODUCTION
Recent development of computers and the wireless communication, the mobile computing has already
become the field of computer communications in high-level link. Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)
[2] is a completely wireless link through the nodes constructed by the actions of the network, which
normally has a dynamic structure and a limited bandwidth and other features, network nodes may be
inside the laptop, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)[3], mobile phones, MP3 players, and digital
cameras and etc. On the Internet[4, the original Mobility (mobility) is the term used to denote actions
source roaming in a different domain; they can retain their own fixed IP address, without the need to
constantly changing, which is Mobile IP technology[2]. Mobile IP nodes [4] in the main action is to
deal with IP address management, by Home Agent [4] and Foreign Agent to the Mobile Node to
packet Tunneling, the Routing and fixed networks are not differ from the original; however, Ad Hoc

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 Multicast Optimal Energy Aware Routing Protocol for Manet Based on Swarm Intelligent Techniques

Network to be provided by Mobility is a fully wireless [3], can be any mobile network infrastructure,
without a base station, all the nodes can be any link, each node at the same time taken.
Router work with the Mobile IP addresses completely various levels of Mobility. Early use of the
military on the Mobile Packet Radio[4] Networked in fact can be considered the predecessor of
MANET, with the IC technology advances, when the high-tech communication equipment ,the size,
weight continuously decreases, power consumption is getting low, Personal Communication System
(Personal Communication System, PCS)[5] concept evolved, from the past few years the rapid
popularization of mobile phones can be seen to communicate with others anytime, anywhere, get the
latest information, or exchange the required information is no longer a dream, And we have gradually
become an integral part of life. Military purposes[7], as is often considerable danger in field
environment, some of the major basic communication facilities, such as base stations, may not be
available, in this case, different units, or if you want to communicate between the forces, we must rely
on This cannot MANET network infrastructure limitations. In emergency relief[8], the mountain
search and rescue operations at sea, or even have any infrastructure cannot be expected to comply with
the topographical constraints and the pressure of time under the pressure, Ad Hoc Network completely
wireless and can be any mobile feature is especially suited to disaster relief operations. When personal
communication devices and more powerful, some assembly occasions, if you need to exchange large
amounts of data, whether the transmission of computer files or applications that display. if we can link
into a versatile network zone, then the data transmission will be more efficient without the need for
large-scale projection device would not have point to point link equipment (such as network line or
transmission line). The current wireless LAN technology, Bluetooth is[9] has attracted considerable
attention as a development plan. Bluetooth's aim is to enable wireless devices to contact with each
other, if the adding the design of Ad Hoc Network (MANET) [10].

2. RELATED BACKGROUND
Nowadays, the information technology will be mainly based on wireless technology, the conventional
mobile network and cellular are still, in some sense, limited by their need for infrastructure for
instance based station, routers and so on. For the Mobile Ad Hoc Network, this final limitation is
eliminated, and the Ad Hoc Network are the key in the evolution of wireless network and the Ad Hoc
Network are typically composed of equal node which communication over wireless link without any
central control [2]. Although military tactical communication is still considered as the primary
application for Ad Hoc Networks and commercial interest in this type of networks continues to grow.
And all the applications such as rescue mission in time of natural disasters, law enforcement operation,
and commercial as rescue and in the sensor network are few commercial examples, but in this time its
become very important in our life and they become use it[3]. The Ad Hoc Networking application is
not new one and the original can be traced back to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(DARPA) Packet Radio Networking (PRNET) project in 1972[1, 2, 3] which evolved into the
survivable adaptive radio networks (SURAN) program [4] .which was primarily inspired by the
efficiency of the packet switching technology for instance the store/forward routing and then
bandwidth sharing, its possible application in the mobile Ah Hoc Networks environments. as well as
in the Packet Radio Networking devises like Repeaters and Routers and so on, were all mobile
although mobility was so limited in that time, theses advanced protocol was consider good in the
1970s.after few years advance in Micro
Electronics technology and its was possible to integrate all the nodes and also the network devices
into a single unit Called Ad Hoc Nodes. And then the advance such as the flexibility, resilience also
mobility and independence of fixed infrastructure, and in that time they so interesting to use it
immediately among military battlefield, Ad hoc networks have played an important role in military
applications and related research efforts, for example, the global mobile information systems (GloMo)
program [5] and the near-term digital radio (NTDR) [6] program. And also has been the increase in the

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 S. Vimala and Dr. V. Khanna

police, commercial sector and rescue agencies in use of such networks under disorganized
environments. Ad Hoc network research stayed long time in the realm of the military. And in the
middle of 1990s with advice of commercial radio technology and the wireless became aware of the
great advantages of Mobile Ad Hoc networks outside the military battlefield domain, and then became
so active research work on ad hoc network start in 1995 in the conference session of the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF) [7]. And then in 1996 this works had evolved into Mobile Ad Hoc
Network, in that time focused to discussion cantered in military satellite network, wearable computer
network and tactical network with specific concerns begin raised relative to adaptation of existing
routing protocols to support IP network in dynamic environments, as well as they make the charter of
the Mobile Ad Hoc Network Working Group (MANETWG) of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF) also the work inside the MANTs relies on other existing IETF standard such as Mobile IP and
IP addressing and most of the currently available solutions are not designed to scale to more than a
few hundred nodes. Currently, the research in Mobile Ad Hoc Network became so active and vibrant
area and the efforts this research community together with the current and future (MANET) enabling
radio technology. Recently, the Ad Hoc Wireless Network and computing consortium was established
with the aim to coalescing the interests and efforts to use it anywhere such as academic area and
industry and so on. And in order to apply this technology to application ranging for the Home wireless
to wide area peer to remote networking and communications. And its will certainly pave the way for
commercially viable MANET networks and their new and exciting applications, which began to
appear in all fields in this life. More recently, the computer has became spread significantly in the all
the place and after a pervasive computing environment can be expected based on the recent progresses
and advances in computing and communication technologies. Next generation of mobile
communications will include both prestigious infrastructure wireless networks and novel infrastructure
less mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs).

3. NETWORK ZONE STRUCTURE

The multi cast mobile adhoc network structure is hybrid of star and mesh network. This network
structure provides a robust and versatile communications network, while maintaining the ability to
keep the power consumption of nodes should be minimum. In this network topology, nodes are
enabled with multi-hop capability, allowing them to forward messages from the low power nodes to
other nodes on the network. Generally, the nodes with the multi-hop capability are higher power, and
if possible to enhance the network structure.

Figure 1 Mesh T Network zone structure

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 Multicast Optimal Energy Aware Routing Protocol for Manet Based on Swarm Intelligent Techniques

Figure 2 Grid size network zone

4. ENERGY CONSERVATIVE PROTOCOL

Energy conservative protocol model by a simple directed graph Eg (N, U, W), where N is a set of
finite nodes N={n1,n2,n3,ni }, and U is an arc set unidirectional wireless communication links.
The weight function arc set is W : U^ R+ assigns power to each arc, where R+ denotes the positive
real number set. That is, for each arc (v, u), Pvu is the power Requirement for the link from source
node Si to destination node Di. Let as assume that any node Si node, choose its power level, not to
exceed threshold value Eth. This Protocol considers a source-initiated multicast in Mobile ad-hoc
networks. The structure of Multicast Mobile adhoc network is virtual hybridization of mesh-tree
structure. This network structure gives path stability due to the energy conservative protocol. The
energy conservative protocol session durations are generated randomly at the network nodes. The
finite set of nodes M that support a multicast session, including the source node, superior node and all
destination nodes, is referred to as a multicast tree. Any multicast hybrid (mest) structure is a rooted
mest. We define a mest structure as a directed acyclic graph with a source node called root with no
incoming arcs, and all its other nodes with exactly one incoming arc. A property of rooted mest is that
for any node n in the mest, there exists a single directed path from s to n in the tree. A node with no
out-coming arcs is called a leaf node, and all other nodes are internal nodes, or relay nodes. The
minimum-energy multicast problem is to find a multicast mest with the minimum power consumption.
The protocol involves the choice of transmission power level, hop nodes, antenna beam width, and
antenna orientation.

5. PSEUDO CODE FOR ENERGY CONSERVATIVE

Protocol
Begin:
Input: Source Node Si
Output: Destination Node Di
Find the Network Zone Structure Zn
Select the finite set of Group nodes Gn={g1,g2,g3,g4..gn}, where Gn Zn.
Power allocation for each node Pn={P1,P2,P3,.Pn};
Find the Energy level of each Packet En= [1/T* ] Where En= {E1, E2,E3..En}
Calculate minimum requirement Energy threshold for neighbor node Ni
Eth=(1/N)

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 S. Vimala and Dr. V. Khanna

Repeat:
If the Energy level of each node Ei > Eth Forward to Neighbor Node (Ni)
Else
Remove (Ni)
While (P (Ni)! =NULL)
Eth =Eth/2;
i++; Repeat End:

6. OPTIMAL SHORTEST PATH FIND USING METRIC SPACE ANALYSIS

Definition
Let X be a non empty space set. Let d: X * X- [0, ) be such that
i) d(a,b)=0 for all a, b X where a, b are nodes in the optimal path
d(a,a)=0 < =>a=b
d(a,b)=d(b,a) a,b x
d(a,b)d(a,z)+d(z,b) ) a,b ,z x
Where a,b, and z are nodes in optimal path then d is called as metric on x.
The pair x, d is called metric space (Network Space).

Convergence
Let (x , d) be a metric space.
Let {x n}n=1 C X be a sequence of nodes.
We say that sequence of nodes converges to x (a node)
If >0 their exists n N such that
d(xn,,x)< n N.
7. SWARM INTELLEIGENT ROUTING
Step 1
When the nodes are dispersed in mest structure. Swarm particle position is randomly initialized. The
position and velocity of node vector represents as PSi= (Pi, V).
Step 2
Each Psi monitors Quality of service parameter (QOS) like node lifetime, link lifetime, and available
bandwidth.
Step 3
Based on QOS , estimate the fitness function (Fi) of each particle Fi = (a * Xi 2 + (b *Yi) + (c * A)
where a,b and c are the weight function.
Step 4
The local best (Lb) and global best (Gbp) value of fitness and position of each particle is estimated.
Step 5
validate the position of Lbp and Gbp based on if-then rule
If Fi> Fi (Lbpi)
Then

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 Multicast Optimal Energy Aware Routing Protocol for Manet Based on Swarm Intelligent Techniques

Validate the position of Lbp with the fitness value Fi End if

If Fi> Fi(GbPi)
Then
Validate the position of Gbp with fitness value Fi End if
Step 6
Update the velocity and position of each particle using if then rule
Step 7
The value updated in the global best particle is considered as the best routing path.
Step 8
The predicted QOS parameters are classified using Fuzzy rule based classifier. The classifier to
classify whether it is a weak, normal, or strong node.

8. PERFORMANACE METRICS
Performance evaluation of proposed Energy aware optimal routing SIR by comparison with that of
RSGM, AODV, SPMP via packet-level simulations in various performance metrics. This Performance
are simulated using MATLAB environment. We evaluate the performance of ECPM RSGM, AODV
and SPBM various metrics like, Energy level, node life time, link life time and optimal Path length.

8.1. Fuzzy-Based Node Status Estimation

This technique involves the prediction and classification of the node's status by fuzzy logic technique.
The steps to determine the fuzzy if-then rule-based interference are as follows:
Fuzzification: In Fuzzy logic, inputs of the nodes of the swarm particles are obtained from the
selected input variables and then the degrees to which the inputs belong to each of the suitable fuzzy
set are estimated.

Figure 3 Fuzzy rule node classification

Figure 4 Status of Nodes in a zone

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 S. Vimala and Dr. V. Khanna

Figure 5 Optimal path estimation from SIR

Figure 6 Evaluation of fitness function

Table 1 Energy efficient path selection

SL. No Position Velocity Energy Fitness
1 Low Low Low Weak
2 Low Low High Weak
3 Low High Low Weak
4 Low High High Normal
5 High Low Low Weak
6 High Low High Normal
7 High High Low Normal
8 High High High Strong

9. CONCLUSION
In this paper we present a new energy efficient optimal routing protocol in hybrid mesh-tree (mest)
structure. This structure gives strong and reliable brakeless packet forward from source to destination
nodes. Mmest structure gives energy efficient path from swarm intelligent routing. Our SIR protocol
simulated and analyzed using MATLAB. Results are shown SIR has high successful rate, packet
delivery ratio, low latency compared with AODV, RSGM,SPBM,RBMP protocols.

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 Multicast Optimal Energy Aware Routing Protocol for Manet Based on Swarm Intelligent Techniques

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