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Hydraulics Laboratory
0931363
Apparatus:
The apparatus consists of an upward discharging jet contained within a clear Plexiglas
cylinder. There are leveling screws on the bottom surface of the apparatus. The weight
pan atop the apparatus is attached to the top of a spindle that passes through the lid of the
cylinder and down to a flat plate located just above the exit of the water jet. Water is
supplied from the lab faucet to the inlet of the apparatus via a hose. Water flowing
through the nozzle strikes the flat plate and deflects downward to the base of the clear
Plexiglas cylinder, where it exits and drains in the sink.
( )
Where:
o F: the jet force.
o : density of water.
o Q: flow rate.
o Vin: water velocity by which the jet strikes the vane.
o Vout: water velocity after the strike.
2- Hemispheric cup:
In this case = 180 then cos(180)= -1then
( )
The impact of the jet maybe measured by moving the jockey weight along the
leaver a distance ( y ) until the tally shows that the leaver has been restored to
original ( zero ) balanced position.
Taking moment about the pivot of the leaver which is 150mm away from the
center of the van give the force exerted on the van.
Where:
o F: force on the vane.in Newton.
o W: weight of jockey weight. = in Newton.
o y: distance the jockey is moved to restore balanced position in meters.
Where:
o V: velocity at nozzle exist in
o Q: water flow rate in .
o A: area in .
The velocity at which the jet strikes the vane is given by:
Where:
o g: gravity acceleration in .
o s: height of the vane above nozzle tip = 0.035.
( )
( )
Q F1 F2
0.27 0.92 0.7848
0.34 1.52 1.1772
0.36 1.713 1.3734
0.39 2.00 1.7658
0.46 2.69 2.3544
0.49 3.058 2.7468
Q F1 F2
0.19 0.92 0.7848
0.25 1.67 1.962
0.30 2.33 1.3734
0.34 3.05 2.7468
0.52 6.88 4.3164
0.56 8.12 5.4936
7
F1 ( EXP )
6
F2 ( THEO )
5 F1 ( EXP )
Forces
4 F2 (THEO )
Linear (F1 ( EXP ))
3
Linear (F2 ( THEO ))
2
Linear (F1 ( EXP ))
1 Linear (F2 (THEO ))
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Flow rate
5 Flat plate
Forces
4 Hemispherical cup
Linear (Flat plate)
3
Linear (Hemispherical cup )
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Number of experment