MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM DESIGN

LINKING LABO, CAMARINES NORTE TO MINALABAC, CAMARINES SUR

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A Technical Report Submitted to

Engineer Marvin S. Verdadero
Engineering and Architecture Department
BICOL STATE COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

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In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement

For the degree of Bachelor of Science in Electronics Engineering

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By
SALES, Kathleen A.
CABANOS, Gemalyn B.
LIBUTAN, Angelica Pia B.
PANTON, John Paulo G.

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 APPROVAL SHEET

This undergraduate thesis, attached hereto entitled, A MICROWAVE

COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM DESIGN FOR LABO, CAMARINES NORTE TO
MINALABAC, CAMARINES SUR prepared and submitted by SALES, Kathleen
A., CABANOS, Gemalyn B., LIBUTAN, Angelica Pia L. and Panton, John Paulo
G.. in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of
Science in Electronics Engineering has been examined and recommended
for acceptance and approval.

Engr. Marvin S. Verdadero

Adviser

Approved as a partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree

of Bachelor of Science in Electronics Engineering.

Arch. Jennifer Y. Vibar

Dean, College of Engineering and Architecture
Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and Technology

__________________
Date Signed

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We, the researchers would like to extend our deepest gratitude and

sincere thanks to the following for helping us to make this study possible:

To Engr. Donovan H. Amaranto, Engr. Eric O. Tino, Engr. Anthony

Francis L. Laynesa, Engr. Manuel Brecio Jr. and Engr. Marvin S. Verdadero

for the guidance and patience and for thoughtfully sharing their

knowledge to us.

To our classmates, who devoted their time in helping and supporting

us who have undergone the same hardship.

To our beloved families, who served as our inspiration and for the

unending support that encourage us to finish this thesis project.

To each family, for providing us safe and conducive place which is a

big help to complete this study.

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 And above all, to our Almighty God, for the gift of life and wisdom,

for giving us enough strength to lift up our burdens and giving us light in the

darkest path of our lives therefore paving our way to complete this study.

Thank you.

Sincerely,

Kath, Gem, Pia and Pau

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Arch. Jennifer Y. Vibar
Dean, College of Engineering and Architecture
Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and Technology

Dear Madam:

Here is the technical report entitled A MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION

SYSTEM DESIGN LINKING THE MUNICIPALITIES OF LABO, CAMARINES NORTE
AND MINALABAC, CAMARINES SUR, as a partial fulfilment of the
requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Electronics and
Communications Engineering. This technical report is written under the
guidance of Engr. Marvin S. Verdadero.

The researchers used the principles in microwave communication to be

able to come up with a reliable design of microwave system.

Based on the findings of the study, it is feasible to put up a line-of-sight

microwave communication linking Labo, Camarines Norte to Minalabac,
Camarines Sur.

The researchers recommend that one should have proper and sound
knowledge in designing a microwave communication system.

Should you have any questions about the study, please feel free to ask the
undersigned.

Respectfully yours,

Sales, Kathleen A.
Cabanos, Gemalyn B.
Libutan, Angelica Pia B.
Panton, John Paulo G.

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 DEDICATION

With our sincere appreciation to all the people who have shared

their precious time and knowledge to guide us, to those who push us to our

limit to continue our endeavors, for letting us experience the sweet and

spice of life and serve as our motivation to pursue our goals in life We

humbly dedicate this to you

Kath, Gem, Pia and Pau

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL PAGE ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT iii
LETTER TO THE DEAN v
DECICATION vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF APPENDICES ix
ABSTRACT x
CHAPTER I: Introduction 1
Introduction 1
Statement of the Problem 3
Scope and Delimitation 4
Definition of Terms 6
End Notes 13
CHAPTER II: Review of Literature 14
Theoretical Framework 14
Conceptual Framework 18
CHAPTER III: Link Budget 24
A. Calculation of Coordinates 24
B. Choosing the best route 28
C. Getting the highest obstruction 35
D. Azimuth and Distance Calculation 42
E. Frequency Calculation 62
F. Antenna Height and Path Calculation 64
G. Transmission Calculation (LINK1) 75

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 H. Transmission Calculation (LINK2) 90
I. Overall System Reliability Using Frequency Diversity 106
J. Total Load Calculation for Generators 107
CHAPTER IV: Results and Discussion 108
CHAPTER V: Conclusions and Recommendations 126

Recommendations 130

APPENDICES

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 LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix A Site Profile & Description

Appendix B Path Profile

Appendix C Logarithmic Table

Path Distance vs. Frequency Band

Path Characteristic

Climate Factor

Rain Attenuation vs. Rainfall Rate

Excess Attenuation Due To Atmospheric

Absorption

Appendix D Tower & Radio Station Layout

Floor Plans

Appendix E Radio Equipment Specification

Appendix F Microwave Antenna Specification

Appendix G Radome Specification

Appendix H & H1 Waveguide Specification

Appendix I Lightning Arrestor Specification

Appendix J Generator Set Specification

Appendix K Outdoor Power System

Appendix L Topographic Map

Appendix M Curriculum Vitae

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 ABSTRACT

MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION IS A WIDELY USED POINT-TO-POINT

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM. THIS PROVIDES A RELIABLE SYSTEM FOR LONG

DISTANCE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM. THE PURPOSE OF THIS REASEARCH

STUDY IS TO ESTABLISH A LINE-OF-SIGHT MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION

SYSTEM WITH PROTECTED NETWORK LINKING LABO, CAMARINES NORTE TO

MINALABAC, CAMARINES SUR CONSISTING OF TWO (2) MICROWAVE

REPEATERS AND ONE (1) RELAY TO HELP MAINTAIN THE RELIABILITY OF THE

SIGNAL TRANSFERRED. TO ACHIEVE THE BEST MICROWAVE

COMMUNICATION DESIGN THAT WILL OPERATE AT 7GHZ FREQUENCY WITH

THE OVERALL SYSTEM RELIABILITY OF 99.9999817% AND AN OUTAGE TIME OF

5.78135232 SEC, SEVERAL CONSIDERATIONS MUST BE TAKEN INTO

ACCOUNT SPECIALLY IN SELECTING THE LOCATION FOR THE ANTENNAS AND

THE EQUIPMENT USED. TO ASSURE THAT THE SYSTEM DESGN WORKS

PROPERLY WITH THE DESIRED OUTPUT, MATHEMATICAL COMPUTATIONS AND

SYSTEM ANALYSIS WERE MADE. THIS WILL PROVE THAT THE THEORIES AND

PRINCIPLES APPLIED INTO ACTUAL PRACTICE WILL FUNCTION WELL WITH THE

EXPECTED OUTPUT.